diff --git a/async/deno.json b/async/deno.json
index bcceeac9a110..aa79a3c77de8 100644
--- a/async/deno.json
+++ b/async/deno.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@std/async",
-  "version": "1.0.16",
+  "version": "1.1.0",
   "exports": {
     ".": "./mod.ts",
     "./abortable": "./abortable.ts",
diff --git a/async/retry.ts b/async/retry.ts
index 7579b3800142..fa89e1de03e2 100644
--- a/async/retry.ts
+++ b/async/retry.ts
@@ -61,6 +61,15 @@ export interface RetryOptions {
    * @default {1}
    */
   jitter?: number;
+  /**
+   * Callback to determine if an error or other thrown value is retriable.
+   *
+   * @default {() => true}
+   *
+   * @param err The thrown error or other value.
+   * @returns `true` if the error is retriable, `false` otherwise.
+   */
+  isRetriable?: (err: unknown) => boolean;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -112,10 +121,35 @@ export interface RetryOptions {
  * });
  * ```
  *
+ * @example Only retry on specific error types
+ * ```ts no-assert
+ * import { retry } from "@std/async/retry";
+ *
+ * class HttpError extends Error {
+ *   status: number;
+ *   constructor(status: number) {
+ *     super(`HTTP ${status}`);
+ *     this.status = status;
+ *   }
+ * }
+ *
+ * const req = async () => {
+ *   // some function that throws HttpError
+ * };
+ *
+ * // Only retry on 429 (rate limit) or 5xx (server) errors
+ * const retryPromise = await retry(req, {
+ *   isRetriable: (err) =>
+ *     err instanceof HttpError && (err.status === 429 || err.status >= 500),
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
  * @typeParam T The return type of the function to retry and returned promise.
  * @param fn The function to retry.
  * @param options Additional options.
  * @returns The promise that resolves with the value returned by the function to retry.
+ * @throws {RetryError} If the function fails after `maxAttempts` attempts.
+ * @throws If `isRetriable` returns `false` for an error, throws that error immediately.
  */
 export async function retry<T>(
   fn: (() => Promise<T>) | (() => T),
@@ -127,6 +161,7 @@ export async function retry<T>(
     maxAttempts = 5,
     minTimeout = 1000,
     jitter = 1,
+    isRetriable = () => true,
   } = options ?? {};
 
   if (!Number.isInteger(maxAttempts) || maxAttempts < 1) {
@@ -165,6 +200,10 @@ export async function retry<T>(
     try {
       return await fn();
     } catch (error) {
+      if (!isRetriable(error)) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
       if (attempt + 1 >= maxAttempts) {
         throw new RetryError(error, maxAttempts);
       }
diff --git a/async/retry_test.ts b/async/retry_test.ts
index c705890d5a6d..034817c2d19b 100644
--- a/async/retry_test.ts
+++ b/async/retry_test.ts
@@ -336,3 +336,46 @@ Deno.test("retry() caps backoff at maxTimeout", async () => {
 
   await assertRejects(() => promise, RetryError);
 });
+
+Deno.test("retry() only retries errors that are retriable with `isRetriable` option", async () => {
+  class HttpError extends Error {
+    status: number;
+    constructor(status: number) {
+      super();
+      this.status = status;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const isRetriable = (err: unknown) =>
+    err instanceof HttpError && (err.status === 429 || err.status >= 500);
+
+  const options = {
+    minTimeout: 1,
+    isRetriable,
+  };
+
+  let numCalls: number;
+
+  numCalls = 0;
+  await assertRejects(() =>
+    retry(() => {
+      numCalls++;
+      throw new HttpError(400);
+    }, options), HttpError);
+  assertEquals(numCalls, 1);
+
+  numCalls = 0;
+  await assertRejects(() =>
+    retry(() => {
+      numCalls++;
+      throw new HttpError(500);
+    }, options), RetryError);
+  assertEquals(numCalls, 5);
+
+  numCalls = 0;
+  await assertRejects(() =>
+    retry(() => {
+      throw new HttpError(++numCalls === 3 ? 400 : 500);
+    }, options), HttpError);
+  assertEquals(numCalls, 3);
+});
diff --git a/import_map.json b/import_map.json
index 6f68dd6653ce..099db0653f01 100644
--- a/import_map.json
+++ b/import_map.json
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@
     "npm:/typescript": "npm:typescript@5.8.2",
     "automation/": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/denoland/automation/0.10.0/",
     "graphviz": "npm:node-graphviz@^0.1.1",
-
     "@std/assert": "jsr:@std/assert@^1.0.16",
-    "@std/async": "jsr:@std/async@^1.0.16",
+    "@std/async": "jsr:@std/async@^1.1.0",
     "@std/bytes": "jsr:@std/bytes@^1.0.6",
     "@std/cache": "jsr:@std/cache@^0.2.1",
     "@std/cbor": "jsr:@std/cbor@^0.1.9",