diff --git a/expected/sample.out b/expected/sample.out
index 689eb60..cae81c5 100644
--- a/expected/sample.out
+++ b/expected/sample.out
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ VALUES (13, 'user2', ARRAY['DELETE']::perm_type[], 'COLUMN', 'appschema', 'appta
 ERROR:  new row for relation "permission_target" violates check constraint "permission_target_valid"
 DETAIL:  Failing row contains (13, user2, {DELETE}, COLUMN, appschema, apptable2, val).
 -- actual permissions
-GRANT REFERENCES (val) ON appschema.apptable2 TO user1; -- missing SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE
+-- missing REFERENCES for user1 on apptable2.val
 GRANT UPDATE (val) ON appschema.apptable2 TO user2; -- extra privilege UPDATE
 /* view */
 -- desired permissions
@@ -133,31 +133,7 @@ ORDER BY object_type, role_name, schema_name, object_name, column_name, permissi
  VIEW        | user1     | appschema   | appview         |             | DELETE
  VIEW        | user2     | appschema   | appview         |             | SELECT
  VIEW        | users     | appschema   | appview         |             | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | created     | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | created     | INSERT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | created     | UPDATE
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | id          | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | id          | INSERT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | id          | UPDATE
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | val         | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | val         | INSERT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable        | val         | UPDATE
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | apptable2       | val         | REFERENCES
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | appview         | id          | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | appview         | id          | INSERT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | appview         | val         | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user1     | appschema   | appview         | val         | INSERT
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | apptable        | created     | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | apptable        | created     | INSERT
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | apptable        | id          | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | apptable        | id          | INSERT
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | apptable        | val         | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | apptable        | val         | INSERT
  COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | apptable2       | val         | UPDATE
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | appview         | id          | SELECT
- COLUMN      | user2     | appschema   | appview         | val         | SELECT
- COLUMN      | users     | appschema   | appview         | id          | SELECT
- COLUMN      | users     | appschema   | appview         | val         | SELECT
  SEQUENCE    | user1     | appschema   | appseq          |             | USAGE
  SEQUENCE    | user2     | appschema   | appseq          |             | UPDATE
  SEQUENCE    | user2     | appschema   | appseq          |             | USAGE
@@ -176,7 +152,7 @@ ORDER BY object_type, role_name, schema_name, object_name, column_name, permissi
  DATABASE    | user2     |             |                 |             | TEMPORARY
  DATABASE    | users     |             |                 |             | CONNECT
  DATABASE    | users     |             |                 |             | TEMPORARY
-(53 rows)
+(29 rows)
 
 /* report differences */
 SELECT * FROM permission_diffs()
@@ -196,6 +172,7 @@ ORDER BY object_type, schema_name, object_name, column_name, role_name, permissi
  t       | user1     | COLUMN      | appschema   | apptable2       | val         | SELECT
  t       | user1     | COLUMN      | appschema   | apptable2       | val         | INSERT
  t       | user1     | COLUMN      | appschema   | apptable2       | val         | UPDATE
+ t       | user1     | COLUMN      | appschema   | apptable2       | val         | REFERENCES
  f       | user2     | COLUMN      | appschema   | apptable2       | val         | UPDATE
  t       | user1     | SEQUENCE    | appschema   | appseq          |             | SELECT
  f       | user2     | SEQUENCE    | appschema   | appseq          |             | UPDATE
@@ -203,7 +180,7 @@ ORDER BY object_type, schema_name, object_name, column_name, role_name, permissi
  t       | user1     | SCHEMA      | appschema   |                 |             | CREATE
  f       | user2     | SCHEMA      | appschema   |                 |             | CREATE
  f       | user2     | DATABASE    |             |                 |             | CREATE
-(19 rows)
+(20 rows)
 
 /* clean up */
 DROP FUNCTION appschema.appfun(integer);
diff --git a/pg_permissions--1.0.sql b/pg_permissions--1.0.sql
index 88d69e0..555465b 100644
--- a/pg_permissions--1.0.sql
+++ b/pg_permissions--1.0.sql
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ SELECT obj_type 'COLUMN' AS object_type,
        t.relname::text AS object_name,
        c.attname AS column_name,
        p.perm::perm_type AS permission,
-       has_column_privilege(r.oid, t.oid, c.attnum, p.perm) AS granted
+       has_column_privilege(r.oid, t.oid, c.attnum, p.perm)
+       AND NOT has_table_privilege(r.oid, t.oid, p.perm) AS granted
 FROM pg_catalog.pg_class AS t
    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute AS c ON t.oid = c.attrelid
    CROSS JOIN pg_catalog.pg_roles AS r
diff --git a/sql/sample.sql b/sql/sample.sql
index d7e5b03..e100de6 100644
--- a/sql/sample.sql
+++ b/sql/sample.sql
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ INSERT INTO permission_target
    (id, role_name, permissions, object_type, schema_name, object_name, column_name)
 VALUES (13, 'user2', ARRAY['DELETE']::perm_type[], 'COLUMN', 'appschema', 'apptable2', 'val');
 -- actual permissions
-GRANT REFERENCES (val) ON appschema.apptable2 TO user1; -- missing SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE
+-- missing REFERENCES for user1 on apptable2.val
 GRANT UPDATE (val) ON appschema.apptable2 TO user2; -- extra privilege UPDATE
 
 /* view */