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Raspberry Pi

Hardware

Know your version: cat /proc/cpuinfo. Then check here

Or cat /proc/device-tree/model or cat /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/model

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B Rev 1.1

Fan

This explains where to connect the fan. There is nothing more to do: the fan starts when the RPi has booted.

Installing Raspberry Pi OS

Copying the system

The best solution nowadays is to:

  • Download rpi-imager
  • Insert a SD card
  • sudo rpi-imager and select the OS you want (can automatically download it). The tool also allow you to setup SSH, WiFi, hostname which really saves time!

If you still want to do it the old way,

  • Download Raspberry Pi OS
  • Insert a SD card, and run lsblk to spot where it is located
  • Copy raspbian on the SD card: sudo dd bs=4M if=2018-04-18-raspbian-stretch-lite.img of=/dev/sdX conv=fsync where sdX is for example sdj (but not sdj1).

Note it is possible to combine the Unzip and the copy with unzip -p and a pipe.

Customizing the image (e.g. headless systems)

Note that rpi-imager can enable WiFi and SSH for you. In that case, you no longer need to customize the image.

Once the image has been copied on the SD card, We need to reload the partition table for the SD card: sudo partprobe /dev/sdX. Then you will notice two partitions on the SD card:

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdj

Command (m for help): p

...
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdj1            8192       96453       44131    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdj2           98304     3637247     1769472   83  Linux
  • Mount the 1st partition: sudo mount /dev/sdj1 /mnt/usbstick/. This corresponds to the /boot partition.
  • To enable SSH at startup: sudo touch /mnt/usbstick/ssh
  • To configure Wifi, create a file /mnt/usbstack/wpa_supplicant.conf. At startup, this file will be copied in the correct directory automatically.
  • Run wpa_passphrase SSID PASSPHRASE to generate the correct psk for wpa_supplicant.conf and copy/paste the output.
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=fr

network={
    ssid="your-ssid"
    psk="your key use wpa_passphrase"
}

See Headless setup

Cloning

Multiboot

NOOBS supports multi boot. Partitions typcally have the following layout.

Partitions:

Partition Description
/dev/mmcblk0p1 NOOBS boot partition - that's where the Pi boots
/dev/mmcblk0p2 Extended partition
/dev/mmcblk0p5 NOOBS settings
/dev/mmcblk0p6 Boot partition of OS1
/dev/mmcblk0p7 OS1
/dev/mmcblk0p8 Boot partition of OS2
/dev/mmcblk0p9 Recalbox

In /dev/mmcblk0p5,

$ cat noobs.conf 
[General]
default_partition_to_boot=8
display_mode=0
keyboard_layout=fr
language=us

To reboot to OS1:

echo 6 > /sys/module/bcm2709/parameters/reboot_part

To reboot to OS2:

echo 8 > /sys/module/bcm2709/parameters/reboot_part

Or to reboot to NOOBS:

echo 0 > /sys/module/bcm2709/parameters/reboot_part

See here to setup multi boot. Note this is not possible yet with Recalbox 6.0

OS

To add a user: sudo adduser name. To add a user to a given group: sudo adduser login group

Delete pi user: sudo deluser -remove-home pi Often, this does not work because Pi user is still used to run some process such as lightdm autologin. The easiest way to get rid of pi user is to run raspi-config and in Boot options, select Console mode not GUI (if that is okay), and with no auto login. Then, reboot, and deluser pi should work.

Fsck

To force FSCK at next boot, sudo touch /forcefsck

RAM disk

It is a good idea to have /tmp (and perhaps other directories) as tmpfs.

Create tmpfs

Swap file

If RAM is insufficient on the RPi, it is possible to configure / increase size of a swap file.

  1. Disable the swap file temporarily: sudo dphys-swapfile swapoff
  2. Edit file /etc/dphys-swapfile and modify CONF_SWAPSIZE. Its value is in Megabytes. For 1G, set 1024:
CONF_SWAPSIZE=1024
  1. Setup the system: sudo dphys-swapfile setup
  2. Re-enable swap file: sudo dphys-swapfile swapon

Recalbox

  • To install recalbox: sudo dd if=~/Downloads/recalbox.img of=/dev/sdj bs=32M
  • Recalbox: default root login is recalboxroot. This can be secured via the menu and modified to another password.
  • Image size: on some TV sets, you may need overscan (Advanced settings > Overscan : ON)

Installing games

To install games: upload to /recalbox/share/roms. You should upload them using the Recalbox Web UI. Go to ROMs and then the correct emulator. Don't forget to click on "restart ES" after you have uploaded (or deleted) games in a given emulator or the action won't be done!

  • Sega Mega Drive = Genesis

To install games in the DOS directory, you must follow the instructions in Readme, i.e unzip the files in its own directory named game.dos or game.pc and inside that, create a file named dosbox.bat with the command to launch.

  • Stop all emulators: killall emulationstation
  • High scores for MAME games are located in /recalbox/share/saves/mame/mame2003/hi

In MAME, to get more lives: TAB, then DIP Switch.

To play: add credits with SELECT

Kodi

Kodi exists on Recalbox. It is a Jarvis version.

Explains how to install super repo

Network

Setting a static IP address

In /etc/network/interfaces


auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet static
      address x.y.z.w
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      gateway 192.168.0.254
      dns-nameservers	8.8.8.8	4.2.2.1

Then, make sure to disable DHCP:

apt-get remove dhcpd
update-rc.d dhcpd disable

Disabling ipv6

How to disable IPv6 on RPi

In /etc/sysctl.conf: net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1, then restart sysctl with sudo sysctl -p

To re-enable, change the setting from 1 to 0, restart sysctl, and put eth0 down and up.

`

TP-Link USB Wifi Dongle

How to install TP-Link Driver - Quick setup

Download the driver (it depends on your kernel):

wget http://downloads.fars-robotics.net/wifi-drivers/8822bu-drivers/8822bu-5.4.51-v7l-1333.tar.gz

Untar: tar xvf 8822bu-5.4.51-v7l-1333.tar.gz -C /tmp

Then:

cd /tmp
sudo ./install.sh
sudo reboot

Understanding how to install (if above does not work)

lsusb
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 2357:0115 TP-Link

Get the install script:

sudo wget http://downloads.fars-robotics.net/wifi-drivers/install-wifi -O /usr/bin/install-wifi
sudo chmod u+x /usr/bin/install-wifi

It is a good idea to run the install script to get an idea of which driver you need, but the script is buggy and did not install correctly the driver in my case.

Run the script: sudo install-wifi

It says:

sudo /usr/bin/install-wifi

 *** Raspberry Pi wifi driver installer by MrEngman.
 *** Performing self-update
 *** Relaunching after update

 *** Raspberry Pi wifi driver installer by MrEngman.

Your current kernel revision = 5.4.51-v7l+
Your current kernel build    = #1333

Checking for a wifi module to determine the driver to install.

Your wifi module is Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2357:0115 TP-Link 

And it uses the 8822bu driver.


Your Pi revision number is c03111
You have a Pi 4 v1.1
Checking for a 8822bu wifi driver module for your current kernel.
There is a driver module available for this kernel revision.
Downloading the 8822bu driver, 8822bu-5.4.51-v7l-1333.tar.gz.
Installing the 8822bu driver.

Installing driver config file 8822bu.conf.
mv 8822bu.conf /etc/modprobe.d/.
Installing driver module 8822bu.ko.
install -p -m 644 8822bu.ko /lib/modules/5.4.51-v7l+/kernel/drivers/net/wireless
Loading and running the 8822bu driver, 8822bu.ko.

We are mainly interested in the fact:

  1. It detected the USB Wifi Dongle
  2. The driver for that dongle is 8822bu.conf
  3. The precise package to download is 8822bu-5.4.51-v7l-1333.tar.gz

The install script downloads the package correctly, but then it fails to run it correctly and, in my case,

  • /lib/modules/5.4.51-v7l+/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/8822bu.ko was empty!
  • /etc/modprobe.d/8822bu.conf was empty!

Although the files are present in the package...

So, you need to fix that, un-tar the package and copy manually

  1. The kernel module
  2. The kernel module config file

Refs

Bluetooth

Scan for bluetooth devices

$ bluetoothctl
[NEW] Controller xx:
[NEW] Device yy:yy
bluetooth]# power on
Changing power on succeeded
[bluetooth]# agent on
Agent registered
[bluetooth]# default-agent
Default agent request successful
[bluetooth]# help
bluetooth]# scan on
Discovery started
[CHG] Controller zz:zz:zz... Discovering: yes

Pair a controller

[bluetooth]# pair aa:aa:aa...

To pair with an 8bitdo controller, press its right button (bottom)

Connect to a device

[bluetooth]# connect aa:aa:aa...
Attempting to connect aa:aa:aa...
[CHG] Device aa:aa:aa... Connected: yes
Connection successful

Other commands

info

Apps

Apache

Setting up Apache 2 on Raspbian

Kodi

Install Kodi

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install kodi

VLC

sudo apt-get install vlc

Arduino

Add user to dialout group

PiVPN

PiVPN: the install is straight forward but a bit long (even on Rpi3). Then, do not forget to open port UDP 1194 on the firewall and box (UDP, not TCP).

To create a profile, use the pivpn --add command. To list current connections, pivpn -c. To list existing profiles, pivpn -l.

Then, on the client, it's very simple:

  • Linux: openvpn --config xxx.ovpn
  • Android: install OpenVPN app, and import .ovpn profile

MuseScore

MuseScore dependencies:

  • Cmake. Compile a recent Cmake. For that install sudo apt install libssl-dev.
  • Qt >= 5.15. Compile it

Minecraft

Server

How to install.

  • It is indeed very long
  • Installed in /home/axelle/minecraft

Client

Python in Minecraft

minecraft-pi is a limited version of Minecraft. To play the "real" minecraft, follow instructions here

At some point you need to download Minecraft.jar from a remote server.

$ wget --no-check-certificate https://s3.amazonaws.com/Minecraft.Download/launcher/Minecraft.jar
$ java -jar Minecraft.jar

In my case, my Java installation was corrupt, and I had to reinstall the JDK 1.8 (apt-get install --reinstall...).

As of November 2017, the version of Minecraft is 1.11.2.