Add CREATED column to podman artifact ls output

This change adds a CREATED column to the podman artifact ls command output,
displaying the artifact creation time in human-readable format (e.g.,
"3 weeks ago"), similar to podman image ls.

The creation time is extracted from the org.opencontainers.image.created
annotation stored in the artifact manifest and formatted using
units.HumanDuration.

Changes:
- Add Created field to artifactListOutput struct
- Parse and format creation time from manifest annotations
- Update default output format to include CREATED column
- Update documentation with Created placeholder
- Add test to verify Created column is displayed

Fixes #27314

Co-authored-by: Cursor AI <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Daniel J Walsh <[email protected]>

Author: rhatdan

cmd/podman/artifact/list.go

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ package artifact
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/podman/v5/cmd/podman/common"
 	"github.com/containers/podman/v5/cmd/podman/registry"
 	"github.com/containers/podman/v5/cmd/podman/validate"
 	"github.com/containers/podman/v5/pkg/domain/entities"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	imgspec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"go.podman.io/common/pkg/completion"
 	"go.podman.io/common/pkg/report"
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ type listFlagType struct {
 }
 
 type artifactListOutput struct {
+	Created     string
 	Digest      string
 	Repository  string
 	Size        string
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ type artifactListOutput struct {
 }
 
 var (
-	defaultArtifactListOutputFormat = "{{range .}}{{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}\t{{.Digest}}\t{{.Size}}\n{{end -}}"
+	defaultArtifactListOutputFormat = "{{range .}}{{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}\t{{.Digest}}\t{{.Created}}\t{{.Size}}\n{{end -}}"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -106,7 +109,18 @@ func outputTemplate(cmd *cobra.Command, lrs []*entities.ArtifactListReport) erro
 			artifactHash = artifactDigest.Encoded()
 		}
 
+		// Get the created time from the manifest annotations
+		created := "<unknown>"
+		if lr.Artifact.Manifest != nil && lr.Artifact.Manifest.Annotations != nil {
+			if createdStr, ok := lr.Artifact.Manifest.Annotations[imgspec.AnnotationCreated]; ok {
+				if createdTime, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, createdStr); err == nil {
+					created = units.HumanDuration(time.Since(createdTime)) + " ago"
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
 		artifacts = append(artifacts, artifactListOutput{
+			Created:     created,
 			Digest:      artifactHash,
 			Repository:  named.Name(),
 			Size:        units.HumanSize(float64(lr.Artifact.TotalSizeBytes())),
@@ -116,10 +130,11 @@ func outputTemplate(cmd *cobra.Command, lrs []*entities.ArtifactListReport) erro
 	}
 
 	headers := report.Headers(artifactListOutput{}, map[string]string{
-		"REPOSITORY": "REPOSITORY",
-		"Tag":        "TAG",
-		"Size":       "SIZE",
+		"Created":    "CREATED",
 		"Digest":     "DIGEST",
+		"Repository": "REPOSITORY",
+		"Size":       "SIZE",
+		"Tag":        "TAG",
 	})
 
 	rpt := report.New(os.Stdout, cmd.Name())

docs/source/markdown/podman-artifact-ls.1.md.in

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Print results with a Go template.
 
 | **Placeholder** | **Description**                                |
 |-----------------|------------------------------------------------|
+| .Created        | Artifact creation time in human readable units |
 | .Digest         | The computed digest of the artifact's manifest |
 | .Repository     | Repository name of the artifact                |
 | .Size           | Size artifact in human readable units          |
@@ -33,24 +34,24 @@ Print results with a Go template.
 List artifacts in the local store
 ```
 $ podman artifact ls
-REPOSITORY                TAG         DIGEST             SIZE
-quay.io/artifact/foobar1  latest      ab609fad386d       2.097GB
-quay.io/artifact/foobar2  special     cd734b558ceb       12.58MB
+REPOSITORY                TAG         DIGEST             CREATED          SIZE
+quay.io/artifact/foobar1  latest      ab609fad386d       3 weeks ago      2.097GB
+quay.io/artifact/foobar2  special     cd734b558ceb       2 days ago       12.58MB
 ```
 
 List artifacts in the local store without truncating the digest
 ```
 $ podman artifact ls --no-trunc
-REPOSITORY                TAG         DIGEST                                                              SIZE
-quay.io/artifact/foobar1  latest      ab609fad386df1433f461b0643d9cf575560baf633809dcc9c190da6cc3a3c29    2.097GB
-quay.io/artifact/foobar2  special     cd734b558ceb8ccc0281ca76530e1dea1eb479407d3163f75fb601bffb6f73d0    12.58MB
+REPOSITORY                TAG         DIGEST                                                              CREATED          SIZE
+quay.io/artifact/foobar1  latest      ab609fad386df1433f461b0643d9cf575560baf633809dcc9c190da6cc3a3c29    3 weeks ago      2.097GB
+quay.io/artifact/foobar2  special     cd734b558ceb8ccc0281ca76530e1dea1eb479407d3163f75fb601bffb6f73d0    2 days ago       12.58MB
 ```
 
 List artifacts in the local store without the title header
 ```
 $ podman artifact ls --noheading
-quay.io/artifact/foobar1  latest      ab609fad386d       2.097GB
-quay.io/artifact/foobar2  special     cd734b558ceb       12.58MB
+quay.io/artifact/foobar1  latest      ab609fad386d       3 weeks ago      2.097GB
+quay.io/artifact/foobar2  special     cd734b558ceb       2 days ago       12.58MB
 ```
 
 List artifact digests and size using a --format

test/e2e/artifact_test.go

@@ -78,6 +78,19 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman artifact", func() {
 		// Verify if the virtual size values are present in the output
 		Expect(virtualSizes).To(ContainElement("4192"))
 		Expect(virtualSizes).To(ContainElement("10240"))
+
+		// Check if .Created is reported and is not "<unknown>"
+		createdFormatSession := podmanTest.PodmanExitCleanly("artifact", "ls", "--format", "{{.Created}}")
+		createdTimes := createdFormatSession.OutputToStringArray()
+
+		// Should list 2 lines (without the header)
+		Expect(createdTimes).To(HaveLen(2))
+
+		// Verify the created times are not "<unknown>" and end with " ago"
+		for _, created := range createdTimes {
+			Expect(created).ToNot(Equal("<unknown>"))
+			Expect(created).To(HaveSuffix(" ago"))
+		}
 	})
 
 	It("podman artifact simple add", func() {