docs: Document SpinLock and RWLock

Document locking support. This is related to issue #74 Document
COCONUT-SVSM.

Signed-off-by: Carlos Bilbao <[email protected]>

Author: Zildj1an

src/locking/rwlock.rs

@@ -9,79 +9,163 @@ use core::fmt::Debug;
 use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 
+/// A guard that provides read access to the data protected by [`RWLock`]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[must_use = "if unused the RWLock will immediately unlock"]
 pub struct ReadLockGuard<'a, T: Debug> {
+    /// Reference to the associated `AtomicU64` in the [`RWLock`]
     rwlock: &'a AtomicU64,
+    /// Reference to the protected data
     data: &'a T,
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of the [`ReadLockGuard`] when it is dropped
 impl<'a, T: Debug> Drop for ReadLockGuard<'a, T> {
+    /// Release the read lock
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         self.rwlock.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Release);
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of dereferencing the [`ReadLockGuard`] to
+/// access the protected data.
 impl<'a, T: Debug> Deref for ReadLockGuard<'a, T> {
     type Target = T;
+    /// Allow reading the protected data through deref
     fn deref(&self) -> &T {
         self.data
     }
 }
 
+/// A guard that provides exclusive write access to the data protected by [`RWLock`]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[must_use = "if unused the RWLock will immediately unlock"]
 pub struct WriteLockGuard<'a, T: Debug> {
+    /// Reference to the associated `AtomicU64` in the [`RWLock`]
     rwlock: &'a AtomicU64,
+    /// Reference to the protected data (mutable)
     data: &'a mut T,
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of the [`WriteLockGuard`] when it is dropped
 impl<'a, T: Debug> Drop for WriteLockGuard<'a, T> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         // There are no readers - safe to just set lock to 0
         self.rwlock.store(0, Ordering::Release);
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of dereferencing the [`WriteLockGuard`] to
+/// access the protected data.
 impl<'a, T: Debug> Deref for WriteLockGuard<'a, T> {
     type Target = T;
     fn deref(&self) -> &T {
         self.data
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of dereferencing the [`WriteLockGuard`] to
+/// access the protected data in a mutable way.
 impl<'a, T: Debug> DerefMut for WriteLockGuard<'a, T> {
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
         self.data
     }
 }
 
+/// A simple Read-Write Lock (RWLock) that allows multiple readers or
+/// one exclusive writer.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RWLock<T: Debug> {
+    /// An atomic 64-bit integer used for synchronization
     rwlock: AtomicU64,
+    /// An UnsafeCell for interior mutability
     data: UnsafeCell<T>,
 }
 
+/// Implements the trait `Sync` for the [`RWLock`], allowing safe
+/// concurrent access across threads.
 unsafe impl<T: Debug> Sync for RWLock<T> {}
 
+/// Splits a 64-bit value into two parts: readers (low 32 bits) and
+/// writers (high 32 bits).
+///
+/// # Parameters
+///
+/// - `val`: A 64-bit unsigned integer value to be split.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// A tuple containing two 32-bit unsigned integer values. The first
+/// element of the tuple is the lower 32 bits of input value, and the
+/// second is the upper 32 bits.
+///
 #[inline]
 fn split_val(val: u64) -> (u64, u64) {
     (val & 0xffff_ffffu64, val >> 32)
 }
 
+/// Composes a 64-bit value by combining the number of readers (low 32
+/// bits) and writers (high 32 bits). This function is used to create a
+/// 64-bit synchronization value that represents the current state of the
+/// RWLock, including the count of readers and writers.
+///
+/// # Parameters
+///
+/// - `readers`: The number of readers (low 32 bits) currently holding read locks.
+/// - `writers`: The number of writers (high 32 bits) currently holding write locks.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// A 64-bit value representing the combined state of readers and writers in the RWLock.
+///
 #[inline]
 fn compose_val(readers: u64, writers: u64) -> u64 {
     (readers & 0xffff_ffffu64) | (writers << 32)
 }
 
+/// A reader-writer lock that allows multiple readers or a single writer
+/// to access the protected data. [`RWLock`] provides exclusive access for
+/// writers and shared access for readers, for efficient synchronization.
+///
 impl<T: Debug> RWLock<T> {
+    /// Creates a new [`RWLock`] instance with the provided initial data.
+    ///
+    /// # Parameters
+    ///
+    /// - `data`: The initial data to be protected by the [`RWLock`].
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// A new [`RWLock`] instance with the specified initial data.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use svsm::locking::RWLock;
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// struct MyData {
+    ///     value: i32,
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// let data = MyData { value: 42 };
+    /// let rwlock = RWLock::new(data);
+    /// ```
     pub const fn new(data: T) -> Self {
         RWLock {
             rwlock: AtomicU64::new(0),
             data: UnsafeCell::new(data),
         }
     }
 
+    /// This function is used to wait until all writers have finished their
+    /// operations and retrieve the current state of the [`RWLock`].
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// A 64-bit value representing the current state of the [`RWLock`],
+    /// including the count of readers and writers.
+    ///
     #[inline]
     fn wait_for_writers(&self) -> u64 {
         loop {
@@ -95,6 +179,14 @@ impl<T: Debug> RWLock<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This function is used to wait until all readers have finished their
+    /// operations and retrieve the current state of the [`RWLock`].
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// A 64-bit value representing the current state of the [`RWLock`],
+    /// including the count of readers and writers.
+    ///
     #[inline]
     fn wait_for_readers(&self) -> u64 {
         loop {
@@ -108,6 +200,12 @@ impl<T: Debug> RWLock<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This function allows multiple readers to access the data concurrently.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// A [`ReadLockGuard`] that provides read access to the protected data.
+    ///
     pub fn lock_read(&self) -> ReadLockGuard<T> {
         loop {
             let val = self.wait_for_writers();
@@ -130,6 +228,13 @@ impl<T: Debug> RWLock<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This function ensures exclusive access for a single writer and waits
+    /// for all readers to finish before granting access to the writer.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// A [`WriteLockGuard`] that provides write access to the protected data.
+    ///
     pub fn lock_write(&self) -> WriteLockGuard<T> {
         // Waiting for current writer to finish
         loop {

src/locking/spinlock.rs

@@ -9,43 +9,107 @@ use core::fmt::Debug;
 use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 
+/// A lock guard obtained from a [`SpinLock`]. This lock guard
+/// provides exclusive access to the data protected by a [`SpinLock`],
+/// ensuring that the lock is released when it goes out of scope.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use svsm::locking::SpinLock;
+///
+/// let data = 42;
+/// let spin_lock = SpinLock::new(data);
+///
+/// {
+///     let mut guard = spin_lock.lock();
+///     *guard += 1; // Modify the protected data.
+/// }; // Lock is automatically released when `guard` goes out of scope.
+/// ```
 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[must_use = "if unused the SpinLock will immediately unlock"]
 pub struct LockGuard<'a, T: Debug> {
     holder: &'a AtomicU64,
     data: &'a mut T,
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of the [`LockGuard`] when it is dropped
 impl<'a, T: Debug> Drop for LockGuard<'a, T> {
+    /// Automatically releases the lock when the guard is dropped
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         self.holder.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of dereferencing the [`LockGuard`] to
+/// access the protected data.
 impl<'a, T: Debug> Deref for LockGuard<'a, T> {
     type Target = T;
+    /// Provides read-only access to the protected data
     fn deref(&self) -> &T {
         self.data
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements the behavior of dereferencing the [`LockGuard`] to
+/// access the protected data in a mutable way.
 impl<'a, T: Debug> DerefMut for LockGuard<'a, T> {
+    /// Provides mutable access to the protected data
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
         self.data
     }
 }
 
+/// A simple spinlock implementation for protecting concurrent data access.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use svsm::locking::SpinLock;
+///
+/// let data = 42;
+/// let spin_lock = SpinLock::new(data);
+///
+/// // Acquire the lock and modify the protected data.
+/// {
+///     let mut guard = spin_lock.lock();
+///     *guard += 1;
+/// }; // Lock is automatically released when `guard` goes out of scope.
+///
+/// // Try to acquire the lock without blocking
+/// if let Some(mut guard) = spin_lock.try_lock() {
+///     *guard += 2;
+/// };
+/// ```
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct SpinLock<T: Debug> {
+    /// This atomic counter is incremented each time a thread attempts to
+    /// acquire the lock. It helps to determine the order in which threads
+    /// acquire the lock.
     current: AtomicU64,
+    /// This counter represents the thread that currently holds the lock
+    /// and has access to the protected data.
     holder: AtomicU64,
+    /// This `UnsafeCell` is used to provide interior mutability of the
+    /// protected data. That is, it allows the data to be accessed/modified
+    /// while enforcing the locking mechanism.
     data: UnsafeCell<T>,
 }
 
 unsafe impl<T: Debug + Send> Send for SpinLock<T> {}
 unsafe impl<T: Debug + Send> Sync for SpinLock<T> {}
 
 impl<T: Debug> SpinLock<T> {
+    /// Creates a new SpinLock instance with the specified initial data.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use svsm::locking::SpinLock;
+    ///
+    /// let data = 42;
+    /// let spin_lock = SpinLock::new(data);
+    /// ```
     pub const fn new(data: T) -> Self {
         SpinLock {
             current: AtomicU64::new(0),
@@ -54,6 +118,21 @@ impl<T: Debug> SpinLock<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Acquires the lock, providing access to the protected data.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use svsm::locking::SpinLock;
+    ///
+    /// let spin_lock = SpinLock::new(42);
+    ///
+    /// // Acquire the lock and modify the protected data.
+    /// {
+    ///     let mut guard = spin_lock.lock();
+    ///     *guard += 1;
+    /// }; // Lock is automatically released when `guard` goes out of scope.
+    /// ```
     pub fn lock(&self) -> LockGuard<T> {
         let ticket = self.current.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
         loop {
@@ -69,6 +148,10 @@ impl<T: Debug> SpinLock<T> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This method tries to acquire the lock without blocking. If the
+    /// lock is not available, it returns `None`. If the lock is
+    /// successfully acquired, it returns a [`LockGuard`] that automatically
+    /// releases the lock when it goes out of scope.
     pub fn try_lock(&self) -> Option<LockGuard<T>> {
         let current = self.current.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
         let holder = self.holder.load(Ordering::Acquire);