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CHANGELOG for Mercury

Version 2.5.31

  • Mercury now outputs tls.client.certs and tls.undetermined.certs as well as tls.server.certs, for TLS version 1.2 and earlier. Client and server certificate chains are distinguished by the handshake type of the key exchange data that follows the Certificate data. If no key exchange data is present, then the certificate is reported as tls.undetermined.certs.
  • Timestamp counter reading support for ARM added in tsc_clock.hpp.
  • If a timestamp of 0 is passed to libmerc, a timestamp is computed in order to improve the reassembly of TCP messages, as needed.

Version 2.5.30

  • Dramatic improvements to TCP reassembly for output, performance and TCP segments handling.
  • Improved error handling for malformed UTF-8 strings encountered in protocol fields.
  • Support to parse and output an Encrypted Client Hello extension features.
  • Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) definitions for Network Protocol Fingerprinting.
  • Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) encoding and decoding for fingerprints and Fingerprint and Destination Context.
  • Support for reading classifier feature weights from resource file, whenever available.

Version 2.5.29

  • Support for "dual DB" resource archives, as described in doc/resources.md.
  • Dramatic improvements to mercury's scalability, due to a lockless ring buffer for output, and output buffers that scale to 20% of the requested memory. JSON output records may now have event_start times that are slightly out of order, as the tournament tree that had been used to ensure ordering across threads has been removed.
  • Significant improvements to error detection, recovery and reporting, including stall detection and recovery for packet-processing threads, thread ID reporting, more detailed I/O statistics, and accounting for output drops and output file rotation.

Version 2.5.28

  • Added decapsulation support for GENEVE (RFC 8926)
  • Added a log message that indicates the end of a stats dump, and one that reports the total number of fingerprints of each type in resource file.
  • Disabled the TLS "feature" output, to reduce output volume.
  • Added a commit hash output to mercury --version
  • Added a check that the resource archive contains a watchlist, and added an empty watchlist to resources/resources.tgz.
  • Added a Makefile target for the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) reader src/cms.
  • Minor fixes to output and documentation.

Version 2.5.27

  • Changes to enable native builds on MacOS for both Intel and Apple Silicon.
  • Fixes and extensions to fuzz testing, and additions so that the fuzz-test target in test/Makefile.in can be used by Jenkins.
  • Tofsee fingerprints are now reported through the stats output.
  • The tls/2 and quic/1 fingerprints were revamped to include the QUIC extension ffa5.
  • GREASE normalization for tls/1 was fixed.
  • The equivalence class normalization for dst_port was removed.

Version 2.5.26

  • Added SOCKS v4 and v5 identification and metadata reporting.
  • Added tls/2 and quic/1 fingerprint definitions.
  • Added DNS SVCB parsing.
  • Fixed SMB special character escaping.
  • Adjusted classifier malware probability estimation logic to better handle the case where there are few labeled benign samples.
  • Minor additions to internal classes and functions.

Version 2.5.25

  • Fingerprints are reported for Tofsee initial messages as tofsee/generic.
  • Improved portability by adding #include <cstdint> where needed.

Version 2.5.24

  • Minor improvement to the classifier's numerical accuracy.
  • Reduced mercury's output tournament's max delay from 5s to 100ms.
  • Reduced libmerc #include file dependencies.

Version 2.5.23

  • (Significantly) improved the encrypted/compressed archive reader speed.
  • Process attributes now reported through the mercury_packet_processor_get_attributes function.

Version 2.5.22

  • JSON records created from incomplete TCP segments are now highlighted with "reassembly_properties": { "truncated": true }.
  • Improved TCP segment handling.
  • Removed inappropriate output regarding truncation in X509 certificates.

Version 2.5.21

  • Fixed a slow memory leak in TCP reassembly
  • Optimized LRU cache in fingerprint_prevalence::update(), and changed locking strategy to minimize thread contention
  • New cython function perform_analysis_with_weights

Version 2.5.20

  • Added support to parse IP pkts encapsulated in SGT or Cisco Metadata.
  • Added a depth limit to the parsing of nested bencoding in Bittorrent protocol.

Version 2.5.19

  • Improvements to tls_scanner, batch_gcd, and cert_analyze.
  • Improved fuzz test coverage.
  • Fixed minor typos and pluralization in JSON output.
  • Portability changes to enable compilation (of some files) on Windows.

Version 2.5.18

  • Added experimental support for detecting and decoding Tofsee initial messages. Use the option --nonselected-tcp-data to enable this feature.
  • Added support for mySQL and MariaDB initial messages.
  • Removed C-language comment from the LICENCE file.
  • Fixed bug that caused DNS responses to sometimes be reported as queries.
  • Improved cython support for building PIP packages.
  • Extended the intercept library to detect and report on more protocol types.
  • Increased the size of the internal data buffers in the intercept library to accomodate larger messages.
  • Minor improvements to SMB2, IEC, SSDP, and documentation.
  • Refactored some code for extensibility, code re-use, and clarity.

Version 2.5.17

  • Fixed a libmerc.so issue with extended configuration parsing.

Version 2.5.16

  • Fixed a libmerc.so issue with fingerprint format versions.

Version 2.5.15

  • Add support for the OpenVPN protocol over TCP; the --select command can be configured for that protocol with openvpn_tcp.
  • Fixed an OpenSSL issue that would sometimes affect QUIC processing, by adding conditional compilation to handle older and newer versions of that library. The ./configure script now sets the variable SSLNEW, when the required newer data structures are found.
  • Refactored HTTP for improved performance.

Version 2.5.14

  • When --analysis is used, the TLS fingerprint format in the resource file is detected, and that format will be used to process packets. The --format option, if present, will be overriden.

Version 2.5.13

  • Added --format option that selects the fingerprint format(s).
  • Added tls/1 fingerprint format, in which extensions are sorted into increasing lexicographic order. This compensates for TLS clients that randomize the order of extensions.
  • Updated and amended this README.

Version 2.5.12

  • Fixes some bugs.
  • Updated and amended this README.

Version 2.5.11

  • Run-time configurability for Genric Routing Encapsulation (GRE), Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), Link-Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), NetBIOS Datagram Service (NBDS), NetBIOS Streaming Service (NBSS), Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). These protocols are off by default; they must explicitly appear in the --select option to be selected.
  • STUN and DNP3 introduce a new convention for reporting unknown type codes in JSON by including the hexadecimal value of the unknown code as a string, such as "type":"UNKNOWN (0004)". This convention allows for a smaller and simpler schema, since no additional fields are needed to report unknown values.
  • Support for the automatic generation of C++ classes that represent type codes from Comma Separated Value (CSV) files, in the src/tables directory. This facility is currently used by STUN and IKE.
  • Experimental support for IKEv2.
  • Fuzz tests now run in parallel, making that process considerably faster. Additional fuzz tests were added.

Version 2.5.10

  • Fixes some bugs.
  • Updated and amended this README.

Version 2.5.9

  • Support for detecting, parsing, and reporting STUN packets as JSON. Fingerprinting for STUN is experimental.

Version 2.5.8

  • Added fuzz testing framework based on libfuzz. This replaces AFL in the make fuzz-test target in test/.
  • Support for on-demand TCP reassembly of TLS Client Hello packets and other metata. This feature is configured with the --tcp-reassembly option.
  • Support for detecting DNS over TCP packets and reporting that data in the JSON output.
  • Support for detecting SMB v1 and v2 and reporting the fields of the negotiate request and response packets in the JSON output.
  • Support of detecting IEC 60870-5-104 packets and reporting its fields in the JSON output.

Version 2.5.7

  • Support for detecting SSDP and reporting relevant fields in the JSON ouput.

Version 2.5.6

  • QUIC salt-guessing logic, to find the salt for unknown versions of that protocol.
  • Support for parsing and reporting fields of NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS) packets.
  • Support for parsing and reporting fields of Multicast DNS (mDNS) packets.

Version 2.5.5

  • Experimental: initial pcap-ng parsing code.
  • Initial microbenchmarking code to analyze pcap throughput.
  • Telemetry enhancements: performance optimizations and new fields such as the libmerc version and initialization time.
  • Added changes to prioritize packet filter config over STATIC_CFG_SELECT.

Version 2.5.4

  • Experimental: initial Android support for standalone mercury and cython integration.
  • New option for time-based output file rotation.
  • Telemetry bugfixes to address inconsistent data across telemetry files post-rotation.

Version 2.5.3

  • Added support for reading and processing different LINKTYPEs; ETHERNET, RAW (IP), and PPP are currently supported.
  • Added TLS and QUIC ALPN and user-agent reporting into libmerc.h API.
  • Updated IANA values and added support for Facebook’s custom versions

Version 2.5.2

  • Improved QUIC fingerprinting.
  • Added support for HTTP and QUIC process identification.
  • Improved HTTP process identification by incorporating the User-Agent as additional context in the classifier.
  • Separated the DTLS class from the TLS class, and moved it into its own separate header file.

Version 2.5.1

  • Extended the stats feature to report HTTP and QUIC metadata data, in addition to TLS data. Refactored the message queues to use tuples to serialise/deserialisze data features.
  • IPv6 addresses are now reported in compressed format in the JSON output and stats output.
  • Added libmerc_api.h, a header-only C++ library that provides a clean interface into libmerc.so, and libmerc_util, a test/example/driver program that dynamically loads a variant of that library.

Version 2.5.0

  • Replaced resource directory with resource archive. A single compressed archive (or .tar.gz) file holds all of the resources that mercury needs in order to run its classifier. The --resources command line option now specifies the path of the resources archive. This change makes it easier to configure and distribute the set of resource files as an atomic set. The archive format is a conventional Unix Standard tape archive format (as defined by POSIX in IEEE P1003.1-1988, and widely used through the GNU tar utility), compressed with GZIP (as defined by RFC1952, and widely used through gzip and pigz).

  • Added the experimental stats feature, which computes and stores aggregate statistics regarding TLS fingerprints and destinations, and periodically writes those statistics out to a compressed JSON file. The stats file output is independent from the normal session-oriented JSON output. The number of stats entries can be limited in order to protect against memory exhaustion. This feature is currently experimental, and is likely to evolve. It uses these new command line options:

      --stats=f                             # write stats to file f
  --stats-time=T                        # write stats every T seconds
  --stats-limit=L                       # limit stats to L entries

  • Added SMTP parsing.

  • Gathered together most of libmerc's global variables, to enable multiple libmerc instances to be used concurrently. This makes it possible to update libmerc by loading a newer version of limberc.so.

  • Added the libmerc_driver test program to test concurrent uses of libmerc.

Version 2.4.0

  • Added batch_gcd, a program for efficiently finding the common factors of RSA public keys.
  • Refactored TCP packet processing to use a C++17 std::variant for compile-time polymorphism, which enabled considerable code simplification.
  • Added mercury-json-validity-check.sh to improve test coverage of mercury's different command line options.

Version 2.3.6

  • Organized all packet processing functions into libmerc, a separate library with makefile targets to support both shared objects and a static library. An interface is defined in libmerc.h (with doxygen-based documentation), which provides a programmatic interface to TLS fingerprinting with destination context.
  • Added the initial version of tls_scanner, a tool for scanning HTTPS servers to obtain certificates, HTTP response headers, and redirect and src= links, and to test for domain fronting.
  • Added cert_analyze, a tool for analyzing X509/PKIX certificates.
  • Added command completion for mercury, cert_analyze, and tls_scanner.

Version 2.3.5

Version 2.3.4

  • Multiple PCAP files can be piped in to the standard input, like cat *.pcap | ./mercury, which can simplify workflow and improve performance, especially when working with HDFS and NFS, by minimizing or eliminating the need to write intermediary files to disk.
  • Added defensive coding (no changes in functionality).

Version 2.3.3

  • Improved QUIC processing.
  • Added recognition of CONNECT, PUT, and HEAD methods for HTTP fingerprinting.
  • Fixed a bug in the --analysis module caused when the fingerprint database contains a count field greater than 2^31.

Version 2.3.2

  • QUIC client fingerprints are now reported.
  • PCAP files can be piped in to the standard input, like cat dhcp.pcap | ./mercury --metadata. This feature makes it easier to work with some environments like HDFS.
  • Added documentation for the JSON schema output by mercury.
  • New --nonselected-tcp-data option writes out the TCP Data field for non-selected traffic, as a hex string in the JSON output. This option provides a view into the TCP data that the --select option does not recognize. The --select filter affects the data written by this option; if you want to see the TCP Data field for all traffic, then '--select=none' on the command line.
  • New --nonselected-udp-data option, similar to the one above, but for UDP traffic.
  • There was a significant refactoring that eliminated much dead code, and flattened the packet-processing code (which is now in pkt_proc.cc, which is where you would probably expect to find it).
  • Experimental suport for on-demand TCP reassembly.
  • Improvements to DNS and DHCP processing and JSON output.
  • Added documentation for the safe parsing strategy that mercury uses for parsing packets and certificates.

Version 2.3.0

  • New --resources command line option causes resource files (used in analysis) to be read from a directory other than the default. This makes it easier to use a fingerprint prevalence database other than the system default one.
  • New metadata output: SSH KEX INIT message and TCP initial sequence number (that is, the SEQ of the TCP SYN packet).
  • The packet processing logic has been refactored to use a more systematic approach to packet parsing, which is documented in doc/safe-parsing. The new code is considerably easier to read and extend; it is utilized by the JSON output path, though some functions from the old lower-level approach to packet parsing is still in place in the PCAP output path.

Version 2.2.0

  • New --metadata command line option causes JSON output to include a lot more metadata in its output: tls.client.version, tls.client.random, tls.client.session_id, tls.client.cipher_suites, tls.client.compression_methods, tls.client.server_name, tls.server.random, tls.server.certs, http.request.method, http.request.uri, http.request.protocol, http.request.host, and http.request.user_agent.
  • Accomodating the richer metadata required changes to the previous JSON schema. The current schema is documented in json-test.py.

Version 2.1.0

  • TLS certificates can optionally be output in detail as a JSON object, with the --certs-json command.
  • Experimental: DNS responses can optionally be output in detail as a JSON object, with the --dns-json command. The JSON schema used with this feature is likely to change.
  • The --select (or -s) command now accepts an optional argument that specifies one or more protocols to select. The argument --select=tls,dns causes mercury to process only TLS and DNS packets, for instance.
  • Added support for VXLAN and MPLS
  • Per-packet output is no longer supported