Skip to content

Commit 70b2889

Browse files
chitsanfeichitsanfei
committed
# Conflicts: # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-im/pmi/22-respiratory-failure.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-np/11-epilepsy.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-obgyn/13-abnormal-labor.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-obgyn/24-tumors-of-female-reproductive-system.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-obgyn/27-endometriosis-adenomyosis.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-obgyn/3-physiology-of-female-reproductive-system.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-obgyn/7-pregnancy-physiology-and-diagnosis.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-surg/gs/1-esophageal-disease.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-surg/gs/2-liver-disease.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-surg/gs/intro.md # i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-surg/surgical-trauma.md
1 parent f6ce3e5 commit 70b2889

13 files changed

+694
-11
lines changed

‎docs/note-np/2-anatomy-physiology-and-lesions-of-the-nervous-system.md renamed to ‎docs/note-np/2-nerve-system-anatomy-and-localization-diagnosis-basics.md

+19-4
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
11
---
22
sidebar_position: 2
3-
sidebar_label: '神经系统的解剖、生理和损害'
3+
sidebar_label: '神经系统解剖及定位诊断基础'
44
---
55

6-
# 神经系统的解剖、生理和损害
6+
# 神经系统解剖及定位诊断基础
77

8-
## 脑神经
8+
## 周围神经系统
99

10-
### 概述
10+
### 脑神经
1111

1212
- def：脑相连的周围神经。
1313
- 12对。
@@ -157,3 +157,18 @@ sidebar_label: '神经系统的解剖、生理和损害'
157157
> - 舌前2/3的一般感觉（如触觉、痛觉、温度感觉）主要由**三叉神经**支配。
158158
> - 舌后1/3的一般感觉由**舌咽神经和迷走神经**（第十脑神经）共同支配。
159159
160+
- 定位诊断：
161+
162+
| 类型 | 特点与症状 |
163+
|--------------|---------------------------------------------------|
164+
| 周围性面瘫 | - 面神经核及核以下面神经损伤时，同侧眼裂上、下面肌瘫痪。 |
165+
| | - Bell征：用力闭目时露出白色巩膜。 |
166+
| ⤷ 面神经核下面神经损害 | - 面神经茎乳突附近病变，典型周围性面神经麻痹表现。 |
167+
| | - 面神经管病变：周围性面瘫、舌前2/3味觉障碍、唾液腺分泌障碍，可能伴有听觉过敏。 |
168+
| | - 膝状神经节病变：周围性面瘫、舌前2/3味觉障碍、唾液腺、泪腺分泌障碍、听觉过敏，耳后部疼痛等。 |
169+
| | - 亨特综合征(Hunt Syndrome)：膝状神经节带状疱疹病毒感染，表现为上述症状。 |
170+
| ⤷ 面神经核性损害 | - 除周围性面神经麻痹外，脑干邻近组织损害，出现展神经麻痹以及对侧锥体束征阳性。 |
171+
| 中枢性面瘫 | - 由面神经核上性损害所致。面神经核上半部接受双侧皮质脑干束支配，下半部仅接受对侧支配。 |
172+
| | - 上运动神经元损伤时，病灶对侧眼裂以下面肌瘫痪，额肌和眼轮匝肌不受累。 |
173+
| | - 常见于脑血管病。 |
174+

‎i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-im/pmi/22-respiratory-failure.md

+7
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@ sidebar_position: 22
33
sidebar_label: 'Respiratory Failure'
44
---
55

6+
<<<<<<< HEAD
7+
:::danger
8+
This article is automatically translated and has not yet been reviewed by an expert!
9+
:::
10+
11+
=======
12+
>>>>>>> f6ce3e57488276103c6ff592b31c50f92744c88a
613
# Respiratory Failure
714

815
## Overview

‎i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-np/11-epilepsy.md

+18-1
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -3,6 +3,22 @@ sidebar_position: 11
33
sidebar_label: '癫痫'
44
---
55

6+
<<<<<<< HEAD
7+
:::danger
8+
This article is automatically translated and has not yet been reviewed by an expert!
9+
:::
10+
11+
# Epilepsy
12+
13+
## Overview
14+
15+
- Definition: Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by a persistent change in the brain capable of producing seizures, along with associated consequences.
16+
- Diagnostic Criteria:
17+
- At least one seizure;
18+
- A tendency towards recurrent seizures;
19+
- Associated neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social impairments.
20+
> 1 + -> N + Impairments.
21+
=======
622
# 癫痫
723

824
## 概述
@@ -12,4 +28,5 @@ sidebar_label: '癫痫'
1228
- 至少一次发作；
1329
- 反复癫痫发作的倾向；
1430
- 出现相应的神经生物学、认知、心理学以及社会学等障碍。
15-
> 1 + ->N + 障碍。
31+
> 1 + ->N + 障碍。
32+
>>>>>>> f6ce3e57488276103c6ff592b31c50f92744c88a

‎i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-np/2-nerve-system-anatomy-and-localization-diagnosis-basics.md

+97
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
1+
---
2+
sidebar_position: 2
3+
sidebar_label: 'Anatomy of the Nervous System and Principles of Localization'
4+
---
5+
6+
:::danger
7+
This article is automatically translated and has not yet been reviewed by an expert!
8+
:::
9+
10+
# Anatomy of the Nervous System and Principles of Localization
11+
12+
## Peripheral Nervous System
13+
14+
### Cranial Nerves
15+
16+
- **Definition**: Cranial nerves are peripheral nerves connected to the brain.
17+
- **Number**: 12 pairs.
18+
19+
| Cranial Nerve | Exit from Skull | Brain Connection | Function |
20+
|--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
21+
| Olfactory (I) | Olfactory Foramen | Cerebrum (olfactory sulcus) | Olfaction |
22+
| Optic (II) | Optic Canal | Diencephalon (optic chiasm) | Vision |
23+
| Oculomotor (III) | Superior Orbital Fissure | Midbrain (interpeduncular fossa) | Eye movement, pupil constriction |
24+
| Trochlear (IV) | Superior Orbital Fissure | Midbrain (superior medullary velum) | Control of upward eye deviation |
25+
| Trigeminal (V) | Superior Orbital Fissure, Foramen Rotundum, Foramen Ovale | Pons (pons peduncle) | Facial sensation, mastication |
26+
| Abducens (VI) | Superior Orbital Fissure | Pons (middle of pontomedullary sulcus) | Lateral eye movement |
27+
| Facial (VII) | Internal Acoustic Meatus | Pons (lateral pontomedullary sulcus) | Facial expression, taste |
28+
| Vestibulocochlear (VIII) | Internal Acoustic Meatus | Pons (lateral pontomedullary sulcus) | Hearing and balance |
29+
| Glossopharyngeal (IX) | Jugular Foramen | Medulla oblongata (posterior groove of olive) | Taste, pharyngeal sensation |
30+
| Vagus (X) | Jugular Foramen | Medulla oblongata (posterior groove of olive) | Visceral control, pharyngeal muscles |
31+
| Accessory (XI) | Jugular Foramen | Medulla oblongata (posterior groove of olive) | Control of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles |
32+
| Hypoglossal (XII) | Hypoglossal Canal | Medulla oblongata (anterolateral sulcus) | Tongue movement |
33+
34+
> - One for smell, two for sight, three for eye movement, four for tilt, five for touch and chew, six for lateral gaze, seven for face and taste, eight for hearing and balance, nine for tongue and throat, ten for vagus, eleven for accessory, twelve for hypoglossal.
35+
> - Sensory nerves: I, II, VIII (Dad really dares).
36+
> - Mixed nerves: V, VII, IX, X (My wife is mixed).
37+
> - Without parasympathetic component: II, V, VI, XI (Second grade math problem 5+6=11).
38+
39+
### Olfactory Nerve (Olfactory Nerve, 1)
40+
41+
- **Origin**: Olfactory epithelium in the upper nasal cavity.
42+
- Bipolar neurons pass through the cribriform plate into the anterior cranial fossa, terminating at the olfactory bulb, whose neurons send fibers through the olfactory tract to the olfactory center.
43+
- Special visceral sensory fibers; sensory nerve conducting olfaction.
44+
- **Localization Diagnosis**:
45+
- Nasal mucosa: Local lesions affecting both sides can cause decreased or absent sense of smell.
46+
- Olfactory nerve, bulb, and tract: Abnormalities (decreased or absent sense of smell); tumors in the frontal lobe or olfactory sulcus can cause unilateral or bilateral loss of smell.
47+
- Olfactory center: Lesions generally do not cause loss of smell but may cause olfactory disturbances (parosmia).
48+
49+
### Optic Nerve (Optic Nerve, 2)
50+
51+
- **Origin**: Axons of retinal ganglion cells.
52+
- The retina has three layers of neurons:
53+
- Outermost: Rods and cones.
54+
- Middle: Bipolar cells.
55+
- Innermost: Retinal ganglion cells.
56+
- Pathway: Ganglion cells → optic canal → middle cranial fossa → above the sella turcica forming the optic chiasm → nasal half fibers cross to the contralateral side, temporal half remains ipsilateral → form the optic tract → lateral geniculate nucleus → decussate → posterior limb of internal capsule → optic radiation → occipital visual cortex.
57+
- **Localization Diagnosis**:
58+
59+
| Affected Area | Clinical Presentation | Common Causes |
60+
|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
61+
| Optic nerve | Unilateral blindness, direct pupillary reflex (-), consensual reflex (+) | Optic neuritis, optic atrophy, tumor compression |
62+
| Optic chiasm | Bitemporal hemianopia | Pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, aneurysm |
63+
| Optic tract | Contralateral homonymous hemianopia in both eyes, direct pupillary reflex (-) on the affected side | Stroke, brain tumor, head trauma |
64+
| Optic radiation | Upper quadrantanopia if damaged in the parietal lobe, lower quadrantanopia if damaged in the temporal lobe | Stroke, brain tumor, head trauma |
65+
| Occipital visual center | Contralateral homonymous hemianopia, macular sparing, visual agnosia | Occipital infarction, occipital tumor, head trauma |
66+
67+
### Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves (Oculomotor Nerve, Trochlear Nerve, Abducens Nerve, 3, 4, 6)
68+
69+
- **Origins**:
70+
- Oculomotor: Oculomotor nucleus located below the aqueduct in the periaqueductal gray matter.
71+
- Trochlear: Originates from the trochlear nucleus in the inferior colliculus.
72+
- Abducens: Originates from the abducens nucleus in the midline of the pons.
73+
- The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves, through their innervated muscles, collectively control eye movements and various reflexes.
74+
- **Localization Diagnosis**:
75+
- **Ocular Muscle Paralysis and Diplopia**:
76+
- **Causes**: When the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nerves and their nuclei, or connecting fibers are diseased.
77+
78+
| Type | Ocular Muscle Paralysis | Description | Clinical Presentation | Possible Causes |
79+
|------------------------------|------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
80+
| Peripheral nerve paralysis | | | | |
81+
| ⤷ Oculomotor nerve paralysis | Motor fiber damage | Ptosis, paralysis of levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and inferior rectus; paralysis of the sphincter pupillae | Ptosis, restricted eye movement inward, upward, and downward, dilated pupil, loss of light reflex | Intracranial aneurysm, tuberculous meningitis |
82+
| ⤷ Trochlear nerve paralysis | Paralysis of the superior oblique muscle | Restricted downward and outward eye movement | Restricted downward and outward eye movement on the affected side, diplopia when looking down or descending stairs | - |
83+
| ⤷ Abducens nerve paralysis | Paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle | Esotropia, limited or no lateral eye movement | Esotropia, limited or no lateral eye movement on the affected side | Nasopharyngeal cancer intracranial infiltration, diabetes |
84+
| Nuclear paralysis | Brainstem lesion | Ocular motility disorder | Similar to peripheral ocular muscle paralysis, selective damage to individual nuclei, often accompanied by other brainstem lesions, can be bilateral | Brainstem lesion |
85+
| Internuclear paralysis | | | | |
86+
| ⤷ One-and-a-half syndrome | Pontine tegmental lesion | Horizontal gaze limitation | The affected eye cannot move medially or laterally; the contralateral eye cannot move medially but can move laterally with nystagmus | Pontine lesion |
87+
| Pupillary changes | | | | |
88+
| Pupillary phenomena | Pupillary size regulation | The oculomotor nerve parasympathetic fibers innervate the sphincter pupillae; postganglionic fibers from the cervical sympathetic ganglia innervate the dilator pupillae | Normal pupil diameter 3-4 mm in ordinary light; less than 2 mm is miosis, greater than 5 mm is mydriasis | Intracranial aneurysm compressing the oculomotor nerve; Horner's syndrome |
89+
90+
### Trigeminal Nerve (Trigeminal Nerve, 5)
91+
92+
- **Origin**: Pons trigeminal motor nucleus, exiting the brainstem ventrally, passing through the foramen ovale.
93+
- Mixed nerve:
94+
- Motor fibers innervate: Masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid, and tensor tympani muscles.
95+
- Sensory nerve participation:
96+
- Originating structure: Trigeminal ganglion located at the trigeminal impression on the petrous apex, containing pseudounipolar neurons, divided into three peripheral branches.
97+
- Distribution

‎i18n/en-US/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/note-obgyn/13-abnormal-labor.md

+27-1
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,5 +1,30 @@
11
---
22
sidebar_position: 13
3+
<<<<<<< HEAD
4+
sidebar_label: 'Abnormal Labor'
5+
---
6+
7+
:::warning
8+
This article is automatically translated and has not yet been reviewed by an expert!
9+
:::
10+
11+
# Abnormal Labor
12+
13+
## Etiology
14+
15+
- Abnormal contractions.
16+
- Abnormal birth canal.
17+
- Abnormal fetus.
18+
19+
## Clinical Presentation
20+
21+
- **Mother**:
22+
- Exhaustion.
23+
- Weak or excessive uterine contractions.
24+
- Cervical edema or slow progress.
25+
- Delayed or stalled descent of the presenting part.
26+
- **Fetus**:
27+
=======
328
sidebar_label: '异常分娩'
429
---
530

@@ -14,4 +39,5 @@ sidebar_label: '异常分娩'
1439
## 临床表现
1540

1641
- 母体：衰竭、子宫收缩乏力或过强、宫颈水肿或近停滞、胎先露延缓或停滞。
17-
- 胎儿：
42+
- 胎儿：
43+
>>>>>>> f6ce3e57488276103c6ff592b31c50f92744c88a

0 commit comments

Comments
 (0)