Auto merge of rust-lang#124294 - tspiteri:ilog-first-iter, r=the8472

Unroll first iteration of checked_ilog loop

This follows the optimization of rust-lang#115913. As shown in rust-lang#115913 (comment), the performance was improved in all important cases, but some regressions were introduced for the benchmarks `u32_log_random_small`, `u8_log_random` and `u8_log_random_small`.

Basically, rust-lang#115913 changed the implementation from one division per iteration to one multiplication per iteration plus one division. When there are zero iterations, this is a regression from zero divisions to one division.

This PR avoids this by avoiding the division if we need zero iterations by returning `Some(0)` early. It also reduces the number of multiplications by one in all other cases.

core/src/num/uint_macros.rs

@@ -1148,9 +1148,12 @@ macro_rules! uint_impl {
         pub const fn checked_ilog(self, base: Self) -> Option<u32> {
             if self <= 0 || base <= 1 {
                 None
+            } else if self < base {
+                Some(0)
             } else {
-                let mut n = 0;
-                let mut r = 1;
+                // Since base >= self, n >= 1
+                let mut n = 1;
+                let mut r = base;
 
                 // Optimization for 128 bit wide integers.
                 if Self::BITS == 128 {