diff --git a/cloudinit/config/cc_mounts.py b/cloudinit/config/cc_mounts.py
index 17dfbce1c45..b5396f5f7e0 100644
--- a/cloudinit/config/cc_mounts.py
+++ b/cloudinit/config/cc_mounts.py
@@ -406,13 +406,9 @@ def handle_swapcfg(swapcfg):
             LOG.warning(
                 "swap file %s exists. Error reading /proc/swaps", fname
             )
-            return fname
         except Exception as e:
             LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
-            LOG.warning(
-                "swap file %s exists. Error reading /proc/swaps", fname
-            )
-            return fname
+        return fname
 
     try:
         if isinstance(size, str) and size != "auto":
@@ -472,6 +468,7 @@ def handle(name: str, cfg: Config, cloud: Cloud, args: list) -> None:
                 util.logexc(
                     LOG, "Failed to parse devs from file %s", FSTAB_PATH
                 )
+                raise
 
     device_aliases = cfg.get("device_aliases", {})
 
diff --git a/cloudinit/config/cc_ssh_import_id.py b/cloudinit/config/cc_ssh_import_id.py
index 52cba0034ad..6900845882b 100644
--- a/cloudinit/config/cc_ssh_import_id.py
+++ b/cloudinit/config/cc_ssh_import_id.py
@@ -94,11 +94,6 @@ def handle(name: str, cfg: Config, cloud: Cloud, args: list) -> None:
         try:
             import_ids = util.uniq_merge(import_ids)
             import_ids = [str(i) for i in import_ids]
-        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
-            LOG.warning(
-                "User %s is not correctly configured for ssh_import_id", user
-            )
-            continue
         except Exception:
             util.logexc(LOG, "Unhandled configuration for user %s", user)
             continue
@@ -108,11 +103,6 @@ def handle(name: str, cfg: Config, cloud: Cloud, args: list) -> None:
 
         try:
             import_ssh_ids(import_ids, user)
-        except subp.ProcessExecutionError as exc:
-            util.logexc(
-                LOG, "ssh-import-id failed for: %s %s", user, import_ids
-            )
-            elist.append(exc)
         except Exception as exc:
             util.logexc(
                 LOG, "ssh-import-id failed for: %s %s", user, import_ids
diff --git a/cloudinit/config/modules.py b/cloudinit/config/modules.py
index f86a9ac3b17..5b565e57b69 100644
--- a/cloudinit/config/modules.py
+++ b/cloudinit/config/modules.py
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
     "cc_ubuntu_advantage": "cc_ubuntu_pro",  # Renamed 24.1
 }
 
+RunOutput = Tuple[List[str], List[Tuple[str, Exception]]]
+
 
 class ModuleDetails(NamedTuple):
     module: ModuleType
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ def _fixup_modules(self, raw_mods) -> List[ModuleDetails]:
 
     def _run_modules(
         self, mostly_mods: List[ModuleDetails]
-    ) -> Tuple[List[str], List[Tuple[str, Exception]]]:
+    ) -> RunOutput:
         cc = self.init.cloudify()
         # Return which ones ran
         # and which ones failed + the exception of why it failed
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ def _run_modules(
 
     def run_single(
         self, mod_name: str, args=None, freq=None
-    ) -> Tuple[List[str], List[Tuple[str, Exception]]]:
+    ) -> RunOutput:
         """Run a single module
 
         return: a tuple containing two lists:
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ def run_single(
 
     def run_section(
         self, section_name: str
-    ) -> Tuple[List[str], List[Tuple[str, Exception]]]:
+    ) -> RunOutput:
         """Runs all modules in the given section.
 
         section_name - One of the modules lists as defined in
diff --git a/cloudinit/handlers/jinja_template.py b/cloudinit/handlers/jinja_template.py
index d9e3c2e453f..b81259100ff 100644
--- a/cloudinit/handlers/jinja_template.py
+++ b/cloudinit/handlers/jinja_template.py
@@ -122,7 +122,10 @@ def render_jinja_payload_from_file(
             " '%s'. Try sudo" % instance_data_file
         )
         raise JinjaLoadError(msg) from e
-    except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+    except (OSError, ValueError, TypeError) as e:
+        raise JinjaLoadError("Loading Jinja instance data failed") from e
+    except Exception as e:
+        LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
         raise JinjaLoadError("Loading Jinja instance data failed") from e
 
     rendered_payload = render_jinja_payload(
diff --git a/cloudinit/sources/helpers/openstack.py b/cloudinit/sources/helpers/openstack.py
index d633a7be058..518ba6299f0 100644
--- a/cloudinit/sources/helpers/openstack.py
+++ b/cloudinit/sources/helpers/openstack.py
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def _find_working_version(self):
                 e,
             )
         except Exception as e:
-            LOG.warning("Unhandled exception")
+            LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
             LOG.debug(
                 "Unable to read openstack versions from %s due to: %s",
                 self.base_path,
@@ -317,6 +317,11 @@ def datafiles(version):
                 raise BrokenMetadata(
                     "Badly formatted metadata random_seed entry: %s" % e
                 ) from e
+            except Exception as e:
+                LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
+                raise BrokenMetadata(
+                    "Badly formatted metadata random_seed entry: %s" % e
+                ) from e
 
         # load any files that were provided
         files = {}
@@ -403,7 +408,12 @@ def _read_ec2_metadata(self):
         else:
             try:
                 return util.load_json(self._path_read(path))
-            except OSError as e:
+            except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+                raise BrokenMetadata(
+                    "Failed to process path %s: %s" % (path, e)
+                ) from e
+            except Exception as e:
+                LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
                 raise BrokenMetadata(
                     "Failed to process path %s: %s" % (path, e)
                 ) from e
diff --git a/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/config_custom_script.py b/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/config_custom_script.py
index c989f0f29c5..15c307e3fd8 100644
--- a/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/config_custom_script.py
+++ b/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/config_custom_script.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class CustomScriptNotFound(OSError):
+class CustomScriptNotFound(Exception):
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/guestcust_util.py b/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/guestcust_util.py
index f691607641d..8a459dd84b9 100644
--- a/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/guestcust_util.py
+++ b/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/guestcust_util.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def send_rpc(rpc):
         # Remove the trailing newline in the output.
         if out:
             out = out.rstrip()
-    except OSError as e:
+    except subp.ProcessExecutionError as e:
         logger.debug("Failed to send RPC command")
         logger.exception(e)
 
diff --git a/cloudinit/stages.py b/cloudinit/stages.py
index 855884e1a2d..f32ace2d8ab 100644
--- a/cloudinit/stages.py
+++ b/cloudinit/stages.py
@@ -477,7 +477,11 @@ def _reflect_cur_instance(self):
         try:
             previous_ds = util.load_text_file(ds_fn, quiet=True).strip()
         except OSError:
-            LOG.info("Couldn't load file %s", previous_ds)
+            pass
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            LOG.warning("Invalid previous datasource in file: %s", previous_ds)
+        except Exception as e:
+            LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
         if not previous_ds:
             previous_ds = ds
         util.write_file(ds_fn, "%s\n" % ds)
@@ -509,11 +513,15 @@ def previous_iid(self):
 
         dp = self.paths.get_cpath("data")
         iid_fn = os.path.join(dp, "instance-id")
+        self._previous_iid = NO_PREVIOUS_INSTANCE_ID
         try:
             self._previous_iid = util.load_text_file(iid_fn).strip()
         except OSError:
-            LOG.info("Couldn't load file %s", iid_fn)
-            self._previous_iid = NO_PREVIOUS_INSTANCE_ID
+            pass
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            LOG.warning("Invalid instance id in file: %s", iid_fn)
+        except Exception as e:
+            LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
 
         LOG.debug("previous iid found to be %s", self._previous_iid)
         return self._previous_iid
diff --git a/cloudinit/util.py b/cloudinit/util.py
index 4bab96a0b6e..3773a9ecb7b 100644
--- a/cloudinit/util.py
+++ b/cloudinit/util.py
@@ -1391,10 +1391,14 @@ def search_for_mirror(candidates):
 
     LOG.debug("search for mirror in candidates: '%s'", candidates)
     for cand in candidates:
-        with suppress(ValueError):
+        try:
             if is_resolvable_url(cand):
                 LOG.debug("found working mirror: '%s'", cand)
                 return cand
+        except ValueError:
+            LOG.debug("Failed to parse url: %s", cand)
+        except Exception as e:
+            LOG.warning("Unhandled exception: %s", e)
     return None