changelog.rst

.. highlight:: python .. currentmodule:: bottle

Release Notes

Release 0.14 (in development)

Removed APIs (deprecated since 0.13)

• Removed the RouteReset exception and associated logic.
• Removed the bottle.py console script entrypoint in favour of the new bottle script. You can still execute bottle.py directly or via python -m bottle. The only change is that the command installed by pip or similar tools into the bin/Scripts folder of the (virtual) environment is now called bottle to avoid circular import errors.

Changes

• bottle.HTTPError raised on Invalid JSON now include the underlying exception in their exception field.

Release 0.13

Warning

This release contains breaking changers, please read the notes below

Dropped support for Python versions that reached their end-of-life.

Bottle up to 0.12 supported an absurd range of Python versions (2.5 to 3.12) and keeping support for Python versions as ancient as 2.5 required a ton of workarounds and compromises, but served no real purpose. If you need support for older Python versions, you can stay on bottle 0.12. The updated list of tested and supported python releases is as follows:

• Python 2 >= 2.7.3
• Python 3 >= 3.8

Support for Python 2.5 was marked as deprecated since 0.12. We decided to go a step further and also remove support for 2.6 and 3.1 to 3.7 even if it was never deprecated explicitly in bottle. This means that this release is not backwards compatible in Python <2.7.3 or <3.8 environments. Maintainers for distributions or systems that still use these old python versions should not update to Bottle 0.13 and stick with 0.12 instead.

Stabilized APIs

• The documented API of the :class:`ConfigDict` class is now considered stable and ready to use.

Deprecated APIs

• Python 2 support is now deprecated and will be dropped with the next release.
• The command line executable installed along with bottle will be renamed from bottle.py to just bottle. You can still execute bottle directly as a script (e.g. ./bottle.py or python3 bottle.py) or as a module (via python3 -m bottle). Just the executable installed by your packaging tool (e.g. pip) into the bin folder of your (virtual) environment will change.
• The old route syntax (/hello/:name) is deprecated in favor of the more readable and flexible /hello/<name> syntax.
• :meth:`Bottle.mount` now recognizes Bottle instance and will warn about parameters that are not compatible with the new mounting behavior. The old behavior (mount applications as WSGI callable) still works and is used as a fallback automatically.
• The undocumented :func:`local_property` helper is now deprecated.
• The server adapter for google app engine is not useful anymore and marked as deprecated.
• Bottle uses pickle to store arbitrary objects into signed cookies. This is safe, as long as the signature key remains a secret. Unfortunately, people tend to push code with signature keys to github all the time, so we decided to remove pickle-support from bottle. Signed cookies will now issue a deprecation warning if the value is not a string, and support for non-string values will be removed in 0.14. The global :func:`cookie_encode`, :func:`cookie_decode` and :func:`is_cookie_encoded` are now also deprecated. If you are using this feature, think about using json to serialize your objects before storing them into cookies, or switch to a session system that stores data server-side instead of client-side.

Removed APIs (deprecated since 0.12)

• Plugins with the old API (api=1 or no api attribute) will no longer work.
• Parameter order of :meth:`Bottle.mount` changed in 0.10. The old order will now result in an error instead of a warning.
• The :class:`ConfigDict` class was introduced in 0.11 and changed during 0.12. These changes are now final.
  • Attribute access and assignment was removed due to high overhead and limited usability.
  • Namespaced sub-instance creation was removed. config["a"]["b"] has a high overhead and little benefit over config["a.b"].
  • :class:`ConfigDict` instances are no longer callable. This was a shortcut for :meth:`ConfigDict.update`.
  • :class:`ConfigDict` constructor no longer accepts any parameters. Use the load_* methods instead.
• Bottle 0.12 changed some aspects of the Simple Template Engine. These changes are now final and the old syntax will now longer work.
  • The magic {{rebase()}} call was replaced by a base variable. Example: {{base}}
  • In STPL Templates, the rebase and include keywords were replaced with functions in 0.12.
  • PEP-263 encoding strings are no longer recognized. Templates are always utf-8.
• The 'geventSocketIO' server adapter was removed without notice. It did not work anyway.

Changes

These changes might require special care when updating.

• Signed cookies now use a stronger HMAC algorithm by default. This will result in old cookies to appear invalid after the update. Pass an explicit digestmod=hashlib.md5 to :meth:`Request.get_cookie <BaseRequest.get_cookie>` and :meth:`Response.set_cookie <BaseResponse.set_cookie>` to get the old behavior.
• Bottle now ships with its own multipart form data parser (borrowed from multipart) and no longer relies on cgi.FieldStorage, which was removed in Python 3.13. This may change the way broken (non-standard) form submissions are parsed. The new parser is more strict and correct than ohe old one.
• Installing bottle with pip or similar tools will now install an additional command line executable named bottle into the bin folder of your (virtual) environment. This will replace the now deprecated bottle.py executable in a later release. See above.

Other Improvements

• :class:`Bottle` instances are now context managers. If used in a with-statement, the default application changes to the specific instance and the shortcuts for many instance methods can be used.
• Added support for PATCH requests and the :meth:`Bottle.patch` decorator.
• Added aiohttp and uvloop server adapters.
• Added command-line arguments for config from json or ini files.
• :meth:`Bottle.mount` now recognizes instances of :class:`Bottle` and mounts them with significantly less overhead than other WSGI applications.
• The :attr:`Request.json <BaseRequest.json>` property now accepts application/json-rpc requests.
• :func:`static_file` gained support for ETag headers. It will generate ETags and recognizes If-None-Match headers.
• :func:`static_file` will now guess the mime type of *.gz and other compressed files correctly (e.g. application/gzip) and NOT set the Content-Encoding header.
• Jinja2 templates will produce better error messages than before.

Release 0.12

• New SimpleTemplate parser implementation
  • Support for multi-line code blocks (<% ... %>).
  • The keywords include and rebase are functions now and can accept variable template names.
• The new :attr:`Request.route <BaseRequest.route>` property returns the :class:`Route` that originally matched the request.
• Removed the Request.MAX_PARAMS limit. The hash collision bug in CPythons dict() implementation was fixed over a year ago. If you are still using Python 2.5 in production, consider upgrading or at least make sure that you get security fixed from your distributor.
• New :class:`ConfigDict` API (see :doc:`configuration`)

More information can be found in this development blog post.

Release 0.11

• Native support for Python 2.x and 3.x syntax. No need to run 2to3 anymore.
• Support for partial downloads (Range header) in :func:`static_file`.
• The new :class:`ResourceManager` interface helps locating files bundled with an application.
• Added a server adapter for waitress.
• New :meth:`Bottle.merge` method to install all routes from one application into another.
• New :attr:`Request.app <BaseRequest.app>` property to get the application object that handles a request.
• Added :meth:`FormsDict.decode()` to get an all-unicode version (needed by WTForms).
• :class:`MultiDict` and subclasses are now pickle-able.

API Changes

• :attr:`Response.status <BaseResponse.status>` is a read-write property that can be assigned either a numeric status code or a status string with a reason phrase (200 OK). The return value is now a string to better match existing APIs (WebOb, werkzeug). To be absolutely clear, you can use the read-only properties :attr:`Response.status_code <BaseResponse.status_code>` and :attr:`Response.status_line <BaseResponse.status_line>`.

API Deprecations

• :class:`SimpleTALTemplate` is now deprecating. There seems to be no demand.

Release 0.10

• Plugin API v2
  • To use the new API, set :attr:`Plugin.api` to 2.
  • :meth:`Plugin.apply` receives a :class:`Route` object instead of a context dictionary as second parameter. The new object offers some additional information and may be extended in the future.
  • Plugin names are considered unique now. The topmost plugin with a given name on a given route is installed, all other plugins with the same name are silently ignored.
• The Request/Response Objects
  • Added :attr:`Request.json <BaseRequest.json>`, :attr:`Request.remote_route <BaseRequest.remote_route>`, :attr:`Request.remote_addr <BaseRequest.remote_addr>`, :attr:`Request.query <BaseRequest.query>` and :attr:`Request.script_name <BaseRequest.script_name>`.
  • Added :attr:`Response.status_line <BaseResponse.status_line>` and :attr:`Response.status_code <BaseResponse.status_code>` attributes. In future releases, :attr:`Response.status <BaseResponse.status>` will return a string (e.g. 200 OK) instead of an integer to match the API of other common frameworks. To make the transition as smooth as possible, you should use the verbose attributes from now on.
  • Replaced :class:`MultiDict` with a specialized :class:`FormsDict` in many places. The new dict implementation allows attribute access and handles unicode form values transparently.
• Templates
  • Added three new functions to the SimpleTemplate default namespace that handle undefined variables: :func:`stpl.defined`, :func:`stpl.get` and :func:`stpl.setdefault`.
  • The default escape function for SimpleTemplate now additionally escapes single and double quotes.
• Routing
  • A new route syntax (e.g. /object/<id:int>) and support for route wildcard filters.
  • Four new wildcard filters: int, float, path and re.
• Other changes
  • Added command line interface to load applications and start servers.
  • Introduced a :class:`ConfigDict` that makes accessing configuration a lot easier (attribute access and auto-expanding namespaces).
  • Added support for raw WSGI applications to :meth:`Bottle.mount`.
  • :meth:`Bottle.mount` parameter order changed.
  • :meth:`Bottle.route` now accepts an import string for the callback parameter.
  • Dropped Gunicorn 0.8 support. Current supported version is 0.13.
  • Added custom options to Gunicorn server.
  • Finally dropped support for type filters. Replace with a custom plugin of needed.

Release 0.9

Whats new?

• A brand new plugin-API. See :doc:`plugins/index` and :doc:`plugins/dev` for details.
• The :func:`route` decorator got a lot of new features. See :meth:`Bottle.route` for details.
• New server adapters for gevent, meinheld and bjoern.
• Support for SimpleTAL templates.
• Better runtime exception handling for mako templates in debug mode.
• Lots of documentation, fixes and small improvements.
• A new :data:`Request.urlparts <BaseRequest.urlparts>` property.

Performance improvements

• The :class:`Router` now special-cases wsgi.run_once environments to speed up CGI.
• Reduced module load time by ~30% and optimized template parser. See 8ccb2d, f72a7c and b14b9a for details.
• Support for "App Caching" on Google App Engine. See af93ec.
• Some of the rarely used or deprecated features are now plugins that avoid overhead if the feature is not used.

API changes

This release is mostly backward compatible, but some APIs are marked deprecated now and will be removed for the next release. Most noteworthy:

• The static route parameter is deprecated. You can escape wild-cards with a backslash.
• Type-based output filters are deprecated. They can easily be replaced with plugins.

Release 0.8

API changes

These changes may break compatibility with previous versions.

• The built-in Key/Value database is not available anymore. It is marked deprecated since 0.6.4
• The Route syntax and behaviour changed.
  • Regular expressions must be encapsulated with #. In 0.6 all non-alphanumeric characters not present in the regular expression were allowed.
  • Regular expressions not part of a route wildcard are escaped automatically. You don't have to escape dots or other regular control characters anymore. In 0.6 the whole URL was interpreted as a regular expression. You can use anonymous wildcards (/index:#(\.html)?#) to achieve a similar behaviour.
• The BreakTheBottle exception is gone. Use :class:`HTTPResponse` instead.
• The :class:`SimpleTemplate` engine escapes HTML special characters in {{bad_html}} expressions automatically. Use the new {{!good_html}} syntax to get old behaviour (no escaping).
• The :class:`SimpleTemplate` engine returns unicode strings instead of lists of byte strings.
• bottle.optimize() and the automatic route optimization is obsolete.
• Some functions and attributes were renamed:
  • :attr:`Request._environ <BaseRequest._environ>` is now :attr:`Request.environ <BaseRequest.environ>`
  • :attr:`Response.header <BaseResponse.header>` is now :attr:`Response.headers <BaseResponse.headers>`
  • :func:`default_app` is obsolete. Use :func:`app` instead.
• The default :func:`redirect` code changed from 307 to 303.
• Removed support for @default. Use @error(404) instead.

New features

This is an incomplete list of new features and improved functionality.

• The :class:`Request` object got new properties: :attr:`Request.body <BaseRequest.body>`, :attr:`Request.auth <BaseRequest.auth>`, :attr:`Request.url <BaseRequest.url>`, :attr:`Request.header <BaseRequest.header>`, :attr:`Request.forms <BaseRequest.forms>`, :attr:`Request.files <BaseRequest.files>`.
• The :meth:`Response.set_cookie <BaseResponse.set_cookie>` and :meth:`Request.get_cookie <BaseRequest.get_cookie>` methods are now able to encode and decode python objects. This is called a secure cookie because the encoded values are signed and protected from changes on client side. All pickle-able data structures are allowed.
• The new :class:`Router` class drastically improves performance for setups with lots of dynamic routes and supports named routes (named route + dict = URL string).
• It is now possible (and recommended) to return :exc:`HTTPError` and :exc:`HTTPResponse` instances or other exception objects instead of raising them.
• The new function :func:`static_file` equals :func:`send_file` but returns a :exc:`HTTPResponse` or :exc:`HTTPError` instead of raising it. :func:`send_file` is deprecated.
• New :func:`get`, :func:`post`, :func:`put` and :func:`delete` decorators.
• The :class:`SimpleTemplate` engine got full unicode support.
• Lots of non-critical bugfixes.