📎 Improve internal error reporting

[Conaclos]

Description

#2659 brought something to light for me: internal error reporting is uninformative for users and doesn't help them to understand the source of the issue or how to find a workaround.

Biome is a toolchain, a bug can come from any tool, and it is hard to tell without investment of the user.

It would be nice if we could specify which tool caused the error, and even in what unit of work (e.g. a rule for the linter), and the linted/formatted node - if any - (the queried node in the case of the linter).

Taking #2659 as an example.
Here is the current error:

Biome encountered an unexpected error

This is a bug in Biome, not an error in your code, and we would
appreciate it if you could report it to
https://github.com/biomejs/biome/issues/ along with the
following information to help us fixing the issue:

Source Location: crates/biome_js_semantic/src/semantic_model/scope.rs:115:33
Thread Name: biome::worker_0
Message: no entry found for key

types.ts internalError/panic  INTERNAL  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

✖ processing panicked: no entry found for key
  
⚠ This diagnostic was derived from an internal Biome error.
  Potential bug, please report it if necessary.

And here is an example of a better diagnostic:

types.ts internalError/panic  INTERNAL  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

✖ Biome encountered an internal error while linting the file with the
 rule suspicious/noRedeclare on the following code

    1 │
  > 2 │ type Element<T> = T extends Array<infer U> ? U : never
    3 │ 

ℹ This diagnostic was derived from the following internal Biome error:
 Source Location: crates/biome_js_semantic/src/semantic_model/scope.rs:115:33
 Thread Name: biome::worker_0
 Message: no entry found for key

ℹ This is a bug in Biome, not an error in your code, and we would
 appreciate it if you could report it to
 https://github.com/biomejs/biome/issues/

ℹ As a workaround try to disable the lint rule suspicious/noRedeclare
 or ignoring the file `types.ts`.

[ematipico]

Have you checked if it's technically possible to retrieve the information you'd like to see?

Those are panics generated by Rust, and we catch these panics with some simple hooks, which means that we might not have all the desired information you wished to see.

The only information we might be able to have, is the stack trace, however if it's not printed here, I doubt we have it.

[Conaclos]

Have you checked if it's technically possible to retrieve the information you'd like to see?

No, I haven't checked how to proceed, it's an invitation to investigate. Perhaps I should clarify the issue description.
Because we have a multi-threaded architecture, panics are isolated in threads? I wonder if we could get some data from the main thread.

The only information we might be able to have, is the stack trace, however if it's not printed here, I doubt we have it.

I was thinking of doing this to get some information such as the currently running linter rule.

[dyc3]

We can wrap evaluating rules with catch_unwind to catch panics, and that would allow us to surface the rule that was being evaluated. I'm not so sure about being able to surface the actual user code that resulted in the panic.

I could take a stab at implementing catch_unwind if that sounds like a good idea.

[ematipico]

We already have that.

https://github.com/biomejs/biome/blob/main/crates%2Fbiome_cli%2Fsrc%2Fexecute%2Ftraverse.rs#L594

[dyc3]

What if we did the catch_unwind somewhere around here, where the rule is being evaluated?

biome/crates/biome_analyze/src/registry.rs

Line 431 in 5088667

for result in R::run(&ctx) {

This function seems to have all the context we want in the new error messages.