chore: Bump karpenter version and upgrade golangci-lint

[AndrewMitchell25]

Fixes #N/A

Description
Bumps the karpenter version to include this fix. Also upgrades golangci-lint (similar to #8453).

How was this change tested?
make presubmit

Does this change impact docs?

• Yes, PR includes docs updates
• Yes, issue opened: #
• No

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 18176217206

Details

• 11 of 22 (50.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 12 files are covered.
• No unchanged relevant lines lost coverage.
• Overall coverage remained the same at 67.143%

---

Changes Missing Coverage	Covered Lines	Changed/Added Lines	%
test/pkg/environment/aws/metrics.go	0	1	0.0%
test/pkg/environment/aws/setup.go	0	1	0.0%
test/pkg/debug/node.go	0	2	0.0%
test/pkg/debug/nodeclaim.go	0	2	0.0%
test/pkg/debug/pod.go	0	2	0.0%
test/pkg/environment/aws/expectations.go	0	3	0.0%

Totals
Change from base Build 18023272218:	0.0%
Covered Lines:	6815
Relevant Lines:	10150

---

💛 - Coveralls

[jmdeal]

LGTM 🚀