diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
index 6cc6922c38660..f7f1f5b434bf4 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
@@ -604,6 +604,39 @@ impl Lock {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        // Normalize fork markers by round-tripping through simplify/complexify.
+        //
+        // During lockfile deserialization, `SimplifiedMarkerTree::into_marker`
+        // folds `requires-python` constraints back into the marker tree. For
+        // example, with `requires-python = ">=3.12"`, the resolver produces
+        // `sys_platform != 'win32'` but deserialization yields
+        // `python_full_version >= '3.12' and sys_platform != 'win32'`.
+        //
+        // Without this normalization, the `PartialEq` comparison between a
+        // freshly-resolved lock and one read from disk can report false
+        // differences (e.g., `--dry-run` showing changes when there are none).
+        let fork_markers = fork_markers
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|marker| {
+                let complexified = SimplifiedMarkerTree::new(&requires_python, marker.combined())
+                    .into_marker(&requires_python);
+                UniversalMarker::from_combined(complexified)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        for package in &mut packages {
+            package.fork_markers = package
+                .fork_markers
+                .iter()
+                .map(|marker| {
+                    let complexified =
+                        SimplifiedMarkerTree::new(&requires_python, marker.combined())
+                            .into_marker(&requires_python);
+                    UniversalMarker::from_combined(complexified)
+                })
+                .collect();
+        }
+
         let lock = Self {
             version,
             revision,
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs
index 22cdd752bc275..fe9aa57badfff 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/lock.rs
@@ -23670,6 +23670,62 @@ fn lock_dry_run_noop() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Regression test for <https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/16839>.
+///
+/// When a lockfile is deserialized, fork markers go through
+/// `SimplifiedMarkerTree::into_marker(&requires_python)`, which folds
+/// `requires-python` constraints back into the marker tree. For example, with
+/// `requires-python = ">=3.12"`, the resolver produces fork markers like
+/// `sys_platform != 'win32'`, but after the simplify/complexify round-trip
+/// during deserialization the same marker becomes
+/// `python_full_version >= '3.12' and sys_platform != 'win32'`.
+///
+/// Both are semantically equivalent given the project's `requires-python`
+/// bound, but `PartialEq` on the `Lock` struct sees them as different,
+/// causing `--dry-run --upgrade` to falsely report "Lockfile changes detected"
+/// when the lockfile was actually up-to-date.
+#[test]
+fn lock_dry_run_upgrade_multi_version() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = uv_test::test_context!("3.12");
+
+    let pyproject_toml = context.temp_dir.child("pyproject.toml");
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(
+        r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "project"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.12"
+        dependencies = [
+            "markupsafe<2 ; sys_platform != 'win32'",
+            "markupsafe==2.0.0 ; sys_platform == 'win32'",
+        ]
+        "#,
+    )?;
+
+    // Create the initial lockfile.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock(), @"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
+    ");
+
+    // Dry-run with --upgrade should report no changes.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock().arg("--dry-run").arg("-U"), @"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
+    No lockfile changes detected
+    ");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn lock_group_include() -> Result<()> {
     let context = uv_test::test_context!("3.12");