diff --git a/crates/uv-installer/src/plan.rs b/crates/uv-installer/src/plan.rs
index 616725fac591b..4659173f303a3 100644
--- a/crates/uv-installer/src/plan.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-installer/src/plan.rs
@@ -141,6 +141,24 @@ impl<'a> Planner<'a> {
                             }
                             RequirementSatisfaction::OutOfDate => {
                                 debug!("Requirement installed, but not fresh: {installed}");
+
+                                // If we made it here, something went wrong in the resolver, because it returned an
+                                // already-installed distribution that we "shouldn't" use. Typically, this means the
+                                // distribution was considered out-of-date, but in a way that the resolver didn't
+                                // detect, and is indicative of drift between the resolver's candidate selector and
+                                // the install plan. For example, at present, the resolver doesn't check that an
+                                // installed distribution was built with the expected build settings. Treat it as
+                                // up-to-date for now; it's just means we may not rebuild a package when we otherwise
+                                // should. This is a known issue, but should only affect the `uv pip` CLI, as the
+                                // project APIs never return installed distributions during resolution (i.e., the
+                                // resolver is stateless).
+                                // TODO(charlie): Incorporate these checks into the resolver.
+                                if matches!(dist, ResolvedDist::Installed { .. }) {
+                                    warn!(
+                                        "Installed distribution was considered out-of-date, but returned by the resolver: {dist}"
+                                    );
+                                    continue;
+                                }
                             }
                             RequirementSatisfaction::CacheInvalid => {
                                 // Already logged
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_install.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_install.rs
index fa33574068a70..af6c4aee8ea9f 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_install.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/pip_install.rs
@@ -12583,3 +12583,70 @@ fn overlapping_packages_warning() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// See: <https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/15386>
+#[test]
+fn transitive_dependency_config_settings_invalidation() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Create a local package named `idna`.
+    context
+        .temp_dir
+        .child("idna")
+        .child("pyproject.toml")
+        .write_str(indoc! {
+            r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "idna"
+        version = "3.6"
+
+        [build-system]
+        requires = ["hatchling"]
+        build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+        "#
+        })?;
+    context
+        .temp_dir
+        .child("idna")
+        .child("src")
+        .child("idna")
+        .child("__init__.py")
+        .touch()?;
+
+    // Install the local `idna` package.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.pip_install()
+        .arg(context.temp_dir.child("idna").path()),  @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + idna==3.6 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/idna)
+    "
+    );
+
+    // Install a package that depends on `idna`, with a `--config-settings` value.
+    //
+    // This "should" rebuild `idna`, but for now, we reuse the "stale" distribution. Prior to
+    // https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/15389, this would panic.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.pip_install()
+        .arg("anyio")
+        .arg("--config-settings=foo=bar"),  @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared 2 packages in [TIME]
+    Installed 2 packages in [TIME]
+     + anyio==4.3.0
+     + sniffio==1.3.1
+    "
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}