diff --git a/crates/uv-bench/benches/uv.rs b/crates/uv-bench/benches/uv.rs
index 8adfd5a0e7990..0ccd536b64ea5 100644
--- a/crates/uv-bench/benches/uv.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-bench/benches/uv.rs
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ mod resolver {
     use uv_pypi_types::{Conflicts, ResolverMarkerEnvironment};
     use uv_python::Interpreter;
     use uv_resolver::{
-        ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, InMemoryIndex, Manifest, OptionsBuilder, PythonRequirement,
-        Resolver, ResolverEnvironment, ResolverOutput,
+        ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, InMemoryIndex, Manifest, OptionsBuilder, Preferences,
+        PythonRequirement, Resolver, ResolverEnvironment, ResolverOutput,
     };
     use uv_types::{BuildIsolation, EmptyInstalledPackages, HashStrategy};
     use uv_workspace::WorkspaceCache;
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ mod resolver {
             workspace_cache,
             concurrency,
             Preview::default(),
+            Preferences::default(),
         );
 
         let markers = if universal {
diff --git a/crates/uv-cli/src/options.rs b/crates/uv-cli/src/options.rs
index c5f94de1b8390..24ffd9093f768 100644
--- a/crates/uv-cli/src/options.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-cli/src/options.rs
@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ pub fn resolver_options(
         no_binary: flag(no_binary, binary, "binary"),
         no_binary_package: Some(no_binary_package),
         no_sources: if no_sources { Some(true) } else { None },
+        build_dependency_strategy: None,
     }
 }
 
@@ -492,5 +493,6 @@ pub fn resolver_installer_options(
             Some(no_binary_package)
         },
         no_sources: if no_sources { Some(true) } else { None },
+        build_dependency_strategy: None,
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/uv-configuration/src/build_dependency_strategy.rs b/crates/uv-configuration/src/build_dependency_strategy.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..28967e414ea85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/build_dependency_strategy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields, rename_all = "kebab-case")]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "clap", derive(clap::ValueEnum))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
+pub enum BuildDependencyStrategy {
+    /// Use the latest compatible version of each build dependency.
+    #[default]
+    Latest,
+    /// Prefer the versions pinned in the lockfile, if available.
+    PreferLocked,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for BuildDependencyStrategy {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Latest => write!(f, "latest"),
+            Self::PreferLocked => write!(f, "prefer-locked"),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/uv-configuration/src/lib.rs b/crates/uv-configuration/src/lib.rs
index ffc15c2d3ebad..158c64255e2da 100644
--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub use authentication::*;
+pub use build_dependency_strategy::*;
 pub use build_options::*;
 pub use concurrency::*;
 pub use config_settings::*;
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ pub use trusted_publishing::*;
 pub use vcs::*;
 
 mod authentication;
+mod build_dependency_strategy;
 mod build_options;
 mod concurrency;
 mod config_settings;
diff --git a/crates/uv-configuration/src/preview.rs b/crates/uv-configuration/src/preview.rs
index c8d67be5bf424..a3e2f4ee2a298 100644
--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/preview.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/preview.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ bitflags::bitflags! {
         const JSON_OUTPUT = 1 << 2;
         const PYLOCK = 1 << 3;
         const ADD_BOUNDS = 1 << 4;
+        const PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS = 1 << 5;
     }
 }
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ impl PreviewFeatures {
             Self::JSON_OUTPUT => "json-output",
             Self::PYLOCK => "pylock",
             Self::ADD_BOUNDS => "add-bounds",
+            Self::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS => "prefer-locked-builds",
             _ => panic!("`flag_as_str` can only be used for exactly one feature flag"),
         }
     }
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ impl FromStr for PreviewFeatures {
                 "json-output" => Self::JSON_OUTPUT,
                 "pylock" => Self::PYLOCK,
                 "add-bounds" => Self::ADD_BOUNDS,
+                "prefer-locked-builds" => Self::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS,
                 _ => {
                     warn_user_once!("Unknown preview feature: `{part}`");
                     continue;
@@ -232,6 +235,10 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(PreviewFeatures::JSON_OUTPUT.flag_as_str(), "json-output");
         assert_eq!(PreviewFeatures::PYLOCK.flag_as_str(), "pylock");
         assert_eq!(PreviewFeatures::ADD_BOUNDS.flag_as_str(), "add-bounds");
+        assert_eq!(
+            PreviewFeatures::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS.flag_as_str(),
+            "prefer-locked-builds"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/uv-dispatch/src/lib.rs b/crates/uv-dispatch/src/lib.rs
index 5d0adb47b2ca6..4c548cf793495 100644
--- a/crates/uv-dispatch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-dispatch/src/lib.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use uv_installer::{Installer, Plan, Planner, Preparer, SitePackages};
 use uv_pypi_types::Conflicts;
 use uv_python::{Interpreter, PythonEnvironment};
 use uv_resolver::{
-    ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, Flexibility, InMemoryIndex, Manifest, OptionsBuilder,
+    ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, Flexibility, InMemoryIndex, Manifest, OptionsBuilder, Preferences,
     PythonRequirement, Resolver, ResolverEnvironment,
 };
 use uv_types::{
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ pub struct BuildDispatch<'a> {
     workspace_cache: WorkspaceCache,
     concurrency: Concurrency,
     preview: Preview,
+    preferences: Preferences,
 }
 
 impl<'a> BuildDispatch<'a> {
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ impl<'a> BuildDispatch<'a> {
         workspace_cache: WorkspaceCache,
         concurrency: Concurrency,
         preview: Preview,
+        preferences: Preferences,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             client,
@@ -148,6 +150,7 @@ impl<'a> BuildDispatch<'a> {
             workspace_cache,
             concurrency,
             preview,
+            preferences,
         }
     }
 
@@ -229,7 +232,9 @@ impl BuildContext for BuildDispatch<'_> {
         let tags = self.interpreter.tags()?;
 
         let resolver = Resolver::new(
-            Manifest::simple(requirements.to_vec()).with_constraints(self.constraints.clone()),
+            Manifest::simple(requirements.to_vec())
+                .with_constraints(self.constraints.clone())
+                .with_preferences(self.preferences.clone()),
             OptionsBuilder::new()
                 .exclude_newer(self.exclude_newer.clone())
                 .index_strategy(self.index_strategy)
diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/manifest.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/manifest.rs
index 6533a3aab80ff..ec6d5941018b0 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/manifest.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/manifest.rs
@@ -92,6 +92,12 @@ impl Manifest {
         self
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_preferences(mut self, preferences: Preferences) -> Self {
+        self.preferences = preferences;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Return an iterator over all requirements, constraints, and overrides, in priority order,
     /// such that requirements come first, followed by constraints, followed by overrides.
     ///
diff --git a/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs b/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs
index a2d78e7b11bf4..ce74bd63a2d5f 100644
--- a/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-settings/src/combine.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use url::Url;
 
 use uv_configuration::{
-    ConfigSettings, ExportFormat, IndexStrategy, KeyringProviderType, PackageConfigSettings,
-    RequiredVersion, TargetTriple, TrustedPublishing,
+    BuildDependencyStrategy, ConfigSettings, ExportFormat, IndexStrategy, KeyringProviderType,
+    PackageConfigSettings, RequiredVersion, TargetTriple, TrustedPublishing,
 };
 use uv_distribution_types::{Index, IndexUrl, PipExtraIndex, PipFindLinks, PipIndex};
 use uv_install_wheel::LinkMode;
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_combine_or {
 
 impl_combine_or!(AddBoundsKind);
 impl_combine_or!(AnnotationStyle);
+impl_combine_or!(BuildDependencyStrategy);
 impl_combine_or!(ExcludeNewer);
 impl_combine_or!(ExcludeNewerTimestamp);
 impl_combine_or!(ExportFormat);
diff --git a/crates/uv-settings/src/lib.rs b/crates/uv-settings/src/lib.rs
index f8385d0066274..1ebe802fc3f23 100644
--- a/crates/uv-settings/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-settings/src/lib.rs
@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@ fn warn_uv_toml_masked_fields(options: &Options) {
                 no_build_package,
                 no_binary,
                 no_binary_package,
+                build_dependency_strategy: _,
             },
         install_mirrors:
             PythonInstallMirrors {
diff --git a/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs b/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
index 6062d5d0eb91f..da1dc193ff233 100644
--- a/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use uv_cache_info::CacheKey;
 use uv_configuration::{
-    ConfigSettings, IndexStrategy, KeyringProviderType, PackageConfigSettings,
-    PackageNameSpecifier, RequiredVersion, TargetTriple, TrustedHost, TrustedPublishing,
+    BuildDependencyStrategy, ConfigSettings, IndexStrategy, KeyringProviderType,
+    PackageConfigSettings, PackageNameSpecifier, RequiredVersion, TargetTriple, TrustedHost,
+    TrustedPublishing,
 };
 use uv_distribution_types::{
     Index, IndexUrl, IndexUrlError, PipExtraIndex, PipFindLinks, PipIndex, StaticMetadata,
@@ -377,6 +378,7 @@ pub struct ResolverOptions {
     pub no_build_isolation: Option<bool>,
     pub no_build_isolation_package: Option<Vec<PackageName>>,
     pub no_sources: Option<bool>,
+    pub build_dependency_strategy: Option<BuildDependencyStrategy>,
 }
 
 /// Shared settings, relevant to all operations that must resolve and install dependencies. The
@@ -513,6 +515,25 @@ pub struct ResolverInstallerOptions {
         "#
     )]
     pub keyring_provider: Option<KeyringProviderType>,
+    /// The strategy to use when resolving build dependencies for source distributions.
+    ///
+    /// - `latest`: Use the latest compatible version of each build dependency.
+    /// - `prefer-locked`: Prefer the versions pinned in the lockfile, if available.
+    ///
+    /// When set to `prefer-locked`, uv will use the locked versions of packages specified in the
+    /// lockfile as preferences when resolving build dependencies during source builds, such that
+    /// the locked version of a package will be used as long as it doesn't conflict with version
+    /// constraints declared by the package being built. This helps ensure that build environments
+    /// are consistent with the project's resolved dependencies.
+    #[option(
+        default = "\"latest\"",
+        value_type = "str",
+        example = r#"
+            build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+        "#,
+        possible_values = true
+    )]
+    pub build_dependency_strategy: Option<BuildDependencyStrategy>,
     /// The strategy to use when selecting between the different compatible versions for a given
     /// package requirement.
     ///
@@ -1720,6 +1741,7 @@ impl From<ResolverInstallerOptions> for ResolverOptions {
             no_build_isolation: value.no_build_isolation,
             no_build_isolation_package: value.no_build_isolation_package,
             no_sources: value.no_sources,
+            build_dependency_strategy: value.build_dependency_strategy,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1857,6 +1879,7 @@ impl From<ToolOptions> for ResolverInstallerOptions {
             no_build_package: value.no_build_package,
             no_binary: value.no_binary,
             no_binary_package: value.no_binary_package,
+            build_dependency_strategy: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1911,6 +1934,7 @@ pub struct OptionsWire {
     no_build_package: Option<Vec<PackageName>>,
     no_binary: Option<bool>,
     no_binary_package: Option<Vec<PackageName>>,
+    build_dependency_strategy: Option<BuildDependencyStrategy>,
 
     // #[serde(flatten)]
     // install_mirror: PythonInstallMirrors,
@@ -2002,6 +2026,7 @@ impl From<OptionsWire> for Options {
             no_build_package,
             no_binary,
             no_binary_package,
+            build_dependency_strategy,
             pip,
             cache_keys,
             override_dependencies,
@@ -2049,6 +2074,7 @@ impl From<OptionsWire> for Options {
                 find_links,
                 index_strategy,
                 keyring_provider,
+                build_dependency_strategy,
                 resolution,
                 prerelease,
                 fork_strategy,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
index 78e27e9753bfd..38cf665dbc5a0 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use uv_python::{
     VersionRequest,
 };
 use uv_requirements::RequirementsSource;
-use uv_resolver::{ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex};
+use uv_resolver::{ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, Preferences};
 use uv_settings::PythonInstallMirrors;
 use uv_types::{AnyErrorBuild, BuildContext, BuildIsolation, BuildStack, HashStrategy};
 use uv_workspace::{DiscoveryOptions, Workspace, WorkspaceCache, WorkspaceError};
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ async fn build_impl(
         upgrade: _,
         build_options,
         sources,
+        build_dependency_strategy: _,
     } = settings;
 
     let client_builder = BaseClientBuilder::default()
@@ -581,6 +582,7 @@ async fn build_package(
         workspace_cache,
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     prepare_output_directory(&output_dir).await?;
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs
index dba91e106f6ae..29538f31a8363 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ use uv_requirements::{
 };
 use uv_resolver::{
     AnnotationStyle, DependencyMode, DisplayResolutionGraph, ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, ForkStrategy,
-    InMemoryIndex, OptionsBuilder, PrereleaseMode, PylockToml, PythonRequirement, ResolutionMode,
-    ResolverEnvironment,
+    InMemoryIndex, OptionsBuilder, Preferences, PrereleaseMode, PylockToml, PythonRequirement,
+    ResolutionMode, ResolverEnvironment,
 };
 use uv_torch::{TorchMode, TorchStrategy};
 use uv_types::{BuildIsolation, EmptyInstalledPackages, HashStrategy};
@@ -490,6 +490,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn pip_compile(
         WorkspaceCache::default(),
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     let options = OptionsBuilder::new()
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs
index 39092d03fa170..3db324d82ef86 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ use uv_python::{
 };
 use uv_requirements::{GroupsSpecification, RequirementsSource, RequirementsSpecification};
 use uv_resolver::{
-    DependencyMode, ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, OptionsBuilder, PrereleaseMode, PylockToml,
-    PythonRequirement, ResolutionMode, ResolverEnvironment,
+    DependencyMode, ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, OptionsBuilder, Preferences, PrereleaseMode,
+    PylockToml, PythonRequirement, ResolutionMode, ResolverEnvironment,
 };
 use uv_torch::{TorchMode, TorchStrategy};
 use uv_types::{BuildIsolation, HashStrategy};
@@ -434,6 +434,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn pip_install(
         WorkspaceCache::default(),
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     let (resolution, hasher) = if let Some(pylock) = pylock {
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/sync.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/sync.rs
index 9e8943d64e673..67ded42a22743 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/sync.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/sync.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ use uv_python::{
 };
 use uv_requirements::{GroupsSpecification, RequirementsSource, RequirementsSpecification};
 use uv_resolver::{
-    DependencyMode, ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, OptionsBuilder, PrereleaseMode, PylockToml,
-    PythonRequirement, ResolutionMode, ResolverEnvironment,
+    DependencyMode, ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, OptionsBuilder, Preferences, PrereleaseMode,
+    PylockToml, PythonRequirement, ResolutionMode, ResolverEnvironment,
 };
 use uv_torch::{TorchMode, TorchStrategy};
 use uv_types::{BuildIsolation, HashStrategy};
@@ -369,6 +369,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn pip_sync(
         WorkspaceCache::default(),
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     // Determine the set of installed packages.
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs
index 45727b53e7478..0943bba16878f 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ use uv_cache::Cache;
 use uv_cache_key::RepositoryUrl;
 use uv_client::{BaseClientBuilder, FlatIndexClient, RegistryClientBuilder};
 use uv_configuration::{
-    Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroups, DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DevMode, DryRun,
-    EditableMode, ExtrasSpecification, ExtrasSpecificationWithDefaults, InstallOptions, Preview,
-    PreviewFeatures, SourceStrategy,
+    BuildDependencyStrategy, Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroups,
+    DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DevMode, DryRun, EditableMode, ExtrasSpecification,
+    ExtrasSpecificationWithDefaults, InstallOptions, Preview, PreviewFeatures, SourceStrategy,
 };
 use uv_dispatch::BuildDispatch;
 use uv_distribution::DistributionDatabase;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use uv_distribution_types::{
     Index, IndexName, IndexUrl, IndexUrls, NameRequirementSpecification, Requirement,
     RequirementSource, UnresolvedRequirement, VersionId,
 };
-use uv_fs::{LockedFile, Simplified};
+use uv_fs::{CWD, LockedFile, Simplified};
 use uv_git::GIT_STORE;
 use uv_git_types::GitReference;
 use uv_normalize::{DEV_DEPENDENCIES, DefaultExtras, DefaultGroups, PackageName};
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use uv_pypi_types::{ParsedUrl, VerbatimParsedUrl};
 use uv_python::{Interpreter, PythonDownloads, PythonEnvironment, PythonPreference, PythonRequest};
 use uv_redacted::DisplaySafeUrl;
 use uv_requirements::{NamedRequirementsResolver, RequirementsSource, RequirementsSpecification};
-use uv_resolver::FlatIndex;
+use uv_resolver::{FlatIndex, Preference, Preferences, ResolverEnvironment};
 use uv_scripts::{Pep723ItemRef, Pep723Metadata, Pep723Script};
 use uv_settings::PythonInstallMirrors;
 use uv_types::{BuildIsolation, HashStrategy};
@@ -427,6 +427,35 @@ pub(crate) async fn add(
                 FlatIndex::from_entries(entries, None, &hasher, &settings.resolver.build_options)
             };
 
+            // Load preferences from the existing lockfile if available and if configured to do so.
+            let preferences = match settings.resolver.build_dependency_strategy {
+                BuildDependencyStrategy::PreferLocked => {
+                    if !preview.is_enabled(PreviewFeatures::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS) {
+                        warn_user_once!(
+                            "The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features {}` to disable this warning.",
+                            PreviewFeatures::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS
+                        );
+                    }
+                    if let Ok(Some(lock)) = LockTarget::from(&target).read().await {
+                        Preferences::from_iter(
+                            lock.packages()
+                                .iter()
+                                .filter_map(|package| {
+                                    Preference::from_lock(package, target.install_path())
+                                        .transpose()
+                                })
+                                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+                            &ResolverEnvironment::specific(
+                                target.interpreter().markers().clone().into(),
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        Preferences::default()
+                    }
+                }
+                BuildDependencyStrategy::Latest => Preferences::default(),
+            };
+
             // Create a build dispatch.
             let build_dispatch = BuildDispatch::new(
                 &client,
@@ -450,6 +479,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn add(
                 WorkspaceCache::default(),
                 concurrency,
                 preview,
+                preferences,
             );
 
             requirements.extend(
@@ -1318,6 +1348,14 @@ impl AddTarget {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Return the parent path of the target.
+    pub(crate) fn install_path(&self) -> &Path {
+        match self {
+            Self::Script(script, _) => script.path.parent().unwrap_or(&*CWD),
+            Self::Project(project, _) => project.root(),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Write the updated content to the target.
     ///
     /// Returns `true` if the content was modified.
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs
index fd9536b64855a..6d3214a251f49 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ use tracing::debug;
 use uv_cache::Cache;
 use uv_client::{BaseClientBuilder, FlatIndexClient, RegistryClientBuilder};
 use uv_configuration::{
-    Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DryRun, ExtrasSpecification, Preview,
-    Reinstall, Upgrade,
+    BuildDependencyStrategy, Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DryRun,
+    ExtrasSpecification, Preview, PreviewFeatures, Reinstall, Upgrade,
 };
 use uv_dispatch::BuildDispatch;
 use uv_distribution::DistributionDatabase;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use uv_python::{Interpreter, PythonDownloads, PythonEnvironment, PythonPreferenc
 use uv_requirements::ExtrasResolver;
 use uv_requirements::upgrade::{LockedRequirements, read_lock_requirements};
 use uv_resolver::{
-    FlatIndex, InMemoryIndex, Lock, Options, OptionsBuilder, PythonRequirement,
+    FlatIndex, InMemoryIndex, Lock, Options, OptionsBuilder, Preferences, PythonRequirement,
     ResolverEnvironment, ResolverManifest, SatisfiesResult, UniversalMarker,
 };
 use uv_scripts::{Pep723ItemRef, Pep723Script};
@@ -440,8 +440,19 @@ async fn do_lock(
         upgrade,
         build_options,
         sources,
+        build_dependency_strategy,
     } = settings;
 
+    // Warn if using build-dependency-strategy without preview
+    if *build_dependency_strategy == BuildDependencyStrategy::PreferLocked
+        && !preview.is_enabled(PreviewFeatures::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS)
+    {
+        warn_user_once!(
+            "The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features {}` to disable this warning.",
+            PreviewFeatures::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS
+        );
+    }
+
     // Collect the requirements, etc.
     let members = target.members();
     let packages = target.packages();
@@ -663,6 +674,26 @@ async fn do_lock(
         FlatIndex::from_entries(entries, None, &hasher, build_options)
     };
 
+    // Extract preferences and git refs from the existing lockfile if available for build dispatch.
+    // We extract preferences before validation because validation may need to build source
+    // distributions to get their metadata, and those builds should use the lockfile's preferences
+    // for accuracy. While the lockfile hasn't been validated yet, using its preferences is still
+    // better than using defaults, as most lockfiles are valid and this gives more accurate results.
+    let preferences = match build_dependency_strategy {
+        BuildDependencyStrategy::PreferLocked => existing_lock
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|existing_lock| -> Result<Preferences, ProjectError> {
+                Ok(Preferences::from_iter(
+                    read_lock_requirements(existing_lock, target.install_path(), upgrade)?
+                        .preferences,
+                    &ResolverEnvironment::universal(vec![]),
+                ))
+            })
+            .transpose()?
+            .unwrap_or_default(),
+        BuildDependencyStrategy::Latest => Preferences::default(),
+    };
+
     // Create a build dispatch.
     let build_dispatch = BuildDispatch::new(
         &client,
@@ -685,6 +716,7 @@ async fn do_lock(
         workspace_cache.clone(),
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        preferences,
     );
 
     let database = DistributionDatabase::new(&client, &build_dispatch, concurrency.downloads);
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
index 052d41beaa265..095711a53b715 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ use uv_python::{
 use uv_requirements::upgrade::{LockedRequirements, read_lock_requirements};
 use uv_requirements::{NamedRequirementsResolver, RequirementsSpecification};
 use uv_resolver::{
-    FlatIndex, Lock, OptionsBuilder, Preference, PythonRequirement, ResolverEnvironment,
-    ResolverOutput,
+    FlatIndex, Lock, OptionsBuilder, Preference, Preferences, PythonRequirement,
+    ResolverEnvironment, ResolverOutput,
 };
 use uv_scripts::Pep723ItemRef;
 use uv_settings::PythonInstallMirrors;
@@ -1696,6 +1696,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_names(
                 resolution: _,
                 sources,
                 upgrade: _,
+                build_dependency_strategy: _,
             },
         compile_bytecode: _,
         reinstall: _,
@@ -1761,6 +1762,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_names(
         workspace_cache.clone(),
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     // Resolve the unnamed requirements.
@@ -1850,6 +1852,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_environment(
         upgrade: _,
         build_options,
         sources,
+        build_dependency_strategy: _,
     } = settings;
 
     // Respect all requirements from the provided sources.
@@ -1969,6 +1972,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_environment(
         workspace_cache,
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     // Resolve the requirements.
@@ -2034,6 +2038,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync_environment(
         reinstall,
         build_options,
         sources,
+        build_dependency_strategy: _,
     } = settings;
 
     let client_builder = BaseClientBuilder::new()
@@ -2107,6 +2112,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync_environment(
         workspace_cache,
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     // Sync the environment.
@@ -2198,6 +2204,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_environment(
                 resolution,
                 sources,
                 upgrade,
+                build_dependency_strategy: _,
             },
         compile_bytecode,
         reinstall,
@@ -2331,6 +2338,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_environment(
         workspace_cache,
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        Preferences::default(),
     );
 
     // Resolve the requirements.
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
index 197fbc3433904..e83021351bfb7 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ use uv_cache::Cache;
 use uv_cli::SyncFormat;
 use uv_client::{BaseClientBuilder, FlatIndexClient, RegistryClientBuilder};
 use uv_configuration::{
-    Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroups, DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DryRun, EditableMode,
-    ExtrasSpecification, ExtrasSpecificationWithDefaults, HashCheckingMode, InstallOptions,
-    Preview, PreviewFeatures, TargetTriple,
+    BuildDependencyStrategy, Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroups,
+    DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DryRun, EditableMode, ExtrasSpecification,
+    ExtrasSpecificationWithDefaults, HashCheckingMode, InstallOptions, Preview, PreviewFeatures,
+    TargetTriple,
 };
 use uv_dispatch::BuildDispatch;
 use uv_distribution_types::{
@@ -26,11 +27,11 @@ use uv_normalize::{DefaultExtras, DefaultGroups, PackageName};
 use uv_pep508::{MarkerTree, VersionOrUrl};
 use uv_pypi_types::{ParsedArchiveUrl, ParsedGitUrl, ParsedUrl};
 use uv_python::{PythonDownloads, PythonEnvironment, PythonPreference, PythonRequest};
-use uv_resolver::{FlatIndex, Installable, Lock};
+use uv_resolver::{FlatIndex, Installable, Lock, Preference, Preferences, ResolverEnvironment};
 use uv_scripts::{Pep723ItemRef, Pep723Script};
 use uv_settings::PythonInstallMirrors;
 use uv_types::{BuildIsolation, HashStrategy};
-use uv_warnings::warn_user;
+use uv_warnings::{warn_user, warn_user_once};
 use uv_workspace::pyproject::Source;
 use uv_workspace::{DiscoveryOptions, MemberDiscovery, VirtualProject, Workspace, WorkspaceCache};
 
@@ -585,6 +586,7 @@ pub(super) async fn do_sync(
         reinstall,
         build_options,
         sources,
+        build_dependency_strategy,
     } = settings;
 
     let client_builder = BaseClientBuilder::new()
@@ -701,6 +703,29 @@ pub(super) async fn do_sync(
         FlatIndex::from_entries(entries, Some(&tags), &hasher, build_options)
     };
 
+    let preferences = match build_dependency_strategy {
+        BuildDependencyStrategy::PreferLocked => {
+            if !preview.is_enabled(PreviewFeatures::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS) {
+                warn_user_once!(
+                    "The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features {}` to disable this warning.",
+                    PreviewFeatures::PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS
+                );
+            }
+            Preferences::from_iter(
+                target
+                    .lock()
+                    .packages()
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|package| {
+                        Preference::from_lock(package, target.install_path()).transpose()
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+                &ResolverEnvironment::specific(marker_env.clone()),
+            )
+        }
+        BuildDependencyStrategy::Latest => Preferences::default(),
+    };
+
     // Create a build dispatch.
     let build_dispatch = BuildDispatch::new(
         &client,
@@ -723,6 +748,7 @@ pub(super) async fn do_sync(
         workspace_cache.clone(),
         concurrency,
         preview,
+        preferences,
     );
 
     let site_packages = SitePackages::from_environment(venv)?;
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs
index 1d594bd53907c..521bf188e9e50 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn tree(
                 upgrade: _,
                 build_options: _,
                 sources: _,
+                build_dependency_strategy: _,
             } = &settings;
 
             let capabilities = IndexCapabilities::default();
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/venv.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/venv.rs
index f391ef49904d3..f673779ed9afa 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/venv.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/venv.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use uv_normalize::DefaultGroups;
 use uv_python::{
     EnvironmentPreference, PythonDownloads, PythonInstallation, PythonPreference, PythonRequest,
 };
-use uv_resolver::{ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex};
+use uv_resolver::{ExcludeNewer, FlatIndex, Preferences};
 use uv_settings::PythonInstallMirrors;
 use uv_shell::{Shell, shlex_posix, shlex_windows};
 use uv_types::{AnyErrorBuild, BuildContext, BuildIsolation, BuildStack, HashStrategy};
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn venv(
             workspace_cache,
             concurrency,
             preview,
+            Preferences::default(),
         );
 
         // Resolve the seed packages.
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/settings.rs b/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
index bc09e8257f18b..60b6542e91710 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ use uv_cli::{
 };
 use uv_client::Connectivity;
 use uv_configuration::{
-    BuildOptions, Concurrency, ConfigSettings, DependencyGroups, DryRun, EditableMode,
-    ExportFormat, ExtrasSpecification, HashCheckingMode, IndexStrategy, InstallOptions,
-    KeyringProviderType, NoBinary, NoBuild, PackageConfigSettings, Preview, ProjectBuildBackend,
-    Reinstall, RequiredVersion, SourceStrategy, TargetTriple, TrustedHost, TrustedPublishing,
-    Upgrade, VersionControlSystem,
+    BuildDependencyStrategy, BuildOptions, Concurrency, ConfigSettings, DependencyGroups, DryRun,
+    EditableMode, ExportFormat, ExtrasSpecification, HashCheckingMode, IndexStrategy,
+    InstallOptions, KeyringProviderType, NoBinary, NoBuild, PackageConfigSettings, Preview,
+    ProjectBuildBackend, Reinstall, RequiredVersion, SourceStrategy, TargetTriple, TrustedHost,
+    TrustedPublishing, Upgrade, VersionControlSystem,
 };
 use uv_distribution_types::{DependencyMetadata, Index, IndexLocations, IndexUrl, Requirement};
 use uv_install_wheel::LinkMode;
@@ -2720,6 +2720,7 @@ pub(crate) struct InstallerSettingsRef<'a> {
     pub(crate) reinstall: &'a Reinstall,
     pub(crate) build_options: &'a BuildOptions,
     pub(crate) sources: SourceStrategy,
+    pub(crate) build_dependency_strategy: &'a BuildDependencyStrategy,
 }
 
 /// The resolved settings to use for an invocation of the uv CLI when resolving dependencies.
@@ -2744,6 +2745,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ResolverSettings {
     pub(crate) resolution: ResolutionMode,
     pub(crate) sources: SourceStrategy,
     pub(crate) upgrade: Upgrade,
+    pub(crate) build_dependency_strategy: BuildDependencyStrategy,
 }
 
 impl ResolverSettings {
@@ -2808,6 +2810,7 @@ impl From<ResolverOptions> for ResolverSettings {
                 NoBinary::from_args(value.no_binary, value.no_binary_package.unwrap_or_default()),
                 NoBuild::from_args(value.no_build, value.no_build_package.unwrap_or_default()),
             ),
+            build_dependency_strategy: value.build_dependency_strategy.unwrap_or_default(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2901,6 +2904,7 @@ impl From<ResolverInstallerOptions> for ResolverInstallerSettings {
                         .map(Requirement::from)
                         .collect(),
                 ),
+                build_dependency_strategy: value.build_dependency_strategy.unwrap_or_default(),
             },
             compile_bytecode: value.compile_bytecode.unwrap_or_default(),
             reinstall: Reinstall::from_args(
@@ -3069,6 +3073,7 @@ impl PipSettings {
             no_build_package: top_level_no_build_package,
             no_binary: top_level_no_binary,
             no_binary_package: top_level_no_binary_package,
+            build_dependency_strategy: _,
             exclude_newer_package: top_level_exclude_newer_package,
         } = top_level;
 
@@ -3309,6 +3314,7 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a ResolverInstallerSettings> for InstallerSettingsRef<'a> {
             reinstall: &settings.reinstall,
             build_options: &settings.resolver.build_options,
             sources: settings.resolver.sources,
+            build_dependency_strategy: &settings.resolver.build_dependency_strategy,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/edit.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/edit.rs
index 92d0d7b6a22af..9337f6ad0eb5f 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/edit.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/edit.rs
@@ -13595,3 +13595,196 @@ fn add_path_outside_workspace_no_default() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Test that `uv add` respects lockfile preferences for build dependencies.
+#[test]
+fn add_build_dependencies_respect_locked_versions() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12").with_filtered_counts();
+
+    // Write a test package that arbitrarily requires `anyio` at build time
+    let child = context.temp_dir.child("child");
+    child.create_dir_all()?;
+    let child_pyproject_toml = child.child("pyproject.toml");
+    child_pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "child"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+
+        [build-system]
+        requires = ["hatchling", "anyio"]
+        backend-path = ["."]
+        build-backend = "build_backend"
+    "#})?;
+
+    // Create a build backend that checks for a specific version of anyio
+    let build_backend = child.child("build_backend.py");
+    build_backend.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        import os
+        import sys
+        from hatchling.build import *
+
+        expected_version = os.environ.get("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "")
+        if not expected_version:
+            print("`EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION` not set", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        try:
+            import anyio
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            print("Missing `anyio` module", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        from importlib.metadata import version
+        anyio_version = version("anyio")
+
+        if not anyio_version.startswith(expected_version):
+            print(f"Expected `anyio` version {expected_version} but got {anyio_version}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        print(f"Found expected `anyio` version {anyio_version}", file=sys.stderr)
+    "#})?;
+    child.child("src/child/__init__.py").touch()?;
+
+    // Create a project that will resolve to a non-latest version of `anyio`
+    let parent = &context.temp_dir;
+    let pyproject_toml = parent.child("pyproject.toml");
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<4.1"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+    "#})?;
+
+    // Create a lockfile with anyio 4.0.0
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock(), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    ");
+
+    // Ensure our build backend is checking the version correctly with a wrong version
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.add().arg("./child").env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "3.0"), @r"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Added `child` to workspace members
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+      × Failed to build `child @ file://[TEMP_DIR]/child`
+      ├─▶ The build backend returned an error
+      ╰─▶ Call to `build_backend.build_editable` failed (exit status: 1)
+
+          [stderr]
+          Expected `anyio` version 3.0 but got 4.0.0
+
+          hint: This usually indicates a problem with the package or the build environment.
+      help: If you want to add the package regardless of the failed resolution, provide the `--frozen` flag to skip locking and syncing.
+    ");
+
+    // The child should be built with anyio 4.0
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.add().arg("./child").env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "4.0"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Added `child` to workspace members
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     + anyio==4.0.0
+     + child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+     + idna==3.6
+     + sniffio==1.3.1
+    ");
+
+    // Check that child was added correctly
+    let pyproject_content = fs_err::read_to_string(pyproject_toml.path())?;
+    assert!(pyproject_content.contains("dependencies = ["));
+    assert!(pyproject_content.contains("child"));
+
+    // Change the constraints on anyio
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<3.8", "child"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        child = { workspace = true }
+
+        [tool.uv.workspace]
+        members = ["child"]
+    "#})?;
+
+    // The child should be rebuilt with anyio 3.7 on sync with reinstall
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync()
+        .arg("--reinstall-package").arg("child").env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "3.7"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     - anyio==4.0.0
+     + anyio==3.7.1
+     ~ child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+    ");
+
+    // Test with build-dependency-strategy = "latest" to show different behavior
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<3.8", "child", "typing-extensions"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "latest"
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        child = { workspace = true }
+
+        [tool.uv.workspace]
+        members = ["child"]
+    "#})?;
+
+    // With latest strategy, when we sync it should use anyio 4.x for builds
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync()
+        .arg("--reinstall-package").arg("child")
+        .env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "4."), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     ~ child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+     + typing-extensions==4.10.0
+    ");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
index 9de38cb313222..1543ac774a05a 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
@@ -3397,6 +3397,7 @@ fn resolve_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             find_links: None,
             index_strategy: None,
             keyring_provider: None,
+            build_dependency_strategy: None,
             resolution: Some(
                 LowestDirect,
             ),
@@ -3459,6 +3460,7 @@ fn resolve_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                 resolution: LowestDirect,
                 sources: Enabled,
                 upgrade: None,
+                build_dependency_strategy: Latest,
             },
             compile_bytecode: false,
             reinstall: None,
@@ -4490,7 +4492,7 @@ fn resolve_config_file() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
       |
     1 | [project]
       |  ^^^^^^^
-    unknown field `project`, expected one of `required-version`, `native-tls`, `offline`, `no-cache`, `cache-dir`, `preview`, `python-preference`, `python-downloads`, `concurrent-downloads`, `concurrent-builds`, `concurrent-installs`, `index`, `index-url`, `extra-index-url`, `no-index`, `find-links`, `index-strategy`, `keyring-provider`, `allow-insecure-host`, `resolution`, `prerelease`, `fork-strategy`, `dependency-metadata`, `config-settings`, `config-settings-package`, `no-build-isolation`, `no-build-isolation-package`, `exclude-newer`, `exclude-newer-package`, `link-mode`, `compile-bytecode`, `no-sources`, `upgrade`, `upgrade-package`, `reinstall`, `reinstall-package`, `no-build`, `no-build-package`, `no-binary`, `no-binary-package`, `python-install-mirror`, `pypy-install-mirror`, `python-downloads-json-url`, `publish-url`, `trusted-publishing`, `check-url`, `add-bounds`, `pip`, `cache-keys`, `override-dependencies`, `constraint-dependencies`, `build-constraint-dependencies`, `environments`, `required-environments`, `conflicts`, `workspace`, `sources`, `managed`, `package`, `default-groups`, `dependency-groups`, `dev-dependencies`, `build-backend`
+    unknown field `project`, expected one of `required-version`, `native-tls`, `offline`, `no-cache`, `cache-dir`, `preview`, `python-preference`, `python-downloads`, `concurrent-downloads`, `concurrent-builds`, `concurrent-installs`, `index`, `index-url`, `extra-index-url`, `no-index`, `find-links`, `index-strategy`, `keyring-provider`, `allow-insecure-host`, `resolution`, `prerelease`, `fork-strategy`, `dependency-metadata`, `config-settings`, `config-settings-package`, `no-build-isolation`, `no-build-isolation-package`, `exclude-newer`, `exclude-newer-package`, `link-mode`, `compile-bytecode`, `no-sources`, `upgrade`, `upgrade-package`, `reinstall`, `reinstall-package`, `no-build`, `no-build-package`, `no-binary`, `no-binary-package`, `build-dependency-strategy`, `python-install-mirror`, `pypy-install-mirror`, `python-downloads-json-url`, `publish-url`, `trusted-publishing`, `check-url`, `add-bounds`, `pip`, `cache-keys`, `override-dependencies`, `constraint-dependencies`, `build-constraint-dependencies`, `environments`, `required-environments`, `conflicts`, `workspace`, `sources`, `managed`, `package`, `default-groups`, `dependency-groups`, `dev-dependencies`, `build-backend`
     "
     );
 
@@ -7501,7 +7503,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
         show_settings: true,
         preview: Preview {
             flags: PreviewFeatures(
-                PYTHON_INSTALL_DEFAULT | PYTHON_UPGRADE | JSON_OUTPUT | PYLOCK | ADD_BOUNDS,
+                PYTHON_INSTALL_DEFAULT | PYTHON_UPGRADE | JSON_OUTPUT | PYLOCK | ADD_BOUNDS | PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS,
             ),
         },
         python_preference: Managed,
@@ -7576,6 +7578,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
                 resolution: Highest,
                 sources: Enabled,
                 upgrade: None,
+                build_dependency_strategy: Latest,
             },
             compile_bytecode: false,
             reinstall: None,
@@ -7683,6 +7686,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
                 resolution: Highest,
                 sources: Enabled,
                 upgrade: None,
+                build_dependency_strategy: Latest,
             },
             compile_bytecode: false,
             reinstall: None,
@@ -7715,7 +7719,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
         show_settings: true,
         preview: Preview {
             flags: PreviewFeatures(
-                PYTHON_INSTALL_DEFAULT | PYTHON_UPGRADE | JSON_OUTPUT | PYLOCK | ADD_BOUNDS,
+                PYTHON_INSTALL_DEFAULT | PYTHON_UPGRADE | JSON_OUTPUT | PYLOCK | ADD_BOUNDS | PREFER_LOCKED_BUILDS,
             ),
         },
         python_preference: Managed,
@@ -7790,6 +7794,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
                 resolution: Highest,
                 sources: Enabled,
                 upgrade: None,
+                build_dependency_strategy: Latest,
             },
             compile_bytecode: false,
             reinstall: None,
@@ -7897,6 +7902,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
                 resolution: Highest,
                 sources: Enabled,
                 upgrade: None,
+                build_dependency_strategy: Latest,
             },
             compile_bytecode: false,
             reinstall: None,
@@ -8004,6 +8010,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
                 resolution: Highest,
                 sources: Enabled,
                 upgrade: None,
+                build_dependency_strategy: Latest,
             },
             compile_bytecode: false,
             reinstall: None,
@@ -8113,6 +8120,7 @@ fn preview_features() {
                 resolution: Highest,
                 sources: Enabled,
                 upgrade: None,
+                build_dependency_strategy: Latest,
             },
             compile_bytecode: false,
             reinstall: None,
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
index 48e03c5bc866b..ee7ace93decdd 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
@@ -11537,3 +11537,292 @@ fn sync_does_not_remove_empty_virtual_environment_directory() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Test that build dependencies respect locked versions from the lockfile.
+#[test]
+fn sync_build_dependencies_respect_locked_versions() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12").with_filtered_counts();
+
+    // Write a test package that arbitrarily requires `anyio` at build time
+    let child = context.temp_dir.child("child");
+    child.create_dir_all()?;
+    let child_pyproject_toml = child.child("pyproject.toml");
+    child_pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "child"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+
+        [build-system]
+        requires = ["hatchling", "anyio"]
+        backend-path = ["."]
+        build-backend = "build_backend"
+    "#})?;
+
+    // Create a build backend that checks for a specific version of anyio
+    let build_backend = child.child("build_backend.py");
+    build_backend.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        import os
+        import sys
+        from hatchling.build import *
+
+        expected_version = os.environ.get("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "")
+        if not expected_version:
+            print("`EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION` not set", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        try:
+            import anyio
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            print("Missing `anyio` module", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        from importlib.metadata import version
+        anyio_version = version("anyio")
+
+        if not anyio_version.startswith(expected_version):
+            print(f"Expected `anyio` version {expected_version} but got {anyio_version}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        print(f"Found expected `anyio` version {anyio_version}", file=sys.stderr)
+    "#})?;
+    child.child("src/child/__init__.py").touch()?;
+
+    // Create a project that will resolve to a non-latest version of `anyio`
+    let parent = &context.temp_dir;
+    let pyproject_toml = parent.child("pyproject.toml");
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<4.1"]
+    "#})?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock(), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    ");
+
+    // Now add the child dependency with `build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"`
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<4.1", "child"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        child = { path = "child" }
+    "#})?;
+
+    // Ensure our build backend is checking the version correctly
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync().env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "3.0"), @r"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+      × Failed to build `child @ file://[TEMP_DIR]/child`
+      ├─▶ The build backend returned an error
+      ╰─▶ Call to `build_backend.build_wheel` failed (exit status: 1)
+
+          [stderr]
+          Expected `anyio` version 3.0 but got 4.0.0
+
+          hint: This usually indicates a problem with the package or the build environment.
+      help: `child` was included because `parent` (v0.1.0) depends on `child`
+    ");
+
+    // The child should be built with anyio 4.0
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync().env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "4.0"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     + anyio==4.0.0
+     + child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+     + idna==3.6
+     + sniffio==1.3.1
+    ");
+
+    // Change the constraints on anyio
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<3.8", "child"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        child = { path = "child" }
+    "#})?;
+
+    // The child should be rebuilt with anyio 3.7 on reinstall
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync()
+        .arg("--reinstall-package").arg("child").env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "3.7"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     - anyio==4.0.0
+     + anyio==3.7.1
+     ~ child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+    ");
+
+    // With preview enabled, there's no warning
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync()
+        .arg("--preview-features").arg("prefer-locked-builds")
+        .arg("--reinstall-package").arg("child")
+        .env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "3.7"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     ~ child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+    ");
+
+    // Now test with build-dependency-strategy = "latest" to show it uses latest anyio
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<3.8", "child"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "latest"
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        child = { path = "child" }
+    "#})?;
+
+    // With latest strategy, it should use the latest compatible anyio (4.3) for builds
+    // even though the project requires anyio<3.8
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync()
+        .arg("--reinstall-package").arg("child")
+        .env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "4.3"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     ~ child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+    ");
+
+    // Similarly, `prefer-locked` without a dependency on `anyio` should still use the latest
+    // anyio version
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["child"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        child = { path = "child" }
+    "#})?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync()
+        .arg("--reinstall-package").arg("child")
+        .env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "4.3"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     - anyio==3.7.1
+     ~ child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+     - idna==3.6
+     - sniffio==1.3.1
+    ");
+
+    // Now, we'll set a constraint in the parent project
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "parent"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+        dependencies = ["anyio<3.8", "child"]
+
+        [tool.uv]
+        build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+
+        [tool.uv.sources]
+        child = { path = "child" }
+    "#})?;
+
+    // And an incompatible constraint in the child project
+    child_pyproject_toml.write_str(indoc! {r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "child"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.9"
+
+        [build-system]
+        requires = ["hatchling", "anyio>3.8,<4.2"]
+        backend-path = ["."]
+        build-backend = "build_backend"
+    "#})?;
+
+    // This should succeed, and use a version within the child constraints
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync()
+        .arg("--reinstall-package").arg("child").env("EXPECTED_ANYIO_VERSION", "4.1"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The `build-dependency-strategy` setting is experimental and may change without warning. Pass `--preview-features prefer-locked-builds` to disable this warning.
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     + anyio==3.7.1
+     ~ child==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/child)
+     + idna==3.6
+     + sniffio==1.3.1
+    ");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/docs/reference/settings.md b/docs/reference/settings.md
index 4a1d74b42716e..c821644099629 100644
--- a/docs/reference/settings.md
+++ b/docs/reference/settings.md
@@ -749,6 +749,42 @@ bypasses SSL verification and could expose you to MITM attacks.
 
 ---
 
+### [`build-dependency-strategy`](#build-dependency-strategy) {: #build-dependency-strategy }
+
+The strategy to use when resolving build dependencies for source distributions.
+
+- `latest`: Use the latest compatible version of each build dependency.
+- `prefer-locked`: Prefer the versions pinned in the lockfile, if available.
+
+When set to `prefer-locked`, uv will use the locked versions of packages specified in the
+lockfile as preferences when resolving build dependencies during source builds, such that
+the locked version of a package will be used as long as it doesn't conflict with version
+constraints declared by the package being built. This helps ensure that build environments
+are consistent with the project's resolved dependencies.
+
+**Default value**: `"latest"`
+
+**Possible values**:
+
+- `"latest"`: Use the latest compatible version of each build dependency
+- `"prefer-locked"`: Prefer the versions pinned in the lockfile, if available
+
+**Example usage**:
+
+=== "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.uv]
+    build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+    ```
+=== "uv.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    build-dependency-strategy = "prefer-locked"
+    ```
+
+---
+
 ### [`cache-dir`](#cache-dir) {: #cache-dir }
 
 Path to the cache directory.
diff --git a/uv.schema.json b/uv.schema.json
index a2f3f0113b202..cecd411d1832d 100644
--- a/uv.schema.json
+++ b/uv.schema.json
@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@
         "type": "string"
       }
     },
+    "build-dependency-strategy": {
+      "description": "The strategy to use when resolving build dependencies for source distributions.\n\n- `latest`: Use the latest compatible version of each build dependency.\n- `prefer-locked`: Prefer the versions pinned in the lockfile, if available.\n\nWhen set to `prefer-locked`, uv will use the locked versions of packages specified in the\nlockfile as preferences when resolving build dependencies during source builds, such that\nthe locked version of a package will be used as long as it doesn't conflict with version\nconstraints declared by the package being built. This helps ensure that build environments\nare consistent with the project's resolved dependencies.",
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "$ref": "#/definitions/BuildDependencyStrategy"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "null"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
     "cache-dir": {
       "description": "Path to the cache directory.\n\nDefaults to `$XDG_CACHE_HOME/uv` or `$HOME/.cache/uv` on Linux and macOS, and\n`%LOCALAPPDATA%\\uv\\cache` on Windows.",
       "type": [
@@ -737,6 +748,20 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "BuildDependencyStrategy": {
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "description": "Use the latest compatible version of each build dependency.",
+          "type": "string",
+          "const": "latest"
+        },
+        {
+          "description": "Prefer the versions pinned in the lockfile, if available.",
+          "type": "string",
+          "const": "prefer-locked"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
     "CacheKey": {
       "anyOf": [
         {