diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/common/mod.rs b/crates/uv/tests/common/mod.rs
index 2c85e3e7f0c6..3951458c937e 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/common/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/common/mod.rs
@@ -309,6 +309,16 @@ fn site_packages_path(venv: &Path, python: String) -> PathBuf {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn venv_bin_path(venv: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    if cfg!(unix) {
+        venv.join("bin")
+    } else if cfg!(windows) {
+        venv.join("Scripts")
+    } else {
+        unimplemented!("Only Windows and Unix are supported")
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn venv_to_interpreter(venv: &Path) -> PathBuf {
     if cfg!(unix) {
         venv.join("bin").join("python")
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/pip_install.rs b/crates/uv/tests/pip_install.rs
index dde3e8637e2f..d97bb302c77b 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/pip_install.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/pip_install.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use common::{uv_snapshot, TestContext};
 use uv_fs::Simplified;
 
-use crate::common::{get_bin, BUILD_VENDOR_LINKS_URL};
+use crate::common::{get_bin, venv_bin_path, BUILD_VENDOR_LINKS_URL};
 
 mod common;
 
@@ -2916,6 +2916,128 @@ fn install_index_with_relative_links() {
     context.assert_command("import anyio").success();
 }
 
+/// Install a package from an index that requires authentication from the keyring.
+#[test]
+fn install_package_basic_auth_from_keyring() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Install our keyring plugin
+    context
+        .install()
+        .arg(
+            context
+                .workspace_root
+                .join("scripts")
+                .join("packages")
+                .join("keyring_test_plugin"),
+        )
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.install()
+        .arg("anyio")
+        .arg("--index-url")
+        .arg("https://public@pypi-proxy.fly.dev/basic-auth/simple")
+        .arg("--keyring-provider")
+        .arg("subprocess")
+        .arg("--strict")
+        .env("KEYRING_TEST_CREDENTIALS", r#"{"pypi-proxy.fly.dev": {"public": "heron"}}"#)
+        .env("PATH", venv_bin_path(context.venv.as_path())), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 3 packages in [TIME]
+    Downloaded 3 packages in [TIME]
+    Installed 3 packages in [TIME]
+     + anyio==4.3.0
+     + idna==3.6
+     + sniffio==1.3.1
+    "###
+    );
+
+    context.assert_command("import anyio").success();
+}
+
+/// Install a package from an index that requires authentication
+/// but the keyring has the wrong password
+#[test]
+fn install_package_basic_auth_from_keyring_wrong_password() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Install our keyring plugin
+    context
+        .install()
+        .arg(
+            context
+                .workspace_root
+                .join("scripts")
+                .join("packages")
+                .join("keyring_test_plugin"),
+        )
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.install()
+        .arg("anyio")
+        .arg("--index-url")
+        .arg("https://public@pypi-proxy.fly.dev/basic-auth/simple")
+        .arg("--keyring-provider")
+        .arg("subprocess")
+        .arg("--strict")
+        .env("KEYRING_TEST_CREDENTIALS", r#"{"pypi-proxy.fly.dev": {"public": "foobar"}}"#)
+        .env("PATH", venv_bin_path(context.venv.as_path())), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: Failed to download: anyio==4.3.0
+      Caused by: HTTP status client error (401 Unauthorized) for url (https://pypi-proxy.fly.dev/basic-auth/files/packages/14/fd/2f20c40b45e4fb4324834aea24bd4afdf1143390242c0b33774da0e2e34f/anyio-4.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata)
+    "###
+    );
+}
+
+/// Install a package from an index that requires authentication
+/// but the keyring has the wrong username
+#[test]
+fn install_package_basic_auth_from_keyring_wrong_username() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Install our keyring plugin
+    context
+        .install()
+        .arg(
+            context
+                .workspace_root
+                .join("scripts")
+                .join("packages")
+                .join("keyring_test_plugin"),
+        )
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.install()
+        .arg("anyio")
+        .arg("--index-url")
+        .arg("https://public@pypi-proxy.fly.dev/basic-auth/simple")
+        .arg("--keyring-provider")
+        .arg("subprocess")
+        .arg("--strict")
+        .env("KEYRING_TEST_CREDENTIALS", r#"{"pypi-proxy.fly.dev": {"other": "heron"}}"#)
+        .env("PATH", venv_bin_path(context.venv.as_path())), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: Failed to download: anyio==4.3.0
+      Caused by: HTTP status client error (401 Unauthorized) for url (https://pypi-proxy.fly.dev/basic-auth/files/packages/14/fd/2f20c40b45e4fb4324834aea24bd4afdf1143390242c0b33774da0e2e34f/anyio-4.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata)
+    "###
+    );
+}
+
 /// Install a package from an index that provides relative links and requires authentication
 #[test]
 fn install_index_with_relative_links_authenticated() {
diff --git a/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/keyrings/__init__.py b/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/keyrings/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
diff --git a/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/keyrings/test_keyring.py b/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/keyrings/test_keyring.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2895477f487f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/keyrings/test_keyring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+
+from keyring import backend
+
+
+class KeyringTest(backend.KeyringBackend):
+    priority = 9
+
+    def get_password(self, service, username):
+        print(f"Request for {username}@{service}", file=sys.stderr)
+        credentials = json.loads(os.environ.get("KEYRING_TEST_CREDENTIALS") or {})
+        return credentials.get(service, {}).get(username)
+
+    def set_password(self, service, username, password):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def delete_password(self, service, username):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_credential(self, service, username):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/pyproject.toml b/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8b904bd00ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/packages/keyring_test_plugin/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["flit_core >=3.2,<4"]
+build-backend = "flit_core.buildapi"
+
+[project]
+name = "keyring-test-plugin"
+description = "A keyring plugin for testing."
+requires-python = ">=3.7"
+version = "0.1.0"
+keywords = []
+authors = [
+  { name = "Astral Software Inc.", email = "hey@astral.sh" },
+]
+dependencies = [
+  "keyring"
+]
+
+[tool.flit.module]
+name = "keyrings"
+
+[project.entry-points."keyring.backends"]
+AstralTest = "keyrings.test_keyring"