diff --git a/.github/workflows/bench.yml b/.github/workflows/bench.yml
index 5a48e343236..947241e0a80 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bench.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bench.yml
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
         run: python3 scripts/benchmark/prepare-fixtures.py
 
       - name: "Build benchmarks"
-        run: cargo codspeed build -m walltime --profile profiling -p uv-bench --bench uv --bench workspace_discovery --bench lockfile --bench wheel_extract
+        run: cargo codspeed build -m walltime --profile profiling -p uv-bench --bench uv --bench workspace_discovery --bench lockfile --bench wheel_extract --bench wheel_install
 
       - name: "Plan bounded walltime runs"
         id: shards
diff --git a/crates/uv-bench/Cargo.toml b/crates/uv-bench/Cargo.toml
index e3c697c60c5..9c2b3e7e279 100644
--- a/crates/uv-bench/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-bench/Cargo.toml
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ name = "wheel_extract"
 path = "benches/wheel_extract.rs"
 harness = false
 
+[[bench]]
+name = "wheel_install"
+path = "benches/wheel_install.rs"
+harness = false
+
 [[bench]]
 name = "uv_pypi_types"
 path = "benches/uv_pypi_types.rs"
diff --git a/crates/uv-bench/benches/wheel_install.rs b/crates/uv-bench/benches/wheel_install.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d7a2a62042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/uv-bench/benches/wheel_install.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+//! Installation and overlapping replacement of real wheel contents.
+
+mod common;
+
+extern crate uv_performance_memory_allocator;
+
+use std::hint::black_box;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use criterion::{
+    BatchSize, BenchmarkId, Criterion, criterion_group, criterion_main, measurement::WallTime,
+};
+use uv_bench::{WHEEL_FIXTURES, fixture_path, is_codspeed_simulation};
+use uv_distribution_filename::WheelFilename;
+use uv_install_wheel::{InstallState, Layout, LinkMode};
+use uv_preview::Preview;
+use uv_pypi_types::Scheme;
+
+fn layout(root: &Path) -> Layout {
+    let site_packages = root.join("site-packages");
+    fs_err::create_dir_all(&site_packages).expect("Failed to create site-packages");
+    Layout {
+        sys_executable: root.join("bin/python"),
+        python_version: (3, 11),
+        os_name: "posix".to_string(),
+        scheme: Scheme {
+            purelib: site_packages.clone(),
+            platlib: site_packages,
+            scripts: root.join("bin"),
+            data: root.to_path_buf(),
+            include: root.join("include"),
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn install(layout: &Layout, wheel: &Path, filename: &WheelFilename, link_mode: LinkMode) {
+    let state = InstallState::new(Preview::default());
+    uv_install_wheel::install_wheel(
+        layout,
+        false,
+        wheel,
+        filename,
+        None,
+        None::<&()>,
+        None::<&()>,
+        Some("uv"),
+        true,
+        link_mode,
+        &state,
+    )
+    .expect("Failed to install wheel");
+    state
+        .warn_package_conflicts()
+        .expect("Failed to check package conflicts");
+}
+
+fn wheel_install(c: &mut Criterion<WallTime>) {
+    if is_codspeed_simulation() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("wheel_install");
+    for &(project, filename) in WHEEL_FIXTURES {
+        let archive = fixture_path(filename);
+        let filename = WheelFilename::from_str(filename).expect("Invalid wheel filename");
+        let wheel = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Failed to create wheel directory");
+        let files = uv_extract::unzip(
+            fs_err::File::open(archive).expect("Failed to open wheel fixture"),
+            wheel.path(),
+        )
+        .expect("Failed to extract wheel fixture");
+        uv_install_wheel::validate_and_heal_record(
+            wheel.path(),
+            files.iter().map(|file| (file.path(), file.size())),
+            &filename,
+        )
+        .expect("Failed to validate wheel fixture");
+
+        for (mode_name, mode) in [("hardlink", LinkMode::Hardlink), ("copy", LinkMode::Copy)] {
+            for overlap in [false, true] {
+                let operation = if overlap { "replace" } else { "fresh" };
+                group.bench_function(
+                    BenchmarkId::new(format!("{operation}_{mode_name}"), project),
+                    |b| {
+                        b.iter_batched(
+                            || {
+                                let environment = tempfile::tempdir()
+                                    .expect("Failed to create installation directory");
+                                let layout = layout(environment.path());
+                                if overlap {
+                                    // Distinct old inodes force the atomic replacement path.
+                                    install(&layout, wheel.path(), &filename, LinkMode::Copy);
+                                }
+                                (environment, layout)
+                            },
+                            |(environment, layout)| {
+                                install(&layout, wheel.path(), &filename, mode);
+                                black_box((environment, layout))
+                            },
+                            BatchSize::PerIteration,
+                        );
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+criterion_group! {
+    name = wheels;
+    config = common::walltime_criterion();
+    targets = wheel_install
+}
+criterion_main!(wheels);