diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C408.py b/crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C408.py
index c1ac839e27f3d9..d2ffaa73528c8c 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C408.py
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_comprehensions/C408.py
@@ -37,3 +37,12 @@ def list():
 t"{ dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') }"
 t"a {dict(x='y') | dict(y='z')} b"
 t"a { dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') } b"
+
+# https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/16234
+# Python normalizes identifiers to NFKC, but does not normalize string literals, so the fix has to
+# normalize the keyword name to preserve the dictionary key at runtime. The character "ℼ" normalizes
+# to "π", and "ſ" normalizes to "s".
+dict(ℼ=3.14)
+dict(ſ=1)
+dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+dict(a=1, b=2)  # already NFKC-normalized: unchanged
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/fixes.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/fixes.rs
index 32d850820b456f..e04d218d9029a4 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/fixes.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/fixes.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprCall};
 use ruff_python_codegen::Stylist;
 use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
+use unicode_normalization::UnicodeNormalization;
 
 use crate::Locator;
 use crate::cst::helpers::{negate, space};
@@ -241,6 +242,10 @@ pub(crate) fn fix_unnecessary_collection_call(
         .unwrap_or(stylist.quote());
 
     // Quote each argument.
+    //
+    // Python normalizes identifiers to NFKC, but string literals are not normalized. Emitting the
+    // raw source text of a keyword argument would change the dictionary key at runtime, so the
+    // name has to be normalized. See https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/16234.
     for arg in &call.args {
         let quoted = format!(
             "{}{}{}",
@@ -248,7 +253,8 @@ pub(crate) fn fix_unnecessary_collection_call(
             arg.keyword
                 .as_ref()
                 .expect("Expected dictionary argument to be kwarg")
-                .value,
+                .value
+                .nfkc(),
             quote,
         );
         arena.push(quoted);
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_comprehensions__tests__C408_C408.py.snap b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_comprehensions__tests__C408_C408.py.snap
index d3fa03663c686c..0002bcc8387122 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_comprehensions__tests__C408_C408.py.snap
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_comprehensions/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_comprehensions__tests__C408_C408.py.snap
@@ -529,12 +529,15 @@ C408 [*] Unnecessary `dict()` call (rewrite as a literal)
 38 | t"a {dict(x='y') | dict(y='z')} b"
 39 | t"a { dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') } b"
    |       ^^^^^^^^^^^
+40 |
+41 | # https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/16234
    |
 help: Rewrite as a literal
    |
 38 | t"a {dict(x='y') | dict(y='z')} b"
    - t"a { dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') } b"
 39 + t"a { {'x': 'y'} | dict(y='z') } b"
+40 |
    |
 note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
 
@@ -545,11 +548,86 @@ C408 [*] Unnecessary `dict()` call (rewrite as a literal)
 38 | t"a {dict(x='y') | dict(y='z')} b"
 39 | t"a { dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') } b"
    |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^
+40 |
+41 | # https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/16234
    |
 help: Rewrite as a literal
    |
 38 | t"a {dict(x='y') | dict(y='z')} b"
    - t"a { dict(x='y') | dict(y='z') } b"
 39 + t"a { dict(x='y') | {'y': 'z'} } b"
+40 |
+   |
+note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
+
+C408 [*] Unnecessary `dict()` call (rewrite as a literal)
+  --> C408.py:45:1
+   |
+43 | # normalize the keyword name to preserve the dictionary key at runtime. The character "ℼ" normalizes
+44 | # to "π", and "ſ" normalizes to "s".
+45 | dict(ℼ=3.14)
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^
+46 | dict(ſ=1)
+47 | dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+   |
+help: Rewrite as a literal
+   |
+44 | # to "π", and "ſ" normalizes to "s".
+   - dict(ℼ=3.14)
+45 + {"π": 3.14}
+46 | dict(ſ=1)
+   |
+note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
+
+C408 [*] Unnecessary `dict()` call (rewrite as a literal)
+  --> C408.py:46:1
+   |
+44 | # to "π", and "ſ" normalizes to "s".
+45 | dict(ℼ=3.14)
+46 | dict(ſ=1)
+   | ^^^^^^^^^
+47 | dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+48 | dict(a=1, b=2)  # already NFKC-normalized: unchanged
+   |
+help: Rewrite as a literal
+   |
+45 | dict(ℼ=3.14)
+   - dict(ſ=1)
+46 + {"s": 1}
+47 | dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+   |
+note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
+
+C408 [*] Unnecessary `dict()` call (rewrite as a literal)
+  --> C408.py:47:1
+   |
+45 | dict(ℼ=3.14)
+46 | dict(ſ=1)
+47 | dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+48 | dict(a=1, b=2)  # already NFKC-normalized: unchanged
+   |
+help: Rewrite as a literal
+   |
+46 | dict(ſ=1)
+   - dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+47 + {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+48 | dict(a=1, b=2)  # already NFKC-normalized: unchanged
+   |
+note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
+
+C408 [*] Unnecessary `dict()` call (rewrite as a literal)
+  --> C408.py:48:1
+   |
+46 | dict(ſ=1)
+47 | dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+48 | dict(a=1, b=2)  # already NFKC-normalized: unchanged
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+help: Rewrite as a literal
+   |
+47 | dict(𝕒=1, b=2)
+   - dict(a=1, b=2)  # already NFKC-normalized: unchanged
+48 + {"a": 1, "b": 2}  # already NFKC-normalized: unchanged
    |
 note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior