diff --git a/crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs b/crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
index 8e4b23aec639c..bacd40530c15c 100644
--- a/crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff/tests/cli/lint.rs
@@ -3720,6 +3720,48 @@ def func(t: _T) -> _T:
     );
 }
 
+/// Test that `noqa` comments with rule codes
+/// 1. Get replaced with Ruff-specific suppression comments (RUF105)
+/// 2. Use human-readable rule names instead of codes (RUF106)
+#[test]
+fn noqa_comments_to_human_readable_ruff_ignores() -> Result<()> {
+    let fixture = CliTest::new()?;
+    let source = "# ruff: noqa: F401
+import os
+
+def foo():
+    value = 1  # noqa: F841
+";
+
+    assert_cmd_snapshot!(
+        fixture
+            .check_command()
+            .args([
+                "--select=F401,F841,RUF105,RUF106",
+                "--stdin-filename=test.py",
+                "--fix",
+                "--preview",
+                "-",
+            ])
+            .pass_stdin(source),
+        @"
+        success: true
+        exit_code: 0
+        ----- stdout -----
+        # ruff:file-ignore[unused-import]
+        import os
+
+        def foo():
+            value = 1  # ruff:ignore[unused-variable]
+
+        ----- stderr -----
+        Found 4 errors (4 fixed, 0 remaining).
+        ",
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Test that we do not rename two different type parameters to the same name
 /// in one execution of Ruff (autofixing this to `class Foo[T, T]: ...` would
 /// introduce invalid syntax)
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/resources/mdtest/ruff/rule-codes-in-suppression-comments.md b/crates/ruff_linter/resources/mdtest/ruff/rule-codes-in-suppression-comments.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e2023004319ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/resources/mdtest/ruff/rule-codes-in-suppression-comments.md
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+# `rule-codes-in-suppression-comments` (`RUF106`)
+
+```toml
+[lint]
+preview = true
+select = ["RUF106"]
+external = ["EXT"]
+```
+
+## `ruff:ignore`
+
+Each Ruff rule code receives a separate diagnostic. Rule names and external or unknown codes are
+preserved:
+
+```py
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, EXT001, UNKNOWN, F841]
+value = 1
+```
+
+```snapshot
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:15
+  |
+3 | # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, EXT001, UNKNOWN, F841]
+  |               ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, EXT001, UNKNOWN, F841]
+3 + # ruff:ignore[unused-import, undefined-name, EXT001, UNKNOWN, F841]
+4 | value = 1
+  |
+
+
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:54
+  |
+3 | # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, EXT001, UNKNOWN, F841]
+  |                                                      ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, EXT001, UNKNOWN, F841]
+3 + # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, EXT001, UNKNOWN, unused-variable]
+4 | value = 1
+  |
+```
+
+Valid human-readable names are unaffected:
+
+```py
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+value = 1
+```
+
+```snapshot
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:7:15
+  |
+7 | # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+  |               ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+6 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+7 + # ruff:ignore[unused-import, undefined-name, F841]
+8 | value = 1
+  |
+
+
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:7:37
+  |
+7 | # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+  |                                     ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+6 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+7 + # ruff:ignore[F401, undefined-name, unused-variable]
+8 | value = 1
+  |
+```
+
+## `ruff:file-ignore`
+
+```py
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# ruff:file-ignore[F401, F841]
+```
+
+```snapshot
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:20
+  |
+3 | # ruff:file-ignore[F401, F841]
+  |                    ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:file-ignore[F401, F841]
+3 + # ruff:file-ignore[unused-import, F841]
+  |
+
+
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:26
+  |
+3 | # ruff:file-ignore[F401, F841]
+  |                          ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:file-ignore[F401, F841]
+3 + # ruff:file-ignore[F401, unused-variable]
+  |
+```
+
+## Matched `ruff:disable` and `ruff:enable`
+
+Matching comments are reported and fixed together:
+
+```py
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# ruff:disable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+value = 1
+# ruff:enable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+```
+
+```snapshot
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:16
+  |
+3 | # ruff:disable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+  |                ^^^^
+4 | value = 1
+5 | # ruff:enable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+  |               ----
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:disable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+3 + # ruff:disable[unused-import, undefined-name, F841]
+4 | value = 1
+  - # ruff:enable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+5 + # ruff:enable[unused-import, undefined-name, F841]
+  |
+
+
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:38
+  |
+3 | # ruff:disable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+  |                                      ^^^^
+4 | value = 1
+5 | # ruff:enable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+  |                                     ----
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:disable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+3 + # ruff:disable[F401, undefined-name, unused-variable]
+4 | value = 1
+  - # ruff:enable[F401, undefined-name, F841]
+5 + # ruff:enable[F401, undefined-name, unused-variable]
+  |
+```
+
+## Unmatched `ruff:disable`
+
+An unmatched disable comment is still an effective suppression through the end of its indentation
+level:
+
+```py
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# ruff:disable[F401]
+```
+
+```snapshot
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:2:16
+  |
+2 | # ruff:disable[F401]
+  |                ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+1 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:disable[F401]
+2 + # ruff:disable[unused-import]
+  |
+```
+
+## Unmatched `ruff:enable`
+
+An unmatched enable comment is invalid and is left to `invalid-suppression-comment`:
+
+```py
+# ruff:enable[F401]
+```
+
+## Redirected codes
+
+Redirected codes are replaced with the name of their canonical rule:
+
+```py
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# ruff:ignore[PGH001]
+value = 1
+```
+
+```snapshot
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:2:15
+  |
+2 | # ruff:ignore[PGH001]
+  |               ^^^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+1 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - # ruff:ignore[PGH001]
+2 + # ruff:ignore[suspicious-eval-usage]
+3 | value = 1
+  |
+```
+
+## Nested suppression comments
+
+Only the rule codes within a nested suppression comment are replaced:
+
+```py
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+# snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+value = 1  # explanation # ruff:ignore[F401, F841] reason # another
+```
+
+```snapshot
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:40
+  |
+3 | value = 1  # explanation # ruff:ignore[F401, F841] reason # another
+  |                                        ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - value = 1  # explanation # ruff:ignore[F401, F841] reason # another
+3 + value = 1  # explanation # ruff:ignore[unused-import, F841] reason # another
+  |
+
+
+error[RUF106]: Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment
+ --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:3:46
+  |
+3 | value = 1  # explanation # ruff:ignore[F401, F841] reason # another
+  |                                              ^^^^
+  |
+help: Replace rule code with name
+  |
+2 | # snapshot: rule-codes-in-suppression-comments
+  - value = 1  # explanation # ruff:ignore[F401, F841] reason # another
+3 + value = 1  # explanation # ruff:ignore[F401, unused-variable] reason # another
+  |
+```
+
+## Comments without Ruff rule codes
+
+Comments containing only names and external or unknown codes are unchanged:
+
+```py
+# ruff:ignore[unused-import, EXT001, UNKNOWN]
+value = 1
+```
+
+## Self-suppression
+
+The rule can be suppressed by its code or name:
+
+```py
+# ruff:ignore[F401, RUF106]
+value = 1
+```
+
+```py
+# ruff:ignore[F401, rule-codes-in-suppression-comments]
+value = 1
+```
+
+The diagnostic can also be suppressed with a `noqa` comment:
+
+```py
+value = 1  # ruff:ignore[F401]  # noqa: RUF106
+```
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/resources/mdtest/suppression/ignore.md b/crates/ruff_linter/resources/mdtest/suppression/ignore.md
index 9eed7d355901e..752f1dd75764f 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/resources/mdtest/suppression/ignore.md
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/resources/mdtest/suppression/ignore.md
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ values = [
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["E501", "F401", "RUF10"]
+select = ["E501", "F401", "RUF100", "RUF103", "RUF104"]
 ```
 
 An intervening `ruff:ignore` directive shouldn't cause a `disable`/`enable` pair to be reported as
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ def f():
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["F401", "RUF10"]
+select = ["F401", "RUF100", "RUF104"]
 ```
 
 A `file-ignore` within a range suppression takes precedence and marks the `disable` as unused:
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ help: Remove unused suppression
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["F401", "RUF10"]
+select = ["F401", "RUF103", "RUF104"]
 ```
 
 `ruff:ignore` comments nested within other comments should still work:
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ import foo
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["F401", "RUF10"]
+select = ["F401", "RUF103", "RUF104"]
 ```
 
 Nested `disable` and `file-ignore` comments are also invalid and don't suppress diagnostics on the
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ a = 10
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["E501", "F821", "RUF10"]
+select = ["E501", "F821", "RUF100", "RUF103"]
 ```
 
 `RUF100` should have an unsafe fix when deleting a leading suppression would change the placement
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["E501", "RUF10", "FIX002"]
+select = ["E501", "RUF100", "FIX002"]
 ```
 
 Deleting either half of a `disable`/`enable` pair should make the fix unsafe if in a nested context:
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["E501", "F401", "F821", "RUF10"]
+select = ["E501", "F401", "F821", "RUF100", "RUF103"]
 ```
 
 Removing a code from a multi-code suppression doesn't promote the later suppression, so the fix is
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ help: Remove unused suppression
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["F821", "RUF10"]
+select = ["F821", "RUF102", "RUF103"]
 ```
 
 The `RUF102` fix should also be unsafe when it would promote a later suppression:
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior
 ```toml
 [lint]
 preview = true
-select = ["F401", "F821", "RUF10"]
+select = ["F401", "F821", "RUF100", "RUF103"]
 ```
 
 The same applies to fixes for invalid suppression placement:
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/noqa.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/noqa.rs
index afd190c66c04a..8de18382a77ed 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/noqa.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/noqa.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ pub(crate) fn check_noqa(
 
     let exemption = FileExemption::from(&file_noqa_directives);
 
+    // Generate diagnostics for suppression comments before applying suppressions so that the
+    // diagnostics can themselves be suppressed.
+    suppressions.check_rule_codes(context, locator);
+
     // Indices of diagnostics that were ignored by a `noqa` directive.
     let mut ignored_diagnostics = vec![];
 
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs
index a51f84a442399..a554f9fee2168 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs
@@ -1090,6 +1090,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Ruff, "103") => rules::ruff::rules::InvalidSuppressionComment,
         (Ruff, "104") => rules::ruff::rules::UnmatchedSuppressionComment,
         (Ruff, "105") => rules::ruff::rules::NoqaComments,
+        (Ruff, "106") => rules::ruff::rules::RuleCodesInSuppressionComments,
 
         (Ruff, "200") => rules::ruff::rules::InvalidPyprojectToml,
         #[cfg(any(feature = "test-rules", test))]
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/registry.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/registry.rs
index 5afccdda5a6e3..990352abfb0dc 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/registry.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/registry.rs
@@ -250,9 +250,11 @@ impl Rule {
     pub const fn lint_source(&self) -> LintSource {
         match self {
             Rule::InvalidPyprojectToml => LintSource::PyprojectToml,
-            Rule::BlanketNOQA | Rule::NoqaComments | Rule::RedirectedNOQA | Rule::UnusedNOQA => {
-                LintSource::Noqa
-            }
+            Rule::BlanketNOQA
+            | Rule::NoqaComments
+            | Rule::RedirectedNOQA
+            | Rule::RuleCodesInSuppressionComments
+            | Rule::UnusedNOQA => LintSource::Noqa,
             Rule::BidirectionalUnicode
             | Rule::BlankLineWithWhitespace
             | Rule::DocLineTooLong
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/mod.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/mod.rs
index e470647b0f007..71cd885d0f19c 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/mod.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ pub(crate) use pytest_raises_ambiguous_pattern::*;
 pub(crate) use quadratic_list_summation::*;
 pub(crate) use redirected_noqa::*;
 pub(crate) use redundant_bool_literal::*;
+pub(crate) use rule_codes_in_suppression_comments::*;
 pub(crate) use sort_dunder_all::*;
 pub(crate) use sort_dunder_slots::*;
 pub(crate) use starmap_zip::*;
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ mod pytest_raises_ambiguous_pattern;
 mod quadratic_list_summation;
 mod redirected_noqa;
 mod redundant_bool_literal;
+mod rule_codes_in_suppression_comments;
 mod sequence_sorting;
 mod sort_dunder_all;
 mod sort_dunder_slots;
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/rule_codes_in_suppression_comments.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/rule_codes_in_suppression_comments.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0ee0ff0742dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/rule_codes_in_suppression_comments.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use ruff_macros::{ViolationMetadata, derive_message_formats};
+
+use crate::AlwaysFixableViolation;
+
+/// ## What it does
+///
+/// Checks for rule codes in Ruff-specific suppression comments.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+///
+/// Human-readable rule names are easier to understand than rule codes. Using names also avoids
+/// requiring readers to look up the meaning of each code.
+///
+/// This rule applies to `ruff:ignore`, `ruff:file-ignore`, `ruff:disable`, and `ruff:enable`
+/// comments.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// ```python
+/// import os  # ruff:ignore[F401]
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// import os  # ruff:ignore[unused-import]
+/// ```
+#[derive(ViolationMetadata)]
+#[violation_metadata(preview_since = "NEXT_RUFF_VERSION")]
+pub(crate) struct RuleCodesInSuppressionComments;
+
+impl AlwaysFixableViolation for RuleCodesInSuppressionComments {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        "Rule code used instead of name in suppression comment".to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn fix_title(&self) -> String {
+        "Replace rule code with name".to_string()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/ruff_linter/src/suppression.rs b/crates/ruff_linter/src/suppression.rs
index 85c2d7b0f12df..01fe547eb9228 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_linter/src/suppression.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_linter/src/suppression.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ use crate::preview::{is_human_readable_names_enabled, is_ruff_ignore_enabled};
 use crate::rule_redirects::get_redirect_target;
 use crate::rules::ruff::rules::{
     InvalidRuleCode, InvalidRuleCodeKind, InvalidSuppressionComment, InvalidSuppressionCommentKind,
-    UnmatchedSuppressionComment, UnusedCodes, UnusedNOQA, UnusedNOQAKind, code_is_valid,
+    RuleCodesInSuppressionComments, UnmatchedSuppressionComment, UnusedCodes, UnusedNOQA,
+    UnusedNOQAKind, code_is_valid,
 };
 use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
 use crate::settings::types::PreviewMode;
@@ -395,6 +396,49 @@ impl Suppressions {
         false
     }
 
+    /// Check for rule codes in valid suppression comments.
+    pub(crate) fn check_rule_codes(&self, context: &LintContext, locator: &Locator) {
+        if !context.is_rule_enabled(Rule::RuleCodesInSuppressionComments) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Each comment or matched pair produces one valid suppression per code, all sharing the
+        // same first comment range.
+        let mut seen_comments = FxHashSet::default();
+
+        for suppression in &self.valid {
+            let first_comment = suppression.comments.first();
+            if !seen_comments.insert(first_comment.range) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let second_comment = suppression.comments.second();
+            for (index, range) in first_comment.codes.iter().enumerate() {
+                let original = locator.slice(range);
+                let code = get_redirect_target(original).unwrap_or(original);
+                let Ok(rule) = Rule::from_code(code) else {
+                    continue;
+                };
+
+                let mut diagnostic =
+                    context.report_diagnostic(RuleCodesInSuppressionComments, *range);
+                let name = rule.name().to_string();
+                let fix = if let Some(second_range) =
+                    second_comment.and_then(|comment| comment.codes.get(index))
+                {
+                    diagnostic.secondary_annotation_without_message(*second_range);
+                    Fix::safe_edits(
+                        Edit::range_replacement(name.clone(), *range),
+                        [Edit::range_replacement(name, *second_range)],
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    Fix::safe_edit(Edit::range_replacement(name, *range))
+                };
+                diagnostic.set_fix(fix);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn check_suppressions(&self, context: &LintContext, locator: &Locator) {
         fn process_pending_diagnostics(
             key: Option<TextRange>,
diff --git a/ruff.schema.json b/ruff.schema.json
index 2507c70894ca6..f846497844eb9 100644
--- a/ruff.schema.json
+++ b/ruff.schema.json
@@ -4266,6 +4266,7 @@
         "RUF103",
         "RUF104",
         "RUF105",
+        "RUF106",
         "RUF2",
         "RUF20",
         "RUF200",
@@ -5208,6 +5209,7 @@
         "return-outside-function",
         "reuse-of-groupby-generator",
         "root-logger-call",
+        "rule-codes-in-suppression-comments",
         "run-process-in-async-function",
         "runtime-cast-value",
         "runtime-import-in-type-checking-block",