recordmcount.c

/*
 * recordmcount.c: construct a table of the locations of calls to 'mcount'
 * so that ftrace can find them quickly.
 * Copyright 2009 John F. Reiser <jreiser@BitWagon.com>.  All rights reserved.
 * Licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2).
 *
 * Restructured to fit Linux format, as well as other updates:
 *  Copyright 2010 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc.
 */

/*
 * Strategy: alter the .o file in-place.
 *
 * Append a new STRTAB that has the new section names, followed by a new array
 * ElfXX_Shdr[] that has the new section headers, followed by the section
 * contents for __mcount_loc and its relocations.  The old shstrtab strings,
 * and the old ElfXX_Shdr[] array, remain as "garbage" (commonly, a couple
 * kilobytes.)  Subsequent processing by /bin/ld (or the kernel module loader)
 * will ignore the garbage regions, because they are not designated by the
 * new .e_shoff nor the new ElfXX_Shdr[].  [In order to remove the garbage,
 * then use "ld -r" to create a new file that omits the garbage.]
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <elf.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/*
 * glibc synced up and added the metag number but didn't add the relocations.
 * Work around this in a crude manner for now.
 */
#ifndef EM_METAG
#define EM_METAG      174
#endif
#ifndef R_METAG_ADDR32
#define R_METAG_ADDR32                   2
#endif
#ifndef R_METAG_NONE
#define R_METAG_NONE                     3
#endif

#ifndef EM_AARCH64
#define EM_AARCH64	183
#define R_AARCH64_NONE		0
#define R_AARCH64_ABS64	257
#endif

#define R_ARM_PC24		1
#define R_ARM_THM_CALL		10
#define R_ARM_CALL		28

static int fd_map;	/* File descriptor for file being modified. */
static int mmap_failed; /* Boolean flag. */
static char gpfx;	/* prefix for global symbol name (sometimes '_') */
static struct stat sb;	/* Remember .st_size, etc. */
static jmp_buf jmpenv;	/* setjmp/longjmp per-file error escape */
static const char *altmcount;	/* alternate mcount symbol name */
static int warn_on_notrace_sect; /* warn when section has mcount not being recorded */
static void *file_map;	/* pointer of the mapped file */
static void *file_end;	/* pointer to the end of the mapped file */
static int file_updated; /* flag to state file was changed */
static void *file_ptr;	/* current file pointer location */
static void *file_append; /* added to the end of the file */
static size_t file_append_size; /* how much is added to end of file */

/* setjmp() return values */
enum {
	SJ_SETJMP = 0,  /* hardwired first return */
	SJ_FAIL,
	SJ_SUCCEED
};

/* Per-file resource cleanup when multiple files. */
static void
cleanup(void)
{
	if (!mmap_failed)
		munmap(file_map, sb.st_size);
	else
		free(file_map);
	file_map = NULL;
	free(file_append);
	file_append = NULL;
	file_append_size = 0;
	file_updated = 0;
}

static void __attribute__((noreturn))
fail_file(void)
{
	cleanup();
	longjmp(jmpenv, SJ_FAIL);
}

static void __attribute__((noreturn))
succeed_file(void)
{
	cleanup();
	longjmp(jmpenv, SJ_SUCCEED);
}

/* ulseek, uread, ...:  Check return value for errors. */

static off_t
ulseek(int const fd, off_t const offset, int const whence)
{
	switch (whence) {
	case SEEK_SET:
		file_ptr = file_map + offset;
		break;
	case SEEK_CUR:
		file_ptr += offset;
		break;
	case SEEK_END:
		file_ptr = file_map + (sb.st_size - offset);
		break;
	}
	if (file_ptr < file_map) {
		fprintf(stderr, "lseek: seek before file\n");
		fail_file();
	}
	return file_ptr - file_map;
}

static size_t
uread(int const fd, void *const buf, size_t const count)
{
	size_t const n = read(fd, buf, count);
	if (n != count) {
		perror("read");
		fail_file();
	}
	return n;
}

static size_t
uwrite(int const fd, void const *const buf, size_t const count)
{
	size_t cnt = count;
	off_t idx = 0;

	file_updated = 1;

	if (file_ptr + count >= file_end) {
		off_t aoffset = (file_ptr + count) - file_end;

		if (aoffset > file_append_size) {
			file_append = realloc(file_append, aoffset);
			file_append_size = aoffset;
		}
		if (!file_append) {
			perror("write");
			fail_file();
		}
		if (file_ptr < file_end) {
			cnt = file_end - file_ptr;
		} else {
			cnt = 0;
			idx = aoffset - count;
		}
	}

	if (cnt)
		memcpy(file_ptr, buf, cnt);

	if (cnt < count)
		memcpy(file_append + idx, buf + cnt, count - cnt);

	file_ptr += count;
	return count;
}

static void *
umalloc(size_t size)
{
	void *const addr = malloc(size);
	if (addr == 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed: %zu bytes\n", size);
		fail_file();
	}
	return addr;
}

static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_64[5] = { 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00 };
static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_32[5] = { 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00 };
static unsigned char *ideal_nop;

static char rel_type_nop;

static int (*make_nop)(void *map, size_t const offset);

static int make_nop_x86(void *map, size_t const offset)
{
	uint32_t *ptr;
	unsigned char *op;

	/* Confirm we have 0xe8 0x0 0x0 0x0 0x0 */
	ptr = map + offset;
	if (*ptr != 0)
		return -1;

	op = map + offset - 1;
	if (*op != 0xe8)
		return -1;

	/* convert to nop */
	ulseek(fd_map, offset - 1, SEEK_SET);
	uwrite(fd_map, ideal_nop, 5);
	return 0;
}

static unsigned char ideal_nop4_arm_le[4] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xe1 }; /* mov r0, r0 */
static unsigned char ideal_nop4_arm_be[4] = { 0xe1, 0xa0, 0x00, 0x00 }; /* mov r0, r0 */
static unsigned char *ideal_nop4_arm;

static unsigned char bl_mcount_arm_le[4] = { 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xeb }; /* bl */
static unsigned char bl_mcount_arm_be[4] = { 0xeb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe }; /* bl */
static unsigned char *bl_mcount_arm;

static unsigned char push_arm_le[4] = { 0x04, 0xe0, 0x2d, 0xe5 }; /* push {lr} */
static unsigned char push_arm_be[4] = { 0xe5, 0x2d, 0xe0, 0x04 }; /* push {lr} */
static unsigned char *push_arm;

static unsigned char ideal_nop2_thumb_le[2] = { 0x00, 0xbf }; /* nop */
static unsigned char ideal_nop2_thumb_be[2] = { 0xbf, 0x00 }; /* nop */
static unsigned char *ideal_nop2_thumb;

static unsigned char push_bl_mcount_thumb_le[6] = { 0x00, 0xb5, 0xff, 0xf7, 0xfe, 0xff }; /* push {lr}, bl */
static unsigned char push_bl_mcount_thumb_be[6] = { 0xb5, 0x00, 0xf7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe }; /* push {lr}, bl */
static unsigned char *push_bl_mcount_thumb;

static int make_nop_arm(void *map, size_t const offset)
{
	char *ptr;
	int cnt = 1;
	int nop_size;
	size_t off = offset;

	ptr = map + offset;
	if (memcmp(ptr, bl_mcount_arm, 4) == 0) {
		if (memcmp(ptr - 4, push_arm, 4) == 0) {
			off -= 4;
			cnt = 2;
		}
		ideal_nop = ideal_nop4_arm;
		nop_size = 4;
	} else if (memcmp(ptr - 2, push_bl_mcount_thumb, 6) == 0) {
		cnt = 3;
		nop_size = 2;
		off -= 2;
		ideal_nop = ideal_nop2_thumb;
	} else
		return -1;

	/* Convert to nop */
	ulseek(fd_map, off, SEEK_SET);

	do {
		uwrite(fd_map, ideal_nop, nop_size);
	} while (--cnt > 0);

	return 0;
}

static unsigned char ideal_nop4_arm64[4] = {0x1f, 0x20, 0x03, 0xd5};
static int make_nop_arm64(void *map, size_t const offset)
{
	uint32_t *ptr;

	ptr = map + offset;
	/* bl <_mcount> is 0x94000000 before relocation */
	if (*ptr != 0x94000000)
		return -1;

	/* Convert to nop */
	ulseek(fd_map, offset, SEEK_SET);
	uwrite(fd_map, ideal_nop, 4);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Get the whole file as a programming convenience in order to avoid
 * malloc+lseek+read+free of many pieces.  If successful, then mmap
 * avoids copying unused pieces; else just read the whole file.
 * Open for both read and write; new info will be appended to the file.
 * Use MAP_PRIVATE so that a few changes to the in-memory ElfXX_Ehdr
 * do not propagate to the file until an explicit overwrite at the last.
 * This preserves most aspects of consistency (all except .st_size)
 * for simultaneous readers of the file while we are appending to it.
 * However, multiple writers still are bad.  We choose not to use
 * locking because it is expensive and the use case of kernel build
 * makes multiple writers unlikely.
 */
static void *mmap_file(char const *fname)
{
	fd_map = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd_map < 0 || fstat(fd_map, &sb) < 0) {
		perror(fname);
		fail_file();
	}
	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "not a regular file: %s\n", fname);
		fail_file();
	}
	file_map = mmap(0, sb.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE,
			fd_map, 0);
	mmap_failed = 0;
	if (file_map == MAP_FAILED) {
		mmap_failed = 1;
		file_map = umalloc(sb.st_size);
		uread(fd_map, file_map, sb.st_size);
	}
	close(fd_map);

	file_end = file_map + sb.st_size;

	return file_map;
}

static void write_file(const char *fname)
{
	char tmp_file[strlen(fname) + 4];
	size_t n;

	if (!file_updated)
		return;

	sprintf(tmp_file, "%s.rc", fname);

	/*
	 * After reading the entire file into memory, delete it
	 * and write it back, to prevent weird side effects of modifying
	 * an object file in place.
	 */
	fd_map = open(tmp_file, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, sb.st_mode);
	if (fd_map < 0) {
		perror(fname);
		fail_file();
	}
	n = write(fd_map, file_map, sb.st_size);
	if (n != sb.st_size) {
		perror("write");
		fail_file();
	}
	if (file_append_size) {
		n = write(fd_map, file_append, file_append_size);
		if (n != file_append_size) {
			perror("write");
			fail_file();
		}
	}
	close(fd_map);
	if (rename(tmp_file, fname) < 0) {
		perror(fname);
		fail_file();
	}
}

/* w8rev, w8nat, ...: Handle endianness. */

static uint64_t w8rev(uint64_t const x)
{
	return   ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (7 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (6 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (2 * 8))) << (5 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (3 * 8))) << (4 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (4 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (5 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (6 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (7 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
}

static uint32_t w4rev(uint32_t const x)
{
	return   ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (2 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (3 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
}

static uint32_t w2rev(uint16_t const x)
{
	return   ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
	       | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
}

static uint64_t w8nat(uint64_t const x)
{
	return x;
}

static uint32_t w4nat(uint32_t const x)
{
	return x;
}

static uint32_t w2nat(uint16_t const x)
{
	return x;
}

static uint64_t (*w8)(uint64_t);
static uint32_t (*w)(uint32_t);
static uint32_t (*w2)(uint16_t);

/* Names of the sections that could contain calls to mcount. */
static int
is_mcounted_section_name(char const *const txtname)
{
	return strncmp(".text",          txtname, 5) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".init.text",     txtname) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".ref.text",      txtname) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".sched.text",    txtname) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".spinlock.text", txtname) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".irqentry.text", txtname) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".softirqentry.text", txtname) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".kprobes.text", txtname) == 0 ||
		strcmp(".cpuidle.text", txtname) == 0 ||
		(strncmp(".text.",       txtname, 6) == 0 &&
		 strcmp(".text..ftrace", txtname) != 0);
}

/* 32 bit and 64 bit are very similar */
#include "recordmcount.h"
#define RECORD_MCOUNT_64
#include "recordmcount.h"

static int arm_is_fake_mcount(Elf32_Rel const *rp)
{
	switch (ELF32_R_TYPE(w(rp->r_info))) {
	case R_ARM_THM_CALL:
	case R_ARM_CALL:
	case R_ARM_PC24:
		return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

/* 64-bit EM_MIPS has weird ELF64_Rela.r_info.
 * http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/manuals/4000/007-4658-001/pdf/007-4658-001.pdf
 * We interpret Table 29 Relocation Operation (Elf64_Rel, Elf64_Rela) [p.40]
 * to imply the order of the members; the spec does not say so.
 *	typedef unsigned char Elf64_Byte;
 * fails on MIPS64 because their <elf.h> already has it!
 */

typedef uint8_t myElf64_Byte;		/* Type for a 8-bit quantity.  */

union mips_r_info {
	Elf64_Xword r_info;
	struct {
		Elf64_Word r_sym;		/* Symbol index.  */
		myElf64_Byte r_ssym;		/* Special symbol.  */
		myElf64_Byte r_type3;		/* Third relocation.  */
		myElf64_Byte r_type2;		/* Second relocation.  */
		myElf64_Byte r_type;		/* First relocation.  */
	} r_mips;
};

static uint64_t MIPS64_r_sym(Elf64_Rel const *rp)
{
	return w(((union mips_r_info){ .r_info = rp->r_info }).r_mips.r_sym);
}

static void MIPS64_r_info(Elf64_Rel *const rp, unsigned sym, unsigned type)
{
	rp->r_info = ((union mips_r_info){
		.r_mips = { .r_sym = w(sym), .r_type = type }
	}).r_info;
}

static void
do_file(char const *const fname)
{
	Elf32_Ehdr *const ehdr = mmap_file(fname);
	unsigned int reltype = 0;

	w = w4nat;
	w2 = w2nat;
	w8 = w8nat;
	switch (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
		static unsigned int const endian = 1;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized ELF data encoding %d: %s\n",
			ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA], fname);
		fail_file();
		break;
	case ELFDATA2LSB:
		if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 1) {
			/* main() is big endian, file.o is little endian. */
			w = w4rev;
			w2 = w2rev;
			w8 = w8rev;
		}
		ideal_nop4_arm = ideal_nop4_arm_le;
		bl_mcount_arm = bl_mcount_arm_le;
		push_arm = push_arm_le;
		ideal_nop2_thumb = ideal_nop2_thumb_le;
		push_bl_mcount_thumb = push_bl_mcount_thumb_le;
		break;
	case ELFDATA2MSB:
		if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 0) {
			/* main() is little endian, file.o is big endian. */
			w = w4rev;
			w2 = w2rev;
			w8 = w8rev;
		}
		ideal_nop4_arm = ideal_nop4_arm_be;
		bl_mcount_arm = bl_mcount_arm_be;
		push_arm = push_arm_be;
		ideal_nop2_thumb = ideal_nop2_thumb_be;
		push_bl_mcount_thumb = push_bl_mcount_thumb_be;
		break;
	}  /* end switch */
	if (memcmp(ELFMAG, ehdr->e_ident, SELFMAG) != 0
	||  w2(ehdr->e_type) != ET_REL
	||  ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT) {
		fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized ET_REL file %s\n", fname);
		fail_file();
	}

	gpfx = 0;
	switch (w2(ehdr->e_machine)) {
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized e_machine %u %s\n",
			w2(ehdr->e_machine), fname);
		fail_file();
		break;
	case EM_386:
		reltype = R_386_32;
		rel_type_nop = R_386_NONE;
		make_nop = make_nop_x86;
		ideal_nop = ideal_nop5_x86_32;
		mcount_adjust_32 = -1;
		break;
	case EM_ARM:	 reltype = R_ARM_ABS32;
			 altmcount = "__gnu_mcount_nc";
			 make_nop = make_nop_arm;
			 rel_type_nop = R_ARM_NONE;
			 is_fake_mcount32 = arm_is_fake_mcount;
			 break;
	case EM_AARCH64:
			reltype = R_AARCH64_ABS64;
			make_nop = make_nop_arm64;
			rel_type_nop = R_AARCH64_NONE;
			ideal_nop = ideal_nop4_arm64;
			gpfx = '_';
			break;
	case EM_IA_64:	 reltype = R_IA64_IMM64;   gpfx = '_'; break;
	case EM_METAG:	 reltype = R_METAG_ADDR32;
			 altmcount = "_mcount_wrapper";
			 rel_type_nop = R_METAG_NONE;
			 /* We happen to have the same requirement as MIPS */
			 is_fake_mcount32 = MIPS32_is_fake_mcount;
			 break;
	case EM_MIPS:	 /* reltype: e_class    */ gpfx = '_'; break;
	case EM_PPC:	 reltype = R_PPC_ADDR32;   gpfx = '_'; break;
	case EM_PPC64:	 reltype = R_PPC64_ADDR64; gpfx = '_'; break;
	case EM_S390:    /* reltype: e_class    */ gpfx = '_'; break;
	case EM_SH:	 reltype = R_SH_DIR32;                 break;
	case EM_SPARCV9: reltype = R_SPARC_64;     gpfx = '_'; break;
	case EM_X86_64:
		make_nop = make_nop_x86;
		ideal_nop = ideal_nop5_x86_64;
		reltype = R_X86_64_64;
		rel_type_nop = R_X86_64_NONE;
		mcount_adjust_64 = -1;
		break;
	}  /* end switch */

	switch (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS]) {
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized ELF class %d %s\n",
			ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS], fname);
		fail_file();
		break;
	case ELFCLASS32:
		if (w2(ehdr->e_ehsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)
		||  w2(ehdr->e_shentsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Shdr)) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname);
			fail_file();
		}
		if (w2(ehdr->e_machine) == EM_MIPS) {
			reltype = R_MIPS_32;
			is_fake_mcount32 = MIPS32_is_fake_mcount;
		}
		do32(ehdr, fname, reltype);
		break;
	case ELFCLASS64: {
		Elf64_Ehdr *const ghdr = (Elf64_Ehdr *)ehdr;
		if (w2(ghdr->e_ehsize) != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)
		||  w2(ghdr->e_shentsize) != sizeof(Elf64_Shdr)) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname);
			fail_file();
		}
		if (w2(ghdr->e_machine) == EM_S390) {
			reltype = R_390_64;
			mcount_adjust_64 = -14;
		}
		if (w2(ghdr->e_machine) == EM_MIPS) {
			reltype = R_MIPS_64;
			Elf64_r_sym = MIPS64_r_sym;
			Elf64_r_info = MIPS64_r_info;
			is_fake_mcount64 = MIPS64_is_fake_mcount;
		}
		do64(ghdr, fname, reltype);
		break;
	}
	}  /* end switch */

	write_file(fname);
	cleanup();
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	const char ftrace[] = "/ftrace.o";
	int ftrace_size = sizeof(ftrace) - 1;
	int n_error = 0;  /* gcc-4.3.0 false positive complaint */
	int c;
	int i;

	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "w")) >= 0) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'w':
			warn_on_notrace_sect = 1;
			break;
		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "usage: recordmcount [-w] file.o...\n");
			return 0;
		}
	}

	if ((argc - optind) < 1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "usage: recordmcount [-w] file.o...\n");
		return 0;
	}

	/* Process each file in turn, allowing deep failure. */
	for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
		char *file = argv[i];
		int const sjval = setjmp(jmpenv);
		int len;

		/*
		 * The file kernel/trace/ftrace.o references the mcount
		 * function but does not call it. Since ftrace.o should
		 * not be traced anyway, we just skip it.
		 */
		len = strlen(file);
		if (len >= ftrace_size &&
		    strcmp(file + (len - ftrace_size), ftrace) == 0)
			continue;

		switch (sjval) {
		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "internal error: %s\n", file);
			exit(1);
			break;
		case SJ_SETJMP:    /* normal sequence */
			/* Avoid problems if early cleanup() */
			fd_map = -1;
			mmap_failed = 1;
			file_map = NULL;
			file_ptr = NULL;
			file_updated = 0;
			do_file(file);
			break;
		case SJ_FAIL:    /* error in do_file or below */
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed\n", file);
			++n_error;
			break;
		case SJ_SUCCEED:    /* premature success */
			/* do nothing */
			break;
		}  /* end switch */
	}
	return !!n_error;
}