diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/stringExpressions.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/stringExpressions.scala
index 259556826ad9..f2237540afde 100755
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/stringExpressions.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/stringExpressions.scala
@@ -2426,21 +2426,34 @@ case class Chr(child: Expression)
   """,
   since = "1.5.0",
   group = "string_funcs")
-case class Base64(child: Expression)
+case class Base64(child: Expression, chunkBase64: Boolean = SQLConf.get.chunkBase64StringEnabled)
   extends UnaryExpression with ImplicitCastInputTypes with NullIntolerant {
 
+  lazy val encoder: JBase64.Encoder = if (chunkBase64) {
+    JBase64.getMimeEncoder
+  } else {
+    JBase64.getMimeEncoder(-1, Array())
+  }
+
   override def dataType: DataType = StringType
   override def inputTypes: Seq[DataType] = Seq(BinaryType)
 
   protected override def nullSafeEval(bytes: Any): Any = {
-    UTF8String.fromBytes(JBase64.getMimeEncoder.encode(bytes.asInstanceOf[Array[Byte]]))
+    UTF8String.fromBytes(encoder.encode(bytes.asInstanceOf[Array[Byte]]))
   }
 
   override def doGenCode(ctx: CodegenContext, ev: ExprCode): ExprCode = {
     nullSafeCodeGen(ctx, ev, (child) => {
-      s"""${ev.value} = UTF8String.fromBytes(
-            ${classOf[JBase64].getName}.getMimeEncoder().encode($child));
-       """})
+      if (chunkBase64) {
+        s"""${ev.value} = UTF8String.fromBytes(
+             ${classOf[JBase64].getName}.getMimeEncoder().encode($child));
+        """
+      } else {
+        s"""${ev.value} = UTF8String.fromBytes(
+             ${classOf[JBase64].getName}.getMimeEncoder(-1, new byte[0]).encode($child));
+        """
+      }
+    })
   }
 
   override protected def withNewChildInternal(newChild: Expression): Base64 = copy(child = newChild)
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala
index bc4734775c77..f1ece91f25e9 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/internal/SQLConf.scala
@@ -3318,6 +3318,13 @@ object SQLConf {
     .booleanConf
     .createWithDefault(false)
 
+  val CHUNK_BASE_64_STRING_ENABLED = buildConf("spark.sql.chunkBase64String.enabled")
+    .doc("When true, base64 strings generated by the base64 function are chunked into lines of " +
+      "at most 76 characters. When false, the base64 strings are not chunked.")
+    .version("4.0.0")
+    .booleanConf
+    .createWithDefault(true)
+
   val ENABLE_DEFAULT_COLUMNS =
     buildConf("spark.sql.defaultColumn.enabled")
       .internal()
@@ -5398,6 +5405,8 @@ class SQLConf extends Serializable with Logging with SqlApiConf {
 
   def ansiRelationPrecedence: Boolean = ansiEnabled && getConf(ANSI_RELATION_PRECEDENCE)
 
+  def chunkBase64StringEnabled: Boolean = getConf(CHUNK_BASE_64_STRING_ENABLED)
+
   def timestampType: AtomicType = getConf(TIMESTAMP_TYPE) match {
     case "TIMESTAMP_LTZ" =>
       // For historical reason, the TimestampType maps to TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/StringExpressionsSuite.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/StringExpressionsSuite.scala
index 98f33e209994..a3b6b4ac865b 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/StringExpressionsSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/StringExpressionsSuite.scala
@@ -506,6 +506,13 @@ class StringExpressionsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with ExpressionEvalHelper {
     GenerateUnsafeProjection.generate(StringDecode(b, Literal("\"quote")) :: Nil)
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-47307: base64 encoding without chunking") {
+    val longString = "a" * 58
+    val encoded = "YWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYQ=="
+
+    checkEvaluation(Base64(Literal(longString.getBytes), false), encoded, create_row("abcdefgh"))
+  }
+
   test("initcap unit test") {
     checkEvaluation(InitCap(Literal.create(null, StringType)), null)
     checkEvaluation(InitCap(Literal("a b")), "A B")
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/analyzer-results/charvarchar.sql.out b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/analyzer-results/charvarchar.sql.out
index 4f556d6dbc0b..d1f304c66c32 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/analyzer-results/charvarchar.sql.out
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/analyzer-results/charvarchar.sql.out
@@ -458,10 +458,24 @@ Project [ascii(c7#x) AS ascii(c7)#x, ascii(c8#x) AS ascii(c8)#x, ascii(v#x) AS a
 -- !query
 select base64(c7), base64(c8), base64(v), ascii(s) from char_tbl4
 -- !query analysis
-Project [base64(cast(c7#x as binary)) AS base64(c7)#x, base64(cast(c8#x as binary)) AS base64(c8)#x, base64(cast(v#x as binary)) AS base64(v)#x, ascii(s#x) AS ascii(s)#x]
-+- SubqueryAlias spark_catalog.default.char_tbl4
-   +- Project [staticinvoke(class org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.CharVarcharCodegenUtils, StringType, readSidePadding, c7#x, 7, true, false, true) AS c7#x, staticinvoke(class org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.CharVarcharCodegenUtils, StringType, readSidePadding, c8#x, 8, true, false, true) AS c8#x, v#x, s#x]
-      +- Relation spark_catalog.default.char_tbl4[c7#x,c8#x,v#x,s#x] parquet
+org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+{
+  "errorClass" : "WRONG_NUM_ARGS.WITHOUT_SUGGESTION",
+  "sqlState" : "42605",
+  "messageParameters" : {
+    "actualNum" : "1",
+    "docroot" : "https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest",
+    "expectedNum" : "0",
+    "functionName" : "`base64`"
+  },
+  "queryContext" : [ {
+    "objectType" : "",
+    "objectName" : "",
+    "startIndex" : 8,
+    "stopIndex" : 17,
+    "fragment" : "base64(c7)"
+  } ]
+}
 
 
 -- !query
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/charvarchar.sql.out b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/charvarchar.sql.out
index 3ad363abd31b..fcc7ffe3ac2f 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/charvarchar.sql.out
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/charvarchar.sql.out
@@ -839,17 +839,26 @@ NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL
 -- !query
 select base64(c7), base64(c8), base64(v), ascii(s) from char_tbl4
 -- !query schema
-struct<base64(c7):string,base64(c8):string,base64(v):string,ascii(s):int>
+struct<>
 -- !query output
-NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL
-NULL	NULL	Uw==	NULL
-TiAgICAgIA==	TiAgICAgICA=	TiA=	78
-TmUgICAgIA==	TmUgICAgICA=	U3A=	78
-TmV0ICAgIA==	TmV0ICAgICA=	U3BhICA=	78
-TmV0RSAgIA==	TmV0RSAgICA=	U3Bhcg==	78
-TmV0RWEgIA==	TmV0RWEgICA=	U3Bhcmsg	78
-TmV0RWFzIA==	TmV0RWFzICA=	U3Bhcms=	78
-TmV0RWFzZQ==	TmV0RWFzZSA=	U3Bhcmst	78
+org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+{
+  "errorClass" : "WRONG_NUM_ARGS.WITHOUT_SUGGESTION",
+  "sqlState" : "42605",
+  "messageParameters" : {
+    "actualNum" : "1",
+    "docroot" : "https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest",
+    "expectedNum" : "0",
+    "functionName" : "`base64`"
+  },
+  "queryContext" : [ {
+    "objectType" : "",
+    "objectName" : "",
+    "startIndex" : 8,
+    "stopIndex" : 17,
+    "fragment" : "base64(c7)"
+  } ]
+}
 
 
 -- !query
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/benchmark/Base64Benchmark.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/benchmark/Base64Benchmark.scala
index 3ad6baea84f2..a021477e88a0 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/benchmark/Base64Benchmark.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/benchmark/Base64Benchmark.scala
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ object Base64Benchmark extends SqlBasedBenchmark {
     Seq(1, 3, 5, 7).map { len =>
       val benchmark = new Benchmark(s"encode for $len", N, output = output)
       benchmark.addCase("java", 3) { _ =>
-        doEncode(len, x => java.util.Base64.getMimeEncoder().encode(x))
+        doEncode(len, x => java.util.Base64.getMimeEncoder.encode(x))
       }
       benchmark.addCase(s"apache", 3) { _ =>
         doEncode(len, org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64)