diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/planning/patterns.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/planning/patterns.scala
index 3c35ba9b6004..bbda9eb76b10 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/planning/patterns.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/planning/patterns.scala
@@ -137,11 +137,22 @@ object ScanOperation extends OperationHelper {
     val alwaysInline = SQLConf.get.getConf(SQLConf.COLLAPSE_PROJECT_ALWAYS_INLINE)
     val (fields, filters, child, _) = collectProjectsAndFilters(plan, alwaysInline)
     // `collectProjectsAndFilters` transforms the plan bottom-up, so the bottom-most filter are
-    // placed at the beginning of `filters` list. According to the SQL semantic, we can only
-    // push down the bottom deterministic filters.
-    val filtersCanPushDown = filters.takeWhile(_.deterministic).flatMap(splitConjunctivePredicates)
-    val filtersStayUp = filters.dropWhile(_.deterministic)
-    Some((fields.getOrElse(child.output), filtersStayUp, filtersCanPushDown, child))
+    // placed at the beginning of `filters` list. According to the SQL semantic, we cannot merge
+    // Filters if one or more of them are nondeterministic. This means we can only push down the
+    // bottom-most Filter, or more following deterministic Filters if the bottom-most Filter is
+    // also deterministic.
+    if (filters.isEmpty) {
+      Some((fields.getOrElse(child.output), Nil, Nil, child))
+    } else if (filters.head.deterministic) {
+      val filtersCanPushDown = filters.takeWhile(_.deterministic)
+        .flatMap(splitConjunctivePredicates)
+      val filtersStayUp = filters.dropWhile(_.deterministic)
+      Some((fields.getOrElse(child.output), filtersStayUp, filtersCanPushDown, child))
+    } else {
+      val filtersCanPushDown = splitConjunctivePredicates(filters.head)
+      val filtersStayUp = filters.drop(1)
+      Some((fields.getOrElse(child.output), filtersStayUp, filtersCanPushDown, child))
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/FileBasedDataSourceSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/FileBasedDataSourceSuite.scala
index 98cb54ccbbc3..cf5f8d990f79 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/FileBasedDataSourceSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/FileBasedDataSourceSuite.scala
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ import org.apache.hadoop.fs.{LocalFileSystem, Path}
 import org.apache.spark.SparkException
 import org.apache.spark.scheduler.{SparkListener, SparkListenerTaskEnd}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.TestingUDT.{IntervalUDT, NullData, NullUDT}
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.AttributeReference
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{AttributeReference, GreaterThan, Literal}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.IntegralLiteralTestUtils.{negativeInt, positiveInt}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.Filter
-import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.SimpleMode
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.{FileSourceScanLike, SimpleMode}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.adaptive.AdaptiveSparkPlanHelper
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.FilePartition
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.v2.{BatchScanExec, FileScan}
@@ -1074,6 +1074,24 @@ class FileBasedDataSourceSuite extends QueryTest
       checkAnswer(df, Row("v1", "v2"))
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-41017: filter pushdown with nondeterministic predicates") {
+    withTempPath { path =>
+      val pathStr = path.getCanonicalPath
+      spark.range(10).write.parquet(pathStr)
+      Seq("parquet", "").foreach { useV1SourceList =>
+        withSQLConf(SQLConf.USE_V1_SOURCE_LIST.key -> useV1SourceList) {
+          val scan = spark.read.parquet(pathStr)
+          val df = scan.where(rand() > 0.5 && $"id" > 5)
+          val filters = df.queryExecution.executedPlan.collect {
+            case f: FileSourceScanLike => f.dataFilters
+            case b: BatchScanExec => b.scan.asInstanceOf[FileScan].dataFilters
+          }.flatten
+          assert(filters.contains(GreaterThan(scan.logicalPlan.output.head, Literal(5L))))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 object TestingUDT {