[SPARK-22961][REGRESSION] Constant columns should generate QueryPlanConstraints

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

#19201 introduced the following regression: given something like `df.withColumn("c", lit(2))`, we're no longer picking up `c === 2` as a constraint and infer filters from it when joins are involved, which may lead to noticeable performance degradation.

This patch re-enables this optimization by picking up Aliases of Literals in Projection lists as constraints and making sure they're not treated as aliased columns.

## How was this patch tested?

Unit test was added.

Author: Adrian Ionescu <[email protected]>

Closes #20155 from adrian-ionescu/constant_constraints.

Author: adrian-ionescu

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/LogicalPlan.scala

@@ -247,6 +247,8 @@ abstract class UnaryNode extends LogicalPlan {
   protected def getAliasedConstraints(projectList: Seq[NamedExpression]): Set[Expression] = {
     var allConstraints = child.constraints.asInstanceOf[Set[Expression]]
     projectList.foreach {
+      case a @ Alias(l: Literal, _) =>
+        allConstraints += EqualTo(a.toAttribute, l)
       case a @ Alias(e, _) =>
         // For every alias in `projectList`, replace the reference in constraints by its attribute.
         allConstraints ++= allConstraints.map(_ transform {

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/QueryPlanConstraints.scala

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ trait QueryPlanConstraints { self: LogicalPlan =>
   // we may avoid producing recursive constraints.
   private lazy val aliasMap: AttributeMap[Expression] = AttributeMap(
     expressions.collect {
-      case a: Alias => (a.toAttribute, a.child)
+      case a: Alias if !a.child.isInstanceOf[Literal] => (a.toAttribute, a.child)
     } ++ children.flatMap(_.asInstanceOf[QueryPlanConstraints].aliasMap))
     // Note: the explicit cast is necessary, since Scala compiler fails to infer the type.
 

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/InferFiltersFromConstraintsSuite.scala

@@ -236,4 +236,17 @@ class InferFiltersFromConstraintsSuite extends PlanTest {
       comparePlans(optimized, originalQuery)
     }
   }
+
+  test("constraints should be inferred from aliased literals") {
+    val originalLeft = testRelation.subquery('left).as("left")
+    val optimizedLeft = testRelation.subquery('left).where(IsNotNull('a) && 'a === 2).as("left")
+
+    val right = Project(Seq(Literal(2).as("two")), testRelation.subquery('right)).as("right")
+    val condition = Some("left.a".attr === "right.two".attr)
+
+    val original = originalLeft.join(right, Inner, condition)
+    val correct = optimizedLeft.join(right, Inner, condition)
+
+    comparePlans(Optimize.execute(original.analyze), correct.analyze)
+  }
 }