[SPARK-32282][SQL] Improve EnsureRquirement.reorderJoinKeys to handle more scenarios such as PartitioningCollection

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR proposes to improve  `EnsureRquirement.reorderJoinKeys` to handle the following scenarios:
1. If the keys cannot be reordered to match the left-side `HashPartitioning`, consider the right-side `HashPartitioning`.
2. Handle `PartitioningCollection`, which may contain `HashPartitioning`

### Why are the changes needed?

1. For the scenario 1), the current behavior matches either the left-side `HashPartitioning` or the right-side `HashPartitioning`. This means that if both sides are `HashPartitioning`, it will try to match only the left side.
The following will not consider the right-side `HashPartitioning`:
```
val df1 = (0 until 10).map(i => (i % 5, i % 13)).toDF("i1", "j1")
val df2 = (0 until 10).map(i => (i % 7, i % 11)).toDF("i2", "j2")
df1.write.format("parquet").bucketBy(4, "i1", "j1").saveAsTable("t1")df2.write.format("parquet").bucketBy(4, "i2", "j2").saveAsTable("t2")
val t1 = spark.table("t1")
val t2 = spark.table("t2")
val join = t1.join(t2, t1("i1") === t2("j2") && t1("i1") === t2("i2"))
 join.explain

== Physical Plan ==
*(5) SortMergeJoin [i1#26, i1#26], [j2#31, i2#30], Inner
:- *(2) Sort [i1#26 ASC NULLS FIRST, i1#26 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
:  +- Exchange hashpartitioning(i1#26, i1#26, 4), true, [id=#69]
:     +- *(1) Project [i1#26, j1#27]
:        +- *(1) Filter isnotnull(i1#26)
:           +- *(1) ColumnarToRow
:              +- FileScan parquet default.t1[i1#26,j1#27] Batched: true, DataFilters: [isnotnull(i1#26)], Format: Parquet, Location: InMemoryFileIndex[..., PartitionFilters: [], PushedFilters: [IsNotNull(i1)], ReadSchema: struct<i1:int,j1:int>, SelectedBucketsCount: 4 out of 4
+- *(4) Sort [j2#31 ASC NULLS FIRST, i2#30 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0.
   +- Exchange hashpartitioning(j2#31, i2#30, 4), true, [id=#79].       <===== This can be removed
      +- *(3) Project [i2#30, j2#31]
         +- *(3) Filter (((j2#31 = i2#30) AND isnotnull(j2#31)) AND isnotnull(i2#30))
            +- *(3) ColumnarToRow
               +- FileScan parquet default.t2[i2#30,j2#31] Batched: true, DataFilters: [(j2#31 = i2#30), isnotnull(j2#31), isnotnull(i2#30)], Format: Parquet, Location: InMemoryFileIndex[..., PartitionFilters: [], PushedFilters: [IsNotNull(j2), IsNotNull(i2)], ReadSchema: struct<i2:int,j2:int>, SelectedBucketsCount: 4 out of 4

```

2.  For the scenario 2), the current behavior does not handle `PartitioningCollection`:
```
val df1 = (0 until 100).map(i => (i % 5, i % 13)).toDF("i1", "j1")
val df2 = (0 until 100).map(i => (i % 7, i % 11)).toDF("i2", "j2")
val df3 = (0 until 100).map(i => (i % 5, i % 13)).toDF("i3", "j3")
val join = df1.join(df2, df1("i1") === df2("i2") && df1("j1") === df2("j2")) // PartitioningCollection
val join2 = join.join(df3, join("j1") === df3("j3") && join("i1") === df3("i3"))
join2.explain

== Physical Plan ==
*(9) SortMergeJoin [j1#8, i1#7], [j3#30, i3#29], Inner
:- *(6) Sort [j1#8 ASC NULLS FIRST, i1#7 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0.       <===== This can be removed
:  +- Exchange hashpartitioning(j1#8, i1#7, 5), true, [id=#58]             <===== This can be removed
:     +- *(5) SortMergeJoin [i1#7, j1#8], [i2#18, j2#19], Inner
:        :- *(2) Sort [i1#7 ASC NULLS FIRST, j1#8 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
:        :  +- Exchange hashpartitioning(i1#7, j1#8, 5), true, [id=#45]
:        :     +- *(1) Project [_1#2 AS i1#7, _2#3 AS j1#8]
:        :        +- *(1) LocalTableScan [_1#2, _2#3]
:        +- *(4) Sort [i2#18 ASC NULLS FIRST, j2#19 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
:           +- Exchange hashpartitioning(i2#18, j2#19, 5), true, [id=#51]
:              +- *(3) Project [_1#13 AS i2#18, _2#14 AS j2#19]
:                 +- *(3) LocalTableScan [_1#13, _2#14]
+- *(8) Sort [j3#30 ASC NULLS FIRST, i3#29 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
   +- Exchange hashpartitioning(j3#30, i3#29, 5), true, [id=#64]
      +- *(7) Project [_1#24 AS i3#29, _2#25 AS j3#30]
         +- *(7) LocalTableScan [_1#24, _2#25]
```
### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

Yes, now from the above examples, the shuffle/sort nodes pointed by `This can be removed` are now removed:
1. Senario 1):
```
== Physical Plan ==
*(4) SortMergeJoin [i1#26, i1#26], [i2#30, j2#31], Inner
:- *(2) Sort [i1#26 ASC NULLS FIRST, i1#26 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
:  +- Exchange hashpartitioning(i1#26, i1#26, 4), true, [id=#67]
:     +- *(1) Project [i1#26, j1#27]
:        +- *(1) Filter isnotnull(i1#26)
:           +- *(1) ColumnarToRow
:              +- FileScan parquet default.t1[i1#26,j1#27] Batched: true, DataFilters: [isnotnull(i1#26)], Format: Parquet, Location: InMemoryFileIndex[..., PartitionFilters: [], PushedFilters: [IsNotNull(i1)], ReadSchema: struct<i1:int,j1:int>, SelectedBucketsCount: 4 out of 4
+- *(3) Sort [i2#30 ASC NULLS FIRST, j2#31 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
   +- *(3) Project [i2#30, j2#31]
      +- *(3) Filter (((j2#31 = i2#30) AND isnotnull(j2#31)) AND isnotnull(i2#30))
         +- *(3) ColumnarToRow
            +- FileScan parquet default.t2[i2#30,j2#31] Batched: true, DataFilters: [(j2#31 = i2#30), isnotnull(j2#31), isnotnull(i2#30)], Format: Parquet, Location: InMemoryFileIndex[..., PartitionFilters: [], PushedFilters: [IsNotNull(j2), IsNotNull(i2)], ReadSchema: struct<i2:int,j2:int>, SelectedBucketsCount: 4 out of 4
```
2. Scenario 2):
```
== Physical Plan ==
*(8) SortMergeJoin [i1#7, j1#8], [i3#29, j3#30], Inner
:- *(5) SortMergeJoin [i1#7, j1#8], [i2#18, j2#19], Inner
:  :- *(2) Sort [i1#7 ASC NULLS FIRST, j1#8 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
:  :  +- Exchange hashpartitioning(i1#7, j1#8, 5), true, [id=#43]
:  :     +- *(1) Project [_1#2 AS i1#7, _2#3 AS j1#8]
:  :        +- *(1) LocalTableScan [_1#2, _2#3]
:  +- *(4) Sort [i2#18 ASC NULLS FIRST, j2#19 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
:     +- Exchange hashpartitioning(i2#18, j2#19, 5), true, [id=#49]
:        +- *(3) Project [_1#13 AS i2#18, _2#14 AS j2#19]
:           +- *(3) LocalTableScan [_1#13, _2#14]
+- *(7) Sort [i3#29 ASC NULLS FIRST, j3#30 ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
   +- Exchange hashpartitioning(i3#29, j3#30, 5), true, [id=#58]
      +- *(6) Project [_1#24 AS i3#29, _2#25 AS j3#30]
         +- *(6) LocalTableScan [_1#24, _2#25]
```

### How was this patch tested?

Added tests.

Closes #29074 from imback82/reorder_keys.

Authored-by: Terry Kim <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <[email protected]>

Author: imback82

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/exchange/EnsureRequirements.scala

@@ -135,9 +135,14 @@ case class EnsureRequirements(conf: SQLConf) extends Rule[SparkPlan] {
       leftKeys: IndexedSeq[Expression],
       rightKeys: IndexedSeq[Expression],
       expectedOrderOfKeys: Seq[Expression],
-      currentOrderOfKeys: Seq[Expression]): (Seq[Expression], Seq[Expression]) = {
+      currentOrderOfKeys: Seq[Expression]): Option[(Seq[Expression], Seq[Expression])] = {
     if (expectedOrderOfKeys.size != currentOrderOfKeys.size) {
-      return (leftKeys, rightKeys)
+      return None
+    }
+
+    // Check if the current order already satisfies the expected order.
+    if (expectedOrderOfKeys.zip(currentOrderOfKeys).forall(p => p._1.semanticEquals(p._2))) {
+      return Some(leftKeys, rightKeys)
     }
 
     // Build a lookup between an expression and the positions its holds in the current key seq.
@@ -164,10 +169,10 @@ case class EnsureRequirements(conf: SQLConf) extends Rule[SparkPlan] {
           rightKeysBuffer += rightKeys(index)
         case _ =>
           // The expression cannot be found, or we have exhausted all indices for that expression.
-          return (leftKeys, rightKeys)
+          return None
       }
     }
-    (leftKeysBuffer.toSeq, rightKeysBuffer.toSeq)
+    Some(leftKeysBuffer.toSeq, rightKeysBuffer.toSeq)
   }
 
   private def reorderJoinKeys(
@@ -176,19 +181,48 @@ case class EnsureRequirements(conf: SQLConf) extends Rule[SparkPlan] {
       leftPartitioning: Partitioning,
       rightPartitioning: Partitioning): (Seq[Expression], Seq[Expression]) = {
     if (leftKeys.forall(_.deterministic) && rightKeys.forall(_.deterministic)) {
-      (leftPartitioning, rightPartitioning) match {
-        case (HashPartitioning(leftExpressions, _), _) =>
-          reorder(leftKeys.toIndexedSeq, rightKeys.toIndexedSeq, leftExpressions, leftKeys)
-        case (_, HashPartitioning(rightExpressions, _)) =>
-          reorder(leftKeys.toIndexedSeq, rightKeys.toIndexedSeq, rightExpressions, rightKeys)
-        case _ =>
-          (leftKeys, rightKeys)
-      }
+      reorderJoinKeysRecursively(
+        leftKeys,
+        rightKeys,
+        Some(leftPartitioning),
+        Some(rightPartitioning))
+        .getOrElse((leftKeys, rightKeys))
     } else {
       (leftKeys, rightKeys)
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Recursively reorders the join keys based on partitioning. It starts reordering the
+   * join keys to match HashPartitioning on either side, followed by PartitioningCollection.
+   */
+  private def reorderJoinKeysRecursively(
+      leftKeys: Seq[Expression],
+      rightKeys: Seq[Expression],
+      leftPartitioning: Option[Partitioning],
+      rightPartitioning: Option[Partitioning]): Option[(Seq[Expression], Seq[Expression])] = {
+    (leftPartitioning, rightPartitioning) match {
+      case (Some(HashPartitioning(leftExpressions, _)), _) =>
+        reorder(leftKeys.toIndexedSeq, rightKeys.toIndexedSeq, leftExpressions, leftKeys)
+          .orElse(reorderJoinKeysRecursively(
+            leftKeys, rightKeys, None, rightPartitioning))
+      case (_, Some(HashPartitioning(rightExpressions, _))) =>
+        reorder(leftKeys.toIndexedSeq, rightKeys.toIndexedSeq, rightExpressions, rightKeys)
+          .orElse(reorderJoinKeysRecursively(
+            leftKeys, rightKeys, leftPartitioning, None))
+      case (Some(PartitioningCollection(partitionings)), _) =>
+        partitionings.foldLeft(Option.empty[(Seq[Expression], Seq[Expression])]) { (res, p) =>
+          res.orElse(reorderJoinKeysRecursively(leftKeys, rightKeys, Some(p), rightPartitioning))
+        }.orElse(reorderJoinKeysRecursively(leftKeys, rightKeys, None, rightPartitioning))
+      case (_, Some(PartitioningCollection(partitionings))) =>
+        partitionings.foldLeft(Option.empty[(Seq[Expression], Seq[Expression])]) { (res, p) =>
+          res.orElse(reorderJoinKeysRecursively(leftKeys, rightKeys, leftPartitioning, Some(p)))
+        }.orElse(None)
+      case _ =>
+        None
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * When the physical operators are created for JOIN, the ordering of join keys is based on order
    * in which the join keys appear in the user query. That might not match with the output

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/exchange/EnsureRequirementsSuite.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.Literal
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.Inner
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.physical.{HashPartitioning, PartitioningCollection}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.{DummySparkPlan, SortExec}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.joins.SortMergeJoinExec
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+
+class EnsureRequirementsSuite extends SharedSparkSession {
+  private val exprA = Literal(1)
+  private val exprB = Literal(2)
+  private val exprC = Literal(3)
+
+  test("reorder should handle PartitioningCollection") {
+    val plan1 = DummySparkPlan(
+      outputPartitioning = PartitioningCollection(Seq(
+        HashPartitioning(exprA :: exprB :: Nil, 5),
+        HashPartitioning(exprA :: Nil, 5))))
+    val plan2 = DummySparkPlan()
+
+    // Test PartitioningCollection on the left side of join.
+    val smjExec1 = SortMergeJoinExec(
+      exprB :: exprA :: Nil, exprA :: exprB :: Nil, Inner, None, plan1, plan2)
+    EnsureRequirements(spark.sessionState.conf).apply(smjExec1) match {
+      case SortMergeJoinExec(leftKeys, rightKeys, _, _,
+        SortExec(_, _, DummySparkPlan(_, _, _: PartitioningCollection, _, _), _),
+        SortExec(_, _, ShuffleExchangeExec(_: HashPartitioning, _, _), _), _) =>
+        assert(leftKeys === Seq(exprA, exprB))
+        assert(rightKeys === Seq(exprB, exprA))
+      case other => fail(other.toString)
+    }
+
+    // Test PartitioningCollection on the right side of join.
+    val smjExec2 = SortMergeJoinExec(
+      exprA :: exprB :: Nil, exprB :: exprA :: Nil, Inner, None, plan2, plan1)
+    EnsureRequirements(spark.sessionState.conf).apply(smjExec2) match {
+      case SortMergeJoinExec(leftKeys, rightKeys, _, _,
+        SortExec(_, _, ShuffleExchangeExec(_: HashPartitioning, _, _), _),
+        SortExec(_, _, DummySparkPlan(_, _, _: PartitioningCollection, _, _), _), _) =>
+        assert(leftKeys === Seq(exprB, exprA))
+        assert(rightKeys === Seq(exprA, exprB))
+      case other => fail(other.toString)
+    }
+
+    // Both sides are PartitioningCollection, but left side cannot be reorderd to match
+    // and it should fall back to the right side.
+    val smjExec3 = SortMergeJoinExec(
+      exprA :: exprC :: Nil, exprB :: exprA :: Nil, Inner, None, plan1, plan1)
+    EnsureRequirements(spark.sessionState.conf).apply(smjExec3) match {
+      case SortMergeJoinExec(leftKeys, rightKeys, _, _,
+        SortExec(_, _, ShuffleExchangeExec(_: HashPartitioning, _, _), _),
+        SortExec(_, _, DummySparkPlan(_, _, _: PartitioningCollection, _, _), _), _) =>
+        assert(leftKeys === Seq(exprC, exprA))
+        assert(rightKeys === Seq(exprA, exprB))
+      case other => fail(other.toString)
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("reorder should fallback to the other side partitioning") {
+    val plan1 = DummySparkPlan(
+      outputPartitioning = HashPartitioning(exprA :: exprB :: exprC :: Nil, 5))
+    val plan2 = DummySparkPlan(
+      outputPartitioning = HashPartitioning(exprB :: exprC :: Nil, 5))
+
+    // Test fallback to the right side, which has HashPartitioning.
+    val smjExec1 = SortMergeJoinExec(
+      exprA :: exprB :: Nil, exprC :: exprB :: Nil, Inner, None, plan1, plan2)
+    EnsureRequirements(spark.sessionState.conf).apply(smjExec1) match {
+      case SortMergeJoinExec(leftKeys, rightKeys, _, _,
+        SortExec(_, _, ShuffleExchangeExec(_: HashPartitioning, _, _), _),
+        SortExec(_, _, DummySparkPlan(_, _, _: HashPartitioning, _, _), _), _) =>
+        assert(leftKeys === Seq(exprB, exprA))
+        assert(rightKeys === Seq(exprB, exprC))
+      case other => fail(other.toString)
+    }
+
+    // Test fallback to the right side, which has PartitioningCollection.
+    val plan3 = DummySparkPlan(
+      outputPartitioning = PartitioningCollection(Seq(HashPartitioning(exprB :: exprC :: Nil, 5))))
+    val smjExec2 = SortMergeJoinExec(
+      exprA :: exprB :: Nil, exprC :: exprB :: Nil, Inner, None, plan1, plan3)
+    EnsureRequirements(spark.sessionState.conf).apply(smjExec2) match {
+      case SortMergeJoinExec(leftKeys, rightKeys, _, _,
+        SortExec(_, _, ShuffleExchangeExec(_: HashPartitioning, _, _), _),
+        SortExec(_, _, DummySparkPlan(_, _, _: PartitioningCollection, _, _), _), _) =>
+        assert(leftKeys === Seq(exprB, exprA))
+        assert(rightKeys === Seq(exprB, exprC))
+      case other => fail(other.toString)
+    }
+
+    // The right side has HashPartitioning, so it is matched first, but no reordering match is
+    // found, and it should fall back to the left side, which has a PartitioningCollection.
+    val smjExec3 = SortMergeJoinExec(
+      exprC :: exprB :: Nil, exprA :: exprB :: Nil, Inner, None, plan3, plan1)
+    EnsureRequirements(spark.sessionState.conf).apply(smjExec3) match {
+      case SortMergeJoinExec(leftKeys, rightKeys, _, _,
+        SortExec(_, _, DummySparkPlan(_, _, _: PartitioningCollection, _, _), _),
+        SortExec(_, _, ShuffleExchangeExec(_: HashPartitioning, _, _), _), _) =>
+        assert(leftKeys === Seq(exprB, exprC))
+        assert(rightKeys === Seq(exprB, exprA))
+      case other => fail(other.toString)
+    }
+  }
+}