diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/BaseRowDelta.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/BaseRowDelta.java
index 8a1371311b30..4d80b01a6324 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/BaseRowDelta.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/BaseRowDelta.java
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ public RowDelta validateNoConflictingAppends(Expression newConflictDetectionFilt
   protected void validate(TableMetadata base) {
     if (base.currentSnapshot() != null) {
       if (!referencedDataFiles.isEmpty()) {
-        validateDataFilesExist(base, startingSnapshotId, referencedDataFiles, !validateDeletes);
+        validateDataFilesExist(
+            base, startingSnapshotId, referencedDataFiles, !validateDeletes, conflictDetectionFilter);
       }
 
       // TODO: does this need to check new delete files?
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/MergingSnapshotProducer.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/MergingSnapshotProducer.java
index f26412b27bbd..f907314dad69 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/MergingSnapshotProducer.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/MergingSnapshotProducer.java
@@ -318,7 +318,8 @@ protected void validateNoNewDeletesForDataFiles(TableMetadata base, Long startin
 
   @SuppressWarnings("CollectionUndefinedEquality")
   protected void validateDataFilesExist(TableMetadata base, Long startingSnapshotId,
-                                        CharSequenceSet requiredDataFiles, boolean skipDeletes) {
+                                        CharSequenceSet requiredDataFiles, boolean skipDeletes,
+                                        Expression conflictDetectionFilter) {
     // if there is no current table state, no files have been removed
     if (base.currentSnapshot() == null) {
       return;
@@ -339,6 +340,10 @@ protected void validateDataFilesExist(TableMetadata base, Long startingSnapshotI
         .specsById(base.specsById())
         .ignoreExisting();
 
+    if (conflictDetectionFilter != null) {
+      matchingDeletesGroup.filterData(conflictDetectionFilter);
+    }
+
     try (CloseableIterator<ManifestEntry<DataFile>> deletes = matchingDeletesGroup.entries().iterator()) {
       if (deletes.hasNext()) {
         throw new ValidationException("Cannot commit, missing data files: %s",
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestRowDelta.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestRowDelta.java
index 6a5c43cd25ee..c1dae7da46ee 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestRowDelta.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestRowDelta.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 import org.apache.iceberg.ManifestEntry.Status;
 import org.apache.iceberg.exceptions.ValidationException;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expression;
 import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expressions;
 import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Sets;
@@ -629,4 +630,124 @@ public void testFastAppendDoesNotRemoveStaleDeleteFiles() {
         files(FILE_A_DELETES),
         statuses(Status.ADDED));
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testValidateDataFilesExistWithConflictDetectionFilter() {
+    // change the spec to be partitioned by data
+    table.updateSpec()
+        .removeField(Expressions.bucket("data", 16))
+        .addField(Expressions.ref("data"))
+        .commit();
+
+    // add a data file to partition A
+    DataFile dataFile1 = DataFiles.builder(table.spec())
+        .withPath("/path/to/data-a.parquet")
+        .withFileSizeInBytes(10)
+        .withPartitionPath("data=a")
+        .withRecordCount(1)
+        .build();
+
+    table.newAppend()
+        .appendFile(dataFile1)
+        .commit();
+
+    // add a data file to partition B
+    DataFile dataFile2 = DataFiles.builder(table.spec())
+        .withPath("/path/to/data-b.parquet")
+        .withFileSizeInBytes(10)
+        .withPartitionPath("data=b")
+        .withRecordCount(1)
+        .build();
+
+    table.newAppend()
+        .appendFile(dataFile2)
+        .commit();
+
+    // use this snapshot as the starting snapshot in rowDelta
+    Snapshot baseSnapshot = table.currentSnapshot();
+
+    // add a delete file for partition A
+    DeleteFile deleteFile = FileMetadata.deleteFileBuilder(table.spec())
+        .ofPositionDeletes()
+        .withPath("/path/to/data-a-deletes.parquet")
+        .withFileSizeInBytes(10)
+        .withPartitionPath("data=a")
+        .withRecordCount(1)
+        .build();
+
+    Expression conflictDetectionFilter = Expressions.equal("data", "a");
+    RowDelta rowDelta = table.newRowDelta()
+        .addDeletes(deleteFile)
+        .validateDataFilesExist(ImmutableList.of(dataFile1.path()))
+        .validateDeletedFiles()
+        .validateFromSnapshot(baseSnapshot.snapshotId())
+        .validateNoConflictingAppends(conflictDetectionFilter);
+
+    // concurrently delete the file for partition B
+    table.newDelete()
+        .deleteFile(dataFile2)
+        .commit();
+
+    // commit the delta for partition A
+    rowDelta.commit();
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("Table should have one new delete manifest",
+        1, table.currentSnapshot().deleteManifests().size());
+    ManifestFile deletes = table.currentSnapshot().deleteManifests().get(0);
+    validateDeleteManifest(deletes,
+        seqs(4),
+        ids(table.currentSnapshot().snapshotId()),
+        files(deleteFile),
+        statuses(Status.ADDED));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testValidateDataFilesDoNotExistWithConflictDetectionFilter() {
+    // change the spec to be partitioned by data
+    table.updateSpec()
+        .removeField(Expressions.bucket("data", 16))
+        .addField(Expressions.ref("data"))
+        .commit();
+
+    // add a data file to partition A
+    DataFile dataFile1 = DataFiles.builder(table.spec())
+        .withPath("/path/to/data-a.parquet")
+        .withFileSizeInBytes(10)
+        .withPartitionPath("data=a")
+        .withRecordCount(1)
+        .build();
+
+    table.newAppend()
+        .appendFile(dataFile1)
+        .commit();
+
+    // use this snapshot as the starting snapshot in rowDelta
+    Snapshot baseSnapshot = table.currentSnapshot();
+
+    // add a delete file for partition A
+    DeleteFile deleteFile = FileMetadata.deleteFileBuilder(table.spec())
+        .ofPositionDeletes()
+        .withPath("/path/to/data-a-deletes.parquet")
+        .withFileSizeInBytes(10)
+        .withPartitionPath("data=a")
+        .withRecordCount(1)
+        .build();
+
+    Expression conflictDetectionFilter = Expressions.equal("data", "a");
+    RowDelta rowDelta = table.newRowDelta()
+        .addDeletes(deleteFile)
+        .validateDataFilesExist(ImmutableList.of(dataFile1.path()))
+        .validateDeletedFiles()
+        .validateFromSnapshot(baseSnapshot.snapshotId())
+        .validateNoConflictingAppends(conflictDetectionFilter);
+
+    // concurrently delete the file for partition A
+    table.newDelete()
+        .deleteFile(dataFile1)
+        .commit();
+
+    AssertHelpers.assertThrows("Should fail to add deletes because data file is missing",
+        ValidationException.class, "Cannot commit, missing data files",
+        rowDelta::commit);
+  }
 }