diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_lz4.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_lz4.cc
index 365cd0f523e..bb0295e6858 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_lz4.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_lz4.cc
@@ -417,38 +417,52 @@ class Lz4HadoopCodec : public Lz4Codec {
 
   int64_t TryDecompressHadoop(int64_t input_len, const uint8_t* input,
                               int64_t output_buffer_len, uint8_t* output_buffer) {
-    // Parquet files written with the Hadoop Lz4Codec contain at the beginning
-    // of the input buffer two uint32_t's representing (in this order) expected
-    // decompressed size in bytes and expected compressed size in bytes.
+    // Parquet files written with the Hadoop Lz4Codec use their own framing.
+    // The input buffer can contain an arbitrary number of "frames", each
+    // with the following structure:
+    // - bytes 0..3: big-endian uint32_t representing the frame decompressed size
+    // - bytes 4..7: big-endian uint32_t representing the frame compressed size
+    // - bytes 8...: frame compressed data
     //
     // The Hadoop Lz4Codec source code can be found here:
     // https://github.com/apache/hadoop/blob/trunk/hadoop-mapreduce-project/hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-nativetask/src/main/native/src/codec/Lz4Codec.cc
-    if (input_len < kPrefixLength) {
-      return kNotHadoop;
-    }
-
-    const uint32_t expected_decompressed_size =
-        BitUtil::FromBigEndian(SafeLoadAs<uint32_t>(input));
-    const uint32_t expected_compressed_size =
-        BitUtil::FromBigEndian(SafeLoadAs<uint32_t>(input + sizeof(uint32_t)));
-    const int64_t lz4_compressed_buffer_size = input_len - kPrefixLength;
-
-    // We use a heuristic to determine if the parquet file being read
-    // was compressed using the Hadoop Lz4Codec.
-    if (lz4_compressed_buffer_size == expected_compressed_size) {
-      // Parquet file was likely compressed with Hadoop Lz4Codec.
-      auto maybe_decompressed_size =
-          Lz4Codec::Decompress(lz4_compressed_buffer_size, input + kPrefixLength,
-                               output_buffer_len, output_buffer);
-
-      if (maybe_decompressed_size.ok() &&
-          *maybe_decompressed_size == expected_decompressed_size) {
-        return *maybe_decompressed_size;
+    int64_t total_decompressed_size = 0;
+
+    while (input_len >= kPrefixLength) {
+      const uint32_t expected_decompressed_size =
+          BitUtil::FromBigEndian(SafeLoadAs<uint32_t>(input));
+      const uint32_t expected_compressed_size =
+          BitUtil::FromBigEndian(SafeLoadAs<uint32_t>(input + sizeof(uint32_t)));
+      input += kPrefixLength;
+      input_len -= kPrefixLength;
+
+      if (input_len < expected_compressed_size) {
+        // Not enough bytes for Hadoop "frame"
+        return kNotHadoop;
+      }
+      if (output_buffer_len < expected_decompressed_size) {
+        // Not enough bytes to hold advertised output => probably not Hadoop
+        return kNotHadoop;
       }
+      // Try decompressing and compare with expected decompressed length
+      auto maybe_decompressed_size = Lz4Codec::Decompress(
+          expected_compressed_size, input, output_buffer_len, output_buffer);
+      if (!maybe_decompressed_size.ok() ||
+          *maybe_decompressed_size != expected_decompressed_size) {
+        return kNotHadoop;
+      }
+      input += expected_compressed_size;
+      input_len -= expected_compressed_size;
+      output_buffer += expected_decompressed_size;
+      output_buffer_len -= expected_decompressed_size;
+      total_decompressed_size += expected_decompressed_size;
     }
 
-    // Parquet file was compressed without Hadoop Lz4Codec (or data is corrupt)
-    return kNotHadoop;
+    if (input_len == 0) {
+      return total_decompressed_size;
+    } else {
+      return kNotHadoop;
+    }
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/reader_test.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/reader_test.cc
index 8dbcde8e5f2..78aa0693cb9 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/reader_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/reader_test.cc
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ std::string non_hadoop_lz4_compressed() {
   return data_file("non_hadoop_lz4_compressed.parquet");
 }
 
+// Larger data compressed using custom Hadoop LZ4 format (several frames)
+std::string hadoop_lz4_compressed_larger() {
+  return data_file("hadoop_lz4_compressed_larger.parquet");
+}
+
 // TODO: Assert on definition and repetition levels
 template <typename DType, typename ValueType>
 void AssertColumnValues(std::shared_ptr<TypedColumnReader<DType>> col, int64_t batch_size,
@@ -553,6 +558,33 @@ TEST_P(TestCodec, FileMetadataAndValues) {
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Lz4CodecTests, TestCodec,
                          ::testing::Values(hadoop_lz4_compressed(),
                                            non_hadoop_lz4_compressed()));
+
+TEST(TestLz4HadoopCodec, TestSeveralFrames) {
+  // ARROW-9177: Hadoop can compress a data block in several LZ4 "frames"
+  auto file = ParquetFileReader::OpenFile(hadoop_lz4_compressed_larger());
+  auto group = file->RowGroup(0);
+
+  const int64_t kNumRows = 10000;
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(kNumRows, file->metadata()->num_rows());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->metadata()->num_columns());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->metadata()->num_row_groups());
+  ASSERT_EQ(kNumRows, group->metadata()->num_rows());
+
+  // column 0 ("a")
+  auto col = checked_pointer_cast<ByteArrayReader>(group->Column(0));
+
+  std::vector<ByteArray> values(kNumRows);
+  int64_t values_read;
+  auto levels_read =
+      col->ReadBatch(kNumRows, nullptr, nullptr, values.data(), &values_read);
+  ASSERT_EQ(kNumRows, levels_read);
+  ASSERT_EQ(kNumRows, values_read);
+  ASSERT_EQ(values[0], ByteArray("c7ce6bef-d5b0-4863-b199-8ea8c7fb117b"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(values[1], ByteArray("e8fb9197-cb9f-4118-b67f-fbfa65f61843"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(values[kNumRows - 2], ByteArray("ab52a0cc-c6bb-4d61-8a8f-166dc4b8b13c"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(values[kNumRows - 1], ByteArray("85440778-460a-41ac-aa2e-ac3ee41696bf"));
+}
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace parquet
diff --git a/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing b/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing
index d914f9d2894..e31fe1a02c9 160000
--- a/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing
+++ b/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit d914f9d289488c7db1759d7a88a4a1b8f062c7dd
+Subproject commit e31fe1a02c9e9f271e4bfb8002d403c52f1ef8eb