diff --git a/ci/appveyor-cpp-setup.bat b/ci/appveyor-cpp-setup.bat
index 809907a3d1c..616232d202c 100644
--- a/ci/appveyor-cpp-setup.bat
+++ b/ci/appveyor-cpp-setup.bat
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ if "%JOB%" NEQ "Build_Debug" (
     "ninja" ^
     "nomkl" ^
     "pandas" ^
+    "fsspec" ^
     "python=%PYTHON%" ^
     || exit /B
 )
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/filesystem.py b/python/pyarrow/filesystem.py
index c634984a70b..d6c11f5e8dd 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/filesystem.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/filesystem.py
@@ -446,10 +446,6 @@ def _ensure_filesystem(fs):
         for mro in inspect.getmro(fs_type):
             if mro.__name__ == 'S3FileSystem':
                 return S3FSWrapper(fs)
-            # In case its a simple LocalFileSystem (e.g. dask) use native arrow
-            # FS
-            elif mro.__name__ == 'LocalFileSystem':
-                return LocalFileSystem._get_instance()
 
         if "fsspec" in sys.modules:
             fsspec = sys.modules["fsspec"]
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_parquet.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_parquet.py
index 37e104303af..8b4ec900963 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_parquet.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_parquet.py
@@ -4339,3 +4339,19 @@ def test_parquet_dataset_new_filesystem(tempdir):
     dataset = pq.ParquetDataset('.', filesystem=filesystem)
     result = dataset.read()
     assert result.equals(table)
+
+
+def test_parquet_dataset_partitions_piece_path_with_fsspec(tempdir):
+    # ARROW-10462 ensure that on Windows we properly use posix-style paths
+    # as used by fsspec
+    fsspec = pytest.importorskip("fsspec")
+    filesystem = fsspec.filesystem('file')
+    table = pa.table({'a': [1, 2, 3]})
+    pq.write_table(table, tempdir / 'data.parquet')
+
+    # pass a posix-style path (using "/" also on Windows)
+    path = str(tempdir).replace("\\", "/")
+    dataset = pq.ParquetDataset(path, filesystem=filesystem)
+    # ensure the piece path is also posix-style
+    expected = path + "/data.parquet"
+    assert dataset.pieces[0].path == expected