diff --git a/java/vector/src/main/codegen/templates/UnionFixedSizeListWriter.java b/java/vector/src/main/codegen/templates/UnionFixedSizeListWriter.java
index e7f3e3935d2..013d60e1db7 100644
--- a/java/vector/src/main/codegen/templates/UnionFixedSizeListWriter.java
+++ b/java/vector/src/main/codegen/templates/UnionFixedSizeListWriter.java
@@ -174,16 +174,25 @@ public void end() {
 
   @Override
   public void write(DecimalHolder holder) {
+    if (writer.idx() >= (idx() + 1) * listSize) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("values at index %s is greater than listSize %s", idx(), listSize));
+    }
     writer.write(holder);
     writer.setPosition(writer.idx() + 1);
   }
 
   public void writeDecimal(int start, ArrowBuf buffer) {
+    if (writer.idx() >= (idx() + 1) * listSize) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("values at index %s is greater than listSize %s", idx(), listSize));
+    }
     writer.writeDecimal(start, buffer);
     writer.setPosition(writer.idx() + 1);
   }
 
   public void writeDecimal(BigDecimal value) {
+    if (writer.idx() >= (idx() + 1) * listSize) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("values at index %s is greater than listSize %s", idx(), listSize));
+    }
     writer.writeDecimal(value);
     writer.setPosition(writer.idx() + 1);
   }
diff --git a/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestFixedSizeListVector.java b/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestFixedSizeListVector.java
index 6843daf5cf0..df3ba85a100 100644
--- a/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestFixedSizeListVector.java
+++ b/java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/TestFixedSizeListVector.java
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.arrow.memory.BufferAllocator;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.FixedSizeListVector;
@@ -265,6 +268,54 @@ public void testUnionFixedSizeListWriter() throws Exception {
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testWriteDecimal() throws Exception {
+    try (final FixedSizeListVector vector = FixedSizeListVector.empty("vector", /*listSize=*/3, allocator)) {
+
+      UnionFixedSizeListWriter writer = vector.getWriter();
+      writer.allocate();
+
+      final int valueCount = 100;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < valueCount; i++) {
+        writer.startList();
+        writer.decimal().writeDecimal(new BigDecimal(i));
+        writer.decimal().writeDecimal(new BigDecimal(i * 2));
+        writer.decimal().writeDecimal(new BigDecimal(i * 3));
+        writer.endList();
+      }
+      vector.setValueCount(valueCount);
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < valueCount; i++) {
+        List<BigDecimal> values = (List<BigDecimal>) vector.getObject(i);
+        assertEquals(3, values.size());
+        assertEquals(new BigDecimal(i), values.get(0));
+        assertEquals(new BigDecimal(i * 2), values.get(1));
+        assertEquals(new BigDecimal(i * 3), values.get(2));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDecimalIndexCheck() throws Exception {
+    try (final FixedSizeListVector vector = FixedSizeListVector.empty("vector", /*listSize=*/3, allocator)) {
+
+      UnionFixedSizeListWriter writer = vector.getWriter();
+      writer.allocate();
+
+      IllegalStateException e = assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
+        writer.startList();
+        writer.decimal().writeDecimal(new BigDecimal(1));
+        writer.decimal().writeDecimal(new BigDecimal(2));
+        writer.decimal().writeDecimal(new BigDecimal(3));
+        writer.decimal().writeDecimal(new BigDecimal(4));
+        writer.endList();
+      });
+      assertEquals("values at index 0 is greater than listSize 3", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+
   @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
   public void testWriteIllegalData() throws Exception {
     try (final FixedSizeListVector vector1 = FixedSizeListVector.empty("vector", 3, allocator)) {