diff --git a/python/pyarrow/table.pxi b/python/pyarrow/table.pxi
index b65dac4cba4..5e6078b7254 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/table.pxi
+++ b/python/pyarrow/table.pxi
@@ -1551,9 +1551,8 @@ def record_batch(data, names=None, schema=None, metadata=None):
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    data : pandas.DataFrame, dict, list
-        A DataFrame, mapping of strings to Arrays or Python lists, or list of
-        arrays or chunked arrays
+    data : pandas.DataFrame, list
+        A DataFrame or list of arrays or chunked arrays.
     names : list, default None
         Column names if list of arrays passed as data. Mutually exclusive with
         'schema' argument
@@ -1569,7 +1568,7 @@ def record_batch(data, names=None, schema=None, metadata=None):
 
     See Also
     --------
-    RecordBatch.from_arrays, RecordBatch.from_pandas, Table.from_pydict
+    RecordBatch.from_arrays, RecordBatch.from_pandas, table
     """
     # accept schema as first argument for backwards compatibility / usability
     if isinstance(names, Schema) and schema is None:
@@ -1579,10 +1578,10 @@ def record_batch(data, names=None, schema=None, metadata=None):
     if isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
         return RecordBatch.from_arrays(data, names=names, schema=schema,
                                        metadata=metadata)
-    elif isinstance(data, _pandas_api.pd.DataFrame):
+    elif _pandas_api.is_data_frame(data):
         return RecordBatch.from_pandas(data, schema=schema)
     else:
-        return TypeError("Expected pandas DataFrame or python dictionary")
+        raise TypeError("Expected pandas DataFrame or list of arrays")
 
 
 def table(data, names=None, schema=None, metadata=None):
@@ -1628,7 +1627,7 @@ def table(data, names=None, schema=None, metadata=None):
             raise ValueError(
                 "The 'names' argument is not valid when passing a dictionary")
         return Table.from_pydict(data, schema=schema, metadata=metadata)
-    elif isinstance(data, _pandas_api.pd.DataFrame):
+    elif _pandas_api.is_data_frame(data):
         if names is not None or metadata is not None:
             raise ValueError(
                 "The 'names' and 'metadata' arguments are not valid when "
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_table.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_table.py
index 6fe7ba3baaa..3649405d5c6 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_table.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_table.py
@@ -1183,10 +1183,13 @@ def test_table_factory_function_args_pandas():
     assert table.column('a').type == pa.int32()
 
 
-def test_table_factory_function_invalid_input():
+def test_factory_functions_invalid_input():
     with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Expected pandas DataFrame, python"):
         pa.table("invalid input")
 
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Expected pandas DataFrame"):
+        pa.record_batch("invalid input")
+
 
 def test_table_function_unicode_schema():
     col_a = "äääh"