diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/array.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/array.cc
index 9ad29790377..66ab766ed7c 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/array.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/array.cc
@@ -1234,6 +1234,7 @@ struct ValidateVisitor {
   }
 
   Status Visit(const StructArray& array) {
+    const auto& struct_type = checked_cast<const StructType&>(*array.type());
     if (array.num_fields() > 0) {
       // Validate fields
       int64_t array_length = array.field(0)->length();
@@ -1245,10 +1246,17 @@ struct ValidateVisitor {
                                  it->type()->ToString(), " at position [", idx, "]");
         }
 
+        auto it_type = struct_type.child(i)->type();
+        if (!it->type()->Equals(it_type)) {
+          return Status::Invalid("Child array at position [", idx,
+                                 "] does not match type field: ", it->type()->ToString(),
+                                 " vs ", it_type->ToString());
+        }
+
         const Status child_valid = it->Validate();
         if (!child_valid.ok()) {
           return Status::Invalid("Child array invalid: ", child_valid.ToString(),
-                                 " at position [", idx, "}");
+                                 " at position [", idx, "]");
         }
         ++idx;
       }
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/array.pxi b/python/pyarrow/array.pxi
index e47327ff2d4..cec3c2b4e73 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/array.pxi
+++ b/python/pyarrow/array.pxi
@@ -1290,7 +1290,9 @@ cdef class UnionArray(Array):
             check_status(CUnionArray.MakeDense(
                 deref(types.ap), deref(value_offsets.ap), c, c_field_names,
                 c_type_codes, &out))
-        return pyarrow_wrap_array(out)
+        cdef Array result = pyarrow_wrap_array(out)
+        result.validate()
+        return result
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_sparse(Array types, list children, list field_names=None,
@@ -1328,7 +1330,9 @@ cdef class UnionArray(Array):
                                                 c_field_names,
                                                 c_type_codes,
                                                 &out))
-        return pyarrow_wrap_array(out)
+        cdef Array result = pyarrow_wrap_array(out)
+        result.validate()
+        return result
 
 
 cdef class StringArray(Array):
@@ -1503,7 +1507,9 @@ cdef class DictionaryArray(Array):
             c_result.reset(new CDictionaryArray(c_type, _indices.sp_array,
                                                 _dictionary.sp_array))
 
-        return pyarrow_wrap_array(c_result)
+        cdef Array result = pyarrow_wrap_array(c_result)
+        result.validate()
+        return result
 
 
 cdef class StructArray(Array):
@@ -1628,7 +1634,9 @@ cdef class StructArray(Array):
         else:
             c_result = CStructArray.MakeFromFields(
                 c_arrays, c_fields, shared_ptr[CBuffer](), -1, 0)
-        return pyarrow_wrap_array(GetResultValue(c_result))
+        cdef Array result = pyarrow_wrap_array(GetResultValue(c_result))
+        result.validate()
+        return result
 
 
 cdef class ExtensionArray(Array):
@@ -1667,7 +1675,9 @@ cdef class ExtensionArray(Array):
                             "for extension type {1}".format(storage.type, typ))
 
         ext_array = make_shared[CExtensionArray](typ.sp_type, storage.sp_array)
-        return pyarrow_wrap_array(<shared_ptr[CArray]> ext_array)
+        cdef Array result = pyarrow_wrap_array(<shared_ptr[CArray]> ext_array)
+        result.validate()
+        return result
 
 
 cdef dict _array_classes = {
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_array.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_array.py
index 9aa8a7c8b48..3cc96de5529 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_array.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_array.py
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ def test_struct_from_buffers():
 
 
 def test_struct_from_arrays():
-    a = pa.array([4, 5, 6])
+    a = pa.array([4, 5, 6], type=pa.int64())
     b = pa.array(["bar", None, ""])
     c = pa.array([[1, 2], None, [3, None]])
     expected_list = [
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ def test_struct_from_arrays():
     # From fields
     fa = pa.field("a", a.type, nullable=False)
     fb = pa.field("b", b.type)
-    fc = pa.field("c", b.type)
+    fc = pa.field("c", c.type)
     arr = pa.StructArray.from_arrays([a, b, c], fields=[fa, fb, fc])
     assert arr.type == pa.struct([fa, fb, fc])
     assert not arr.type[0].nullable
@@ -460,6 +460,11 @@ def test_struct_from_arrays():
     assert arr.type == pa.struct([])
     assert arr.to_pylist() == []
 
+    # Inconsistent fields
+    fa2 = pa.field("a", pa.int32())
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="int64 vs int32"):
+        pa.StructArray.from_arrays([a, b, c], fields=[fa2, fb, fc])
+
 
 def test_dictionary_from_numpy():
     indices = np.repeat([0, 1, 2], 2)