diff --git a/ci/docker/centos-7-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/centos-7-cpp.dockerfile
index 1f30eed694e..cfa2dbe6e44 100644
--- a/ci/docker/centos-7-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/centos-7-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ RUN \
     make \
     openssl-devel \
     openssl11-devel \
+    patch \
     wget \
     which
 
diff --git a/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile
index dff1f222480..08ce5b5ca90 100644
--- a/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ RUN mamba install -q -y \
         compilers \
         doxygen \
         libnuma \
+        patch \
         python=${python} \
         ucx \
         ucx-proc=*=cpu \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
index e17c0306f11..c8818980ff8 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         git \
         libssl-dev \
         libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+        patch \
         python3-pip \
         tzdata \
         wget && \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile
index d78c7a99cf4..55fd81123c6 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         ninja-build \
         nlohmann-json3-dev \
         npm \
+        patch \
         pkg-config \
         protobuf-compiler \
         python3-dev \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
index 341d8a87e86..64f9e4d17c8 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         git \
         libssl-dev \
         libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+        patch \
         python3-pip \
         tzdata \
         wget && \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile
index f12e7456add..950da29becf 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         ninja-build \
         nlohmann-json3-dev \
         npm \
+        patch \
         pkg-config \
         protobuf-compiler \
         protobuf-compiler-grpc \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
index a995ab2a8bc..f24b4958449 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal.dockerfile
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         git \
         libssl-dev \
         libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+        patch \
         python3-pip \
         tzdata \
         tzdata-legacy \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
index 7d0772c33a2..ccaccee3fd0 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         ninja-build \
         nlohmann-json3-dev \
         npm \
+        patch \
         pkg-config \
         protobuf-compiler \
         protobuf-compiler-grpc \
diff --git a/ci/scripts/r_docker_configure.sh b/ci/scripts/r_docker_configure.sh
index 8a962fe576c..0241c85a68e 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/r_docker_configure.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/r_docker_configure.sh
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ fi
 
 # Install rsync for bundling cpp source and curl to make sure it is installed on all images,
 # cmake is now a listed sys req.
-$PACKAGE_MANAGER install -y rsync cmake curl
+$PACKAGE_MANAGER install -y rsync cmake curl patch
 
 # Workaround for html help install failure; see https://github.com/r-lib/devtools/issues/2084#issuecomment-530912786
 Rscript -e 'x <- file.path(R.home("doc"), "html"); if (!file.exists(x)) {dir.create(x, recursive=TRUE); file.copy(system.file("html/R.css", package="stats"), x)}'
diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
index 495aa704836..920381c3168 100644
--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
+++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
@@ -1353,26 +1353,9 @@ macro(build_snappy)
   set(SNAPPY_CMAKE_ARGS
       ${EP_COMMON_CMAKE_ARGS} -DSNAPPY_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DSNAPPY_BUILD_BENCHMARKS=OFF
       "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${SNAPPY_PREFIX}")
-  # Snappy unconditionally enables -Werror when building with clang this can lead
-  # to build failures by way of new compiler warnings. This adds a flag to disable
-  # Werror to the very end of the invocation to override the snappy internal setting.
-  if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
-    foreach(CONFIG DEBUG MINSIZEREL RELEASE RELWITHDEBINFO)
-      list(APPEND
-           SNAPPY_CMAKE_ARGS
-           "-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_${UPPERCASE_BUILD_TYPE}=${EP_CXX_FLAGS_${CONFIG}} -Wno-error"
-      )
-    endforeach()
-  endif()
-
-  if(APPLE AND CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_VERSION VERSION_LESS 20)
-    # On macOS 10.13 we need to explicitly add <functional> to avoid a missing include error
-    # This can be removed once CRAN no longer checks on macOS 10.13
-    find_program(PATCH patch REQUIRED)
-    set(SNAPPY_PATCH_COMMAND ${PATCH} -p1 -i ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/snappy.diff)
-  else()
-    set(SNAPPY_PATCH_COMMAND)
-  endif()
+  # See comments in snappy.diff.
+  find_program(PATCH patch REQUIRED)
+  set(SNAPPY_PATCH_COMMAND ${PATCH} -p1 -i ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/snappy.diff)
 
   if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Emscripten")
     # ignore linker flag errors, as Snappy sets
diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/snappy.diff b/cpp/cmake_modules/snappy.diff
index e763636e1da..b41b31df621 100644
--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/snappy.diff
+++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/snappy.diff
@@ -14,9 +14,41 @@
 # KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
-#
-# https://github.com/google/snappy/pull/172
 
+# 1. Snappy unconditionally enables -Werror when building with clang this can lead
+# to build failures by way of new compiler warnings. This adds a flag to disable
+# -Werror to the very end of the invocation to override the snappy internal setting.
+# 2. Snappy unconditionally disables RTTI, which is incompatible with some other
+# build settings (https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/43688).
+# 3. On macOS 10.13 we need to explicitly add <functional> to avoid a missing
+# include error. This can be removed once CRAN no longer checks on macOS 10.13
+# (https://github.com/google/snappy/pull/172).
+
+diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
+index c3062e2..21b49a7 100644
+--- a/CMakeLists.txt
++++ b/CMakeLists.txt
+@@ -66,20 +66,9 @@ else(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wextra")
+   endif(NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-Wextra")
+
+-  # Use -Werror for clang only.
+-  if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+-    if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-Werror")
+-      set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Werror")
+-    endif(NOT CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "-Werror")
+-  endif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+-
+   # Disable C++ exceptions.
+   string(REGEX REPLACE "-fexceptions" "" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
+   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fno-exceptions")
+-
+-  # Disable RTTI.
+-  string(REGEX REPLACE "-frtti" "" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
+-  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fno-rtti")
+ endif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+
+ # BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to make
 diff --git a/snappy.cc b/snappy.cc
 index d414718..5b0d0d6 100644
 --- a/snappy.cc
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index daa5c74bcb9..14eeeeee6e5 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -1889,6 +1889,9 @@ services:
     command: >
       /bin/bash -c "
         git config --global --add safe.directory /arrow &&
+        python3 -m venv /build/pyvenv &&
+        source /build/pyvenv/bin/activate &&
+        pip install -U pip setuptools &&
         pip install arrow/dev/archery[lint] &&
         archery lint --all --no-clang-tidy --no-iwyu --no-numpydoc --src /arrow"