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libmicro.c
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libmicro.c
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/*
* CDDL HEADER START
*
* The contents of this file are subject to the terms
* of the Common Development and Distribution License
* (the "License"). You may not use this file except
* in compliance with the License.
*
* You can obtain a copy of the license at
* src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
* or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
* See the License for the specific language governing
* permissions and limitations under the License.
*
* When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL
* HEADER in each file and include the License file at
* usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. If applicable,
* add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
* fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your
* own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy]
* [name of copyright owner]
*
* CDDL HEADER END
*/
/*
* Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* Use is subject to license terms.
*/
/*
* benchmarking routines
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <limits.h>
#ifdef __sun
#include <sys/elf.h>
#endif
#include "libmicro.h"
/*
* user visible globals
*/
int lm_argc = 0;
char ** lm_argv = NULL;
int lm_opt1;
int lm_optA;
int lm_optB;
int lm_optC = 100;
int lm_optD;
int lm_optE;
int lm_optH;
int lm_optI;
int lm_optL = 0;
int lm_optM = 0;
char *lm_optN;
int lm_optP;
int lm_optS;
int lm_optT;
int lm_optW;
int lm_def1 = 0;
int lm_defB = 0; /* use lm_nsecs_per_op */
int lm_defD = 10;
int lm_defH = 0;
char *lm_defN = NULL;
int lm_defP = 1;
int lm_defS = 0;
int lm_defT = 1;
/*
* default on fast platform, should be overridden by individual
* benchmarks if significantly wrong in either direction.
*/
int lm_nsecs_per_op = 5;
char *lm_procpath;
char lm_procname[STRSIZE];
char lm_usage[STRSIZE];
char lm_optstr[STRSIZE];
char lm_header[STRSIZE];
size_t lm_tsdsize = 0;
/*
* Globals we do not export to the user
*/
static barrier_t *lm_barrier;
static pid_t *pids = NULL;
static pthread_t *tids = NULL;
static int pindex = -1;
static void *tsdseg = NULL;
static size_t tsdsize = 0;
#ifdef USE_RDTSC
static long long lm_hz = 0;
#endif
/*
* Forward references
*/
static void worker_process();
static void usage();
static void print_stats(barrier_t *);
static void print_histo(barrier_t *);
static int remove_outliers(double *, int, stats_t *);
static long long nsecs_overhead;
static long long nsecs_resolution;
static long long get_nsecs_overhead();
static int crunch_stats(double *, int, stats_t *);
static void compute_stats(barrier_t *);
/*
* main routine; renamed in this file to allow linking with other
* files
*/
int
actual_main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
int opt;
extern char *optarg;
char *tmp;
char optstr[256];
barrier_t *b;
long long startnsecs;
#ifdef USE_RDTSC
if (getenv("LIBMICRO_HZ") == NULL) {
(void) printf("LIBMICRO_HZ needed but not set\n");
exit(1);
}
lm_hz = strtoll(getenv("LIBMICRO_HZ"), NULL, 10);
#endif
startnsecs = getnsecs();
lm_argc = argc;
lm_argv = argv;
/* before we do anything */
(void) benchmark_init();
nsecs_overhead = get_nsecs_overhead();
nsecs_resolution = get_nsecs_resolution();
/*
* Set defaults
*/
lm_opt1 = lm_def1;
lm_optB = lm_defB;
lm_optD = lm_defD;
lm_optH = lm_defH;
lm_optN = lm_defN;
lm_optP = lm_defP;
lm_optS = lm_defS;
lm_optT = lm_defT;
/*
* squirrel away the path to the current
* binary in a way that works on both
* Linux and Solaris
*/
if (*argv[0] == '/') {
lm_procpath = strdup(argv[0]);
*strrchr(lm_procpath, '/') = 0;
} else {
char path[1024];
(void) getcwd(path, 1024);
(void) strcat(path, "/");
(void) strcat(path, argv[0]);
*strrchr(path, '/') = 0;
lm_procpath = strdup(path);
}
/*
* name of binary
*/
if ((tmp = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) == NULL)
(void) strcpy(lm_procname, argv[0]);
else
(void) strcpy(lm_procname, tmp + 1);
if (lm_optN == NULL) {
lm_optN = lm_procname;
}
/*
* Parse command line arguments
*/
(void) sprintf(optstr, "1AB:C:D:EHI:LMN:P:RST:VW?%s", lm_optstr);
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, optstr)) != -1) {
switch (opt) {
case '1':
lm_opt1 = 1;
break;
case 'A':
lm_optA = 1;
break;
case 'B':
lm_optB = sizetoint(optarg);
break;
case 'C':
lm_optC = sizetoint(optarg);
break;
case 'D':
lm_optD = sizetoint(optarg);
break;
case 'E':
lm_optE = 1;
break;
case 'H':
lm_optH = 1;
break;
case 'I':
lm_optI = sizetoint(optarg);
break;
case 'L':
lm_optL = 1;
break;
case 'M':
lm_optM = 1;
break;
case 'N':
lm_optN = optarg;
break;
case 'P':
lm_optP = sizetoint(optarg);
break;
case 'S':
lm_optS = 1;
break;
case 'T':
lm_optT = sizetoint(optarg);
break;
case 'V':
(void) printf("%s\n", LIBMICRO_VERSION);
exit(0);
break;
case 'W':
lm_optW = 1;
lm_optS = 1;
break;
case '?':
usage();
exit(0);
break;
default:
if (benchmark_optswitch(opt, optarg) == -1) {
usage();
exit(0);
}
}
}
/* deal with implicit and overriding options */
if (lm_opt1 && lm_optP > 1) {
lm_optP = 1;
(void) printf("warning: -1 overrides -P\n");
}
if (lm_optE) {
(void) fprintf(stderr, "Running:%20s", lm_optN);
(void) fflush(stderr);
}
if (lm_optB == 0) {
/*
* neither benchmark or user has specified the number
* of cnts/sample, so use computed value
*/
if (lm_optI)
lm_nsecs_per_op = lm_optI;
lm_optB = nsecs_resolution * 100 / lm_nsecs_per_op;
if (lm_optB == 0)
lm_optB = 1;
}
/*
* now that the options are set
*/
if (benchmark_initrun() == -1) {
exit(1);
}
/* allocate dynamic data */
pids = (pid_t *)malloc(lm_optP * sizeof (pid_t));
if (pids == NULL) {
perror("malloc(pids)");
exit(1);
}
tids = (pthread_t *)malloc(lm_optT * sizeof (pthread_t));
if (tids == NULL) {
perror("malloc(tids)");
exit(1);
}
/* check that the case defines lm_tsdsize before proceeding */
if (lm_tsdsize == (size_t)-1) {
(void) fprintf(stderr, "error in benchmark_init: "
"lm_tsdsize not set\n");
exit(1);
}
/* round up tsdsize to nearest 128 to eliminate false sharing */
tsdsize = ((lm_tsdsize + 127) / 128) * 128;
/* allocate sufficient TSD for each thread in each process */
tsdseg = (void *)mmap(NULL, lm_optT * lm_optP * tsdsize + 8192,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANON, -1, 0L);
if (tsdseg == NULL) {
perror("mmap(tsd)");
exit(1);
}
/* initialise worker synchronisation */
b = barrier_create(lm_optT * lm_optP, DATASIZE);
if (b == NULL) {
perror("barrier_create()");
exit(1);
}
lm_barrier = b;
b->ba_flag = 1;
/* need this here so that parent and children can call exit() */
(void) fflush(stdout);
(void) fflush(stderr);
/* when we started and when to stop */
b->ba_starttime = getnsecs();
b->ba_deadline = (long long) (b->ba_starttime + (lm_optD * 1000000LL));
/* do the work */
if (lm_opt1) {
/* single process, non-fork mode */
pindex = 0;
worker_process();
} else {
/* create worker processes */
for (i = 0; i < lm_optP; i++) {
pids[i] = fork();
switch (pids[i]) {
case 0:
pindex = i;
worker_process();
exit(0);
break;
case -1:
perror("fork");
exit(1);
break;
default:
continue;
}
}
/* wait for worker processes */
for (i = 0; i < lm_optP; i++) {
if (pids[i] > 0) {
(void) waitpid(pids[i], NULL, 0);
}
}
}
b->ba_endtime = getnsecs();
/* compute results */
compute_stats(b);
/* print arguments benchmark was invoked with ? */
if (lm_optL) {
int l;
(void) printf("# %s ", argv[0]);
for (l = 1; l < argc; l++) {
(void) printf("%s ", argv[l]);
}
(void) printf("\n");
}
/* print result header (unless suppressed) */
if (!lm_optH) {
(void) printf("%12s %3s %3s %12s %12s %8s %8s %s\n",
"", "prc", "thr",
"usecs/call",
"samples", "errors", "cnt/samp", lm_header);
}
/* print result */
(void) printf("%-12s %3d %3d %12.5f %12d %8lld %8d %s\n",
lm_optN, lm_optP, lm_optT,
(lm_optM?b->ba_corrected.st_mean:b->ba_corrected.st_median),
b->ba_batches, b->ba_errors, lm_optB,
benchmark_result());
if (lm_optS) {
print_stats(b);
}
/* just incase something goes awry */
(void) fflush(stdout);
(void) fflush(stderr);
/* cleanup by stages */
(void) benchmark_finirun();
(void) barrier_destroy(b);
(void) benchmark_fini();
if (lm_optE) {
(void) fprintf(stderr, " for %12.5f seconds\n",
(double)(getnsecs() - startnsecs) /
1.e9);
(void) fflush(stderr);
}
return (0);
}
void *
worker_thread(void *arg)
{
result_t r;
long long last_sleep = 0;
long long t;
r.re_errors = benchmark_initworker(arg);
while (lm_barrier->ba_flag) {
r.re_count = 0;
r.re_errors += benchmark_initbatch(arg);
/* sync to clock */
if (lm_optA && ((t = getnsecs()) - last_sleep) > 75000000LL) {
(void) poll(0, 0, 10);
last_sleep = t;
}
/* wait for it ... */
(void) barrier_queue(lm_barrier, NULL);
/* time the test */
r.re_t0 = getnsecs();
(void) benchmark(arg, &r);
r.re_t1 = getnsecs();
/* time to stop? */
if (r.re_t1 > lm_barrier->ba_deadline &&
(!lm_optC || lm_optC < lm_barrier->ba_batches)) {
lm_barrier->ba_flag = 0;
}
/* record results and sync */
(void) barrier_queue(lm_barrier, &r);
(void) benchmark_finibatch(arg);
r.re_errors = 0;
}
(void) benchmark_finiworker(arg);
return (0);
}
void
worker_process()
{
int i;
void *tsd;
for (i = 1; i < lm_optT; i++) {
tsd = gettsd(pindex, i);
if (pthread_create(&tids[i], NULL, worker_thread, tsd) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create");
exit(1);
}
}
tsd = gettsd(pindex, 0);
(void) worker_thread(tsd);
for (i = 1; i < lm_optT; i++) {
(void) pthread_join(tids[i], NULL);
}
}
void
usage()
{
(void) printf(
"usage: %s\n"
" [-1] (single process; overrides -P > 1)\n"
" [-A] (align with clock)\n"
" [-B batch-size (default %d)]\n"
" [-C minimum number of samples (default 0)]\n"
" [-D duration in msecs (default %ds)]\n"
" [-E (echo name to stderr)]\n"
" [-H] (suppress headers)\n"
" [-I] nsecs per op (used to compute batch size)"
" [-L] (print argument line)\n"
" [-M] (reports mean rather than median)\n"
" [-N test-name (default '%s')]\n"
" [-P processes (default %d)]\n"
" [-S] (print detailed stats)\n"
" [-T threads (default %d)]\n"
" [-V] (print the libMicro version and exit)\n"
" [-W] (flag possible benchmark problems)\n"
"%s\n",
lm_procname,
lm_defB, lm_defD, lm_procname, lm_defP, lm_defT,
lm_usage);
}
void
print_warnings(barrier_t *b)
{
int head = 0;
int increase;
if (b->ba_quant) {
if (!head++) {
(void) printf("#\n# WARNINGS\n");
}
increase = (int)(floor((nsecs_resolution * 100.0) /
((double)lm_optB * b->ba_corrected.st_median * 1000.0)) +
1.0);
(void) printf("# Quantization error likely;"
"increase batch size (-B option) %dX to avoid.\n",
increase);
}
/*
* XXX should warn on median != mean by a lot
*/
if (b->ba_errors) {
if (!head++) {
(void) printf("#\n# WARNINGS\n");
}
(void) printf("# Errors occured during benchmark.\n");
}
}
void
print_stats(barrier_t *b)
{
(void) printf("#\n");
(void) printf("# STATISTICS %12s %12s\n",
"usecs/call (raw)",
"usecs/call (outliers removed)");
if (b->ba_count == 0) {
(void) printf("zero samples\n");
return;
}
(void) printf("# min %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_min,
b->ba_corrected.st_min);
(void) printf("# max %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_max,
b->ba_corrected.st_max);
(void) printf("# mean %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_mean,
b->ba_corrected.st_mean);
(void) printf("# median %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_median,
b->ba_corrected.st_median);
(void) printf("# stddev %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_stddev,
b->ba_corrected.st_stddev);
(void) printf("# standard error %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_stderr,
b->ba_corrected.st_stderr);
(void) printf("# 99%% confidence level %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_99confidence,
b->ba_corrected.st_99confidence);
(void) printf("# skew %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_skew,
b->ba_corrected.st_skew);
(void) printf("# kurtosis %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_kurtosis,
b->ba_corrected.st_kurtosis);
(void) printf("# time correlation %12.5f %12.5f\n",
b->ba_raw.st_timecorr,
b->ba_corrected.st_timecorr);
(void) printf("#\n");
(void) printf("# elasped time %12.5f\n", (b->ba_endtime -
b->ba_starttime) / 1.0e9);
(void) printf("# number of samples %12d\n", b->ba_batches);
(void) printf("# number of outliers %12d\n", b->ba_outliers);
(void) printf("# getnsecs overhead %12d\n", (int)nsecs_overhead);
(void) printf("#\n");
(void) printf("# DISTRIBUTION\n");
print_histo(b);
if (lm_optW) {
print_warnings(b);
}
}
void
update_stats(barrier_t *b, result_t *r)
{
double time;
double nsecs_per_call;
if (b->ba_waiters == 0) {
/* first thread only */
b->ba_t0 = r->re_t0;
b->ba_t1 = r->re_t1;
b->ba_count0 = 0;
b->ba_errors0 = 0;
} else {
/* all but first thread */
if (r->re_t0 < b->ba_t0) {
b->ba_t0 = r->re_t0;
}
if (r->re_t1 > b->ba_t1) {
b->ba_t1 = r->re_t1;
}
}
b->ba_count0 += r->re_count;
b->ba_errors0 += r->re_errors;
if (b->ba_waiters == b->ba_hwm - 1) {
/* last thread only */
time = (double)b->ba_t1 - (double)b->ba_t0 -
(double)nsecs_overhead;
if (time < 100 * nsecs_resolution)
b->ba_quant++;
/*
* normalize by procs * threads if not -U
*/
nsecs_per_call = time / (double)b->ba_count0 *
(double)(lm_optT * lm_optP);
b->ba_count += b->ba_count0;
b->ba_errors += b->ba_errors0;
b->ba_data[b->ba_batches % b->ba_datasize] =
nsecs_per_call;
b->ba_batches++;
}
}
#ifdef USE_SEMOP
barrier_t *
barrier_create(int hwm, int datasize)
{
struct sembuf s[1];
barrier_t *b;
/*LINTED*/
b = (barrier_t *)mmap(NULL,
sizeof (barrier_t) + (datasize - 1) * sizeof (double),
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANON, -1, 0L);
if (b == (barrier_t *)MAP_FAILED) {
return (NULL);
}
b->ba_datasize = datasize;
b->ba_flag = 0;
b->ba_hwm = hwm;
b->ba_semid = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 3, 0600);
if (b->ba_semid == -1) {
(void) munmap((void *)b, sizeof (barrier_t));
return (NULL);
}
/* [hwm - 1, 0, 0] */
s[0].sem_num = 0;
s[0].sem_op = hwm - 1;
s[0].sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(b->ba_semid, s, 1) == -1) {
perror("semop(1)");
(void) semctl(b->ba_semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
(void) munmap((void *)b, sizeof (barrier_t));
return (NULL);
}
b->ba_waiters = 0;
b->ba_phase = 0;
b->ba_count = 0;
b->ba_errors = 0;
return (b);
}
int
barrier_destroy(barrier_t *b)
{
(void) semctl(b->ba_semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
(void) munmap((void *)b, sizeof (barrier_t));
return (0);
}
int
barrier_queue(barrier_t *b, result_t *r)
{
struct sembuf s[2];
/*
* {s0(-(hwm-1))}
* if ! nowait {s1(-(hwm-1))}
* (all other threads)
* update shared stats
* {s0(hwm-1), s1(1)}
* {s0(1), s2(-1)}
* else
* (last thread)
* update shared stats
* {s2(hwm-1)}
*/
s[0].sem_num = 0;
s[0].sem_op = -(b->ba_hwm - 1);
s[0].sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(b->ba_semid, s, 1) == -1) {
perror("semop(2)");
return (-1);
}
s[0].sem_num = 1;
s[0].sem_op = -(b->ba_hwm - 1);
s[0].sem_flg = IPC_NOWAIT;
if (semop(b->ba_semid, s, 1) == -1) {
if (errno != EAGAIN) {
perror("semop(3)");
return (-1);
}
/* all but the last thread */
if (r != NULL) {
update_stats(b, r);
}
b->ba_waiters++;
s[0].sem_num = 0;
s[0].sem_op = b->ba_hwm - 1;
s[0].sem_flg = 0;
s[1].sem_num = 1;
s[1].sem_op = 1;
s[1].sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(b->ba_semid, s, 2) == -1) {
perror("semop(4)");
return (-1);
}
s[0].sem_num = 0;
s[0].sem_op = 1;
s[0].sem_flg = 0;
s[1].sem_num = 2;
s[1].sem_op = -1;
s[1].sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(b->ba_semid, s, 2) == -1) {
perror("semop(5)");
return (-1);
}
} else {
/* the last thread */
if (r != NULL) {
update_stats(b, r);
}
b->ba_waiters = 0;
b->ba_phase++;
s[0].sem_num = 2;
s[0].sem_op = b->ba_hwm - 1;
s[0].sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(b->ba_semid, s, 1) == -1) {
perror("semop(6)");
return (-1);
}
}
return (0);
}
#else /* USE_SEMOP */
barrier_t *
barrier_create(int hwm, int datasize)
{
pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
pthread_condattr_t cattr;
barrier_t *b;
/*LINTED*/
b = (barrier_t *)mmap(NULL,
sizeof (barrier_t) + (datasize - 1) * sizeof (double),
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANON, -1, 0L);
if (b == (barrier_t *)MAP_FAILED) {
return (NULL);
}
b->ba_datasize = datasize;
b->ba_hwm = hwm;
b->ba_flag = 0;
(void) pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
(void) pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
(void) pthread_condattr_init(&cattr);
(void) pthread_condattr_setpshared(&cattr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
(void) pthread_mutex_init(&b->ba_lock, &attr);
(void) pthread_cond_init(&b->ba_cv, &cattr);
b->ba_waiters = 0;
b->ba_phase = 0;
b->ba_count = 0;
b->ba_errors = 0;
return (b);
}
int
barrier_destroy(barrier_t *b)
{
(void) munmap((void *)b, sizeof (barrier_t));
return (0);
}
int
barrier_queue(barrier_t *b, result_t *r)
{
int phase;
(void) pthread_mutex_lock(&b->ba_lock);
if (r != NULL) {
update_stats(b, r);
}
phase = b->ba_phase;
b->ba_waiters++;
if (b->ba_hwm == b->ba_waiters) {
b->ba_waiters = 0;
b->ba_phase++;
(void) pthread_cond_broadcast(&b->ba_cv);
}
while (b->ba_phase == phase) {
(void) pthread_cond_wait(&b->ba_cv, &b->ba_lock);
}
(void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->ba_lock);
return (0);
}
#endif /* USE_SEMOP */
int
gettindex()
{
int i;
if (tids == NULL) {
return (-1);
}
for (i = 1; i < lm_optT; i++) {
if (pthread_self() == tids[i]) {
return (i);
}
}
return (0);
}
int
getpindex()
{
return (pindex);
}
void *
gettsd(int p, int t)
{
if ((p < 0) || (p >= lm_optP) || (t < 0) || (t >= lm_optT))
return (NULL);
return ((void *)((unsigned long)tsdseg +
(((p * lm_optT) + t) * tsdsize)));
}
#ifdef USE_GETHRTIME
long long
getnsecs()
{
return (gethrtime());
}
long long
getusecs()
{
return (gethrtime() / 1000);
}
#elif USE_RDTSC /* USE_GETHRTIME */
__inline__ long long
rdtsc(void)
{
unsigned long long x;
__asm__ volatile(".byte 0x0f, 0x31" : "=A" (x));
return (x);
}
long long
getusecs()
{
return (rdtsc() * 1000000 / lm_hz);
}
long long
getnsecs()
{
return (rdtsc() * 1000000000 / lm_hz);
}
#else /* USE_GETHRTIME */
long long
getusecs()
{
struct timeval tv;
(void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
return ((long long)tv.tv_sec * 1000000LL + (long long) tv.tv_usec);
}
long long
getnsecs()
{
struct timeval tv;