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<h3 id="1-字符串-gt-原始内容与转义内容"><a href="#1-字符串-gt-原始内容与转义内容" class="headerlink" title="1. 字符串->原始内容与转义内容"></a>1. 字符串->原始内容与转义内容</h3><p><strong>Swift</strong><br><code>#""#</code>包含的字符串，会显示原始内容。<br><code>#""#</code>包含的字符串，如果在转义字符前加<code>#</code>，则转义字符生效。<br>显示原始内容一般还是使用<code>"""</code>比较方便。<br><img src="/2020/08/04/Kotlin-vs-Swift/字符串1.png" alt="示例"></p>
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<p>比较：<br>在<code>Swfit</code>中，<code>"""</code>的起始必须是独立的一行，结束也必须是独立的一行。<br>但是在<code>Kotlin</code>中，没有这个限制：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val str = """原始内容"""</span><br><span class="line">println(str)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<article id="post-lambda表达式" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope="" itemprop="blogPost">
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<a class="article-title" href="/2019/12/18/lambda表达式/">lambda表达式</a>
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<time datetime="2019-12-18T07:15:52.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2019-12-18</time>
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<h2 id="基础知识点"><a href="#基础知识点" class="headerlink" title="基础知识点"></a>基础知识点</h2><p>只要能快速使用就可以了，不需要深究…</p>
<h5 id="lambda表达式与函数式接口的区别"><a href="#lambda表达式与函数式接口的区别" class="headerlink" title="lambda表达式与函数式接口的区别"></a>lambda表达式与函数式接口的区别</h5><blockquote>
<p>函数式接口（Functional Interfaces，简称：<strong>FI</strong>）<br>首先是一个<strong>接口</strong>，然后就是在这个接口里面<strong>只能</strong>有<strong>一个抽象方法</strong>。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>lambda表达式是一种<strong>语法糖</strong>，为了能够方便、快捷、幽雅的创建出FI的实例<br>又被成为“闭包”或“匿名方法”。</p>
</blockquote>
<h5 id="lambda表达式的语法由参数列表，箭头符号（-gt-）和函数体组成"><a href="#lambda表达式的语法由参数列表，箭头符号（-gt-）和函数体组成" class="headerlink" title="lambda表达式的语法由参数列表，箭头符号（->）和函数体组成"></a>lambda表达式的语法由参数列表，箭头符号（->）和函数体组成</h5><p><img src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3866941-3951533058a2f69f.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240" alt="image.png"></p>
<p><strong>函数体</strong> 既可以是一个<strong>表达式</strong>，也可以是一个<strong>语句块</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>表达式会被执行，然后返回执行结果。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>语句块中的语句会被依次执行，就像方法中的语句一样。<br> <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">return语句会把控制权交给匿名方法的调用者 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">break和continue只能在循环中使用</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">如果函数体有返回值，那么函数体内部的每一条路径都必须有返回值</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">表达式函数体适合小型lambda表达式，它消除了return关键字，使得语法更加简洁。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>FI的名称并不是lambda表达式的一部分，对于给定的lambda表达式，它的类型（也就是自己所对应的FI的接口类型）是由其上下文推导而来。</p>
</blockquote>
<h5 id="几个例子"><a href="#几个例子" class="headerlink" title="几个例子"></a>几个例子</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(int x, int y) -> x + y</span><br><span class="line">() -> 42</span><br><span class="line">(String s) -> { System.out.println(s); }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>第一个lambda表达式接收x和y这两个整形参数并返回它们的和；</p>
<p>第二个lambda表达式不接收参数，返回整数’42’；</p>
<p>第三个lambda表达式接收一个字符串并把它打印到控制台，不返回值。</p>
<h5 id="可以省略的部分"><a href="#可以省略的部分" class="headerlink" title="可以省略的部分"></a>可以省略的部分</h5><ol>
<li><p>函数体如果是表达式，可以省略**return关键字。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(int x, int y) -> x + y</span><br><span class="line">() -> 42</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>函数体<strong>只有一行</strong>，可以省略<strong>函数体的大括号</strong>。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">FileFilter java = (File f) -> f.getName().endsWith("*.java");</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">String user = doPrivileged(() -> System.getProperty("user.name"));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>因为lambda表达式的类型是从上下文推导而来，<br> 所以可以省略参数列表里的<strong>参数类型</strong>。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Comparator<String> c = (s1, s2) -> s1.compareToIgnoreCase(s2);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>当lambda的<strong>参数只有一个</strong>而且它的类型可以被推导得知时，<br> 该<strong>参数列表外的小括号</strong>可以被省略。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">FileFilter java = f -> f.getName().endsWith(".java");</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">button.addActionListener(e -> ui.dazzle(e.getModifiers()));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><br></p>
<h2 id="方法的调用"><a href="#方法的调用" class="headerlink" title="方法的调用"></a>方法的调用</h2><blockquote>
<p>前提一：在函数式接口（FI）的作用域内</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>前提二：lambda表达式函数体必须是表达式（函数体只有一行）。 </p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>前提三：那个表达式的格式是：符合java语法标准的，方法的调用</p>
</blockquote>
<p>另外，记住3种情况就可以：</p>
<h5 id="一-静态方法的调用"><a href="#一-静态方法的调用" class="headerlink" title="一. 静态方法的调用"></a>一. 静态方法的调用</h5><blockquote>
<p>类名::静态方法名</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>示例</strong><br>公用类：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class Student {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> private Integer id;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> private String name;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> public Student(Integer id, String name) {</span><br><span class="line"> this.id = id;</span><br><span class="line"> this.name = name;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> public String getStudentInfo() {</span><br><span class="line"> return "Student：name：" + name + "，id：" + id;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> public void printStudentInfo() {</span><br><span class="line"> Log.d("CCC", getStudentInfo());</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> public void printStudentInfo2(String addedNote) {</span><br><span class="line"> Log.d("CCC", "addedNote：" + addedNote + " " + getStudentInfo());</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class StudentUtils {</span><br><span class="line"> public static String getStudentInfo(Student student) {</span><br><span class="line"> return student.getStudentInfo();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class GetStudentInfoUseCase {</span><br><span class="line"> public String getStudentInfo(Student student){</span><br><span class="line"> return student.getStudentInfo();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>数据源：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">private List<Student> getData() {</span><br><span class="line"> List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {</span><br><span class="line"> Integer id = i + 1;</span><br><span class="line"> list.add(new Student(id, "N" + id));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> return list;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>静态方法的调用：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">private void testStaticRef() {</span><br><span class="line"> getData().forEach(StudentUtils::getStudentInfo);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>就是这么简单，但是我们要看下演化的流程。下面是原版：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(new java.util.function.Consumer<Student>() {</span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void accept(Student student) {</span><br><span class="line"> StudentUtils.getStudentInfo(student);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>将 FI 转为lambda：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(student -> StudentUtils.getStudentInfo(student));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>GetCardInfoUseCase.getCardInfo的<strong>参数列表</strong> 与 FI 方法【accept(Student student) 】的<strong>参数列表</strong>是一致的</p>
</li>
<li><p>向GetCardInfoUseCase.getCardInfo传的值<strong>正好</strong>就是FI方法的实参</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>正因为静态方法与FI方法两者的参数列表一致，且由FI方法传递给静态方法，也就是说无论FI的方法是什么，静态方法都要保持一致并接收。<br>所以可以直接省略参数列表，直接显示是什么类的什么方法。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>也就是：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(StudentUtils::getStudentInfo);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h5 id="二-实例上的实例方法调用"><a href="#二-实例上的实例方法调用" class="headerlink" title="二. 实例上的实例方法调用"></a>二. 实例上的实例方法调用</h5><blockquote>
<p>实例对象::实例方法名</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>示例</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">private void testInstInstRef() {</span><br><span class="line"> GetStudentInfoUseCase useCase = new GetStudentInfoUseCase();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> getData().forEach(useCase::getStudentInfo);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>演化的流程，下面原版：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(new java.util.function.Consumer<Student>() {</span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void accept(Student student) {</span><br><span class="line"> useCase.getStudentInfo(student);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p> FI 转为lambda：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(student -> useCase.getStudentInfo(student));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>最后：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(useCase::getStudentInfo);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>同理：lambda实例方法的参数列表必须同FI方法的参数列表保持一致</p>
<p>#####三. 类型上的实例方法调用</p>
<blockquote>
<p>类名::实例方法名</p>
</blockquote>
<p>可以看出：它的调用方式同第一种“静态方法的调用”</p>
<p><strong>示例</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">private void testClsInstRef() {</span><br><span class="line"> getData().forEach(Student::printStudentInfo);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>演化流程，下面是原版:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(new java.util.function.Consumer<Student>() {</span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void accept(Student student) {</span><br><span class="line"> student.printStudentInfo();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>将FI 转为lambda：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(student -> student.printStudentInfo());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>最后：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(Student::printStudentInfo);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h5 id="来来来，划重点："><a href="#来来来，划重点：" class="headerlink" title="来来来，划重点："></a>来来来，划重点：</h5><blockquote>
<p>前两种方式是将FI的实参，作为lambda方法的实参来使用<br>而第三种，FI的实参，是作为lambda方法的<strong>调用者</strong>来使用</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这就是第三种可以使用<strong>类型::实例方法名</strong>来调用的原因。</p>
<p>有利必有弊，第三种默认是将lambda方法的<strong>第一个</strong>实参作为该实例方法的调用者（本文FI方法【accept(Student student) 】只是恰巧只有一个，其他FI方法可以有多个）。但这种调用的局限性非常明显，那就是对于被调用的方法而言<strong>不能有参数</strong>。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">getData().forEach(Student::printStudentInfo2);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>printStudentInfo2(String addedNote)方法有一个参数，编译时报如下错：</p>
<p><img src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3866941-07f3537779b09c8c.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>可以看出：编译器直接将printStudentInfo2方法识别为静态方法</p>
<p>以上就是三种方法的快速使用总结。其他方法的调用还有：超类上的实例方法调用，构造方法的调用，数组构造方法调用等这些不常用的就不赘述了，用到再自己查阅资料。</p>
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<p><em>开始前，先介绍两个在线制作UML的网站:</em><br><a href="https://www.lucidchart.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LucidChart</a> 和 <a href="https://www.processon.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ProcessOn</a></p>
<p>然后是“类图”的<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_diagram" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方Wiki</a>。直接上官方的原因是为了避免在理解某些术语时可能出现的“义同词不同”的歧义。<br><em>另附上其他好的<a href="https://www.visual-paradigm.com/guide/uml-unified-modeling-language/uml-class-diagram-tutorial/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">文章</a>。</em></p>
<h1 id="关系-Relationships"><a href="#关系-Relationships" class="headerlink" title="关系(Relationships)"></a>关系(Relationships)</h1><p>关系是一个通用术语，涵盖在类和对象图上找到的特定类型的逻辑连接。一个类可能涉及与其他类的一个或多个关系，下面逐一介绍各种类型关系。</p>
<h2 id="类级关系-Class-level-relationships"><a href="#类级关系-Class-level-relationships" class="headerlink" title="类级关系(Class-level relationships)"></a>类级关系(Class-level relationships)</h2><h6 id="泛化-Generalization-继承-Inheritance"><a href="#泛化-Generalization-继承-Inheritance" class="headerlink" title="泛化(Generalization)/继承(Inheritance)"></a>泛化(Generalization)/继承(Inheritance)</h6><p>泛化表示的是，两个相关类中的一个(子类)被认为是另一个(超类)的特殊形式，如此该超类被认为是该子类的泛化。实际上，这也意味着子类的任何实例也都是超类的实例。</p>
<p>从生物分类中我们可以发现这是一个典型泛化树的例子：人类是猿猴的亚类，猿猴是哺乳动物的亚类，等等。通过短语“A是B”(人类是哺乳动物，哺乳动物是动物)最容易理解这种关系。</p>
<p>泛化关系也称为“继承”或“is a”关系。</p>
<p>泛化关系中的超类也称为父类/基类。</p>
<p>特化关系中的子类也称为派生类/继承类。</p>
<p>“A是B的一种”的例子：“橡木是一种树”，“汽车是一种车”</p>
<p><em>注：接口继承接口同样适用。</em></p>
<p>它的标志是：<strong>实线 + 空心封闭的箭头 箭头在右侧</strong>， 如下图所示：<br><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/泛化箭头.png" alt="箭头"></p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/泛化例子.png" alt="示例"></p>
<h6 id="实现-Realization-Implementation"><a href="#实现-Realization-Implementation" class="headerlink" title="实现(Realization/Implementation)"></a>实现(Realization/Implementation)</h6><p>在UML建模中，实现关系是两个模型元素之间的关系，其中一个模型元素(客户端)实现或执行另一个模型元素(供应商)指定的行为。</p>
<p>实现只能在类图或者组件图上显示，这里只提类图。</p>
<p>实现是连接客户端元素和供应商元素的类、接口之间的关系。类与接口之间的实现关系表明该类实现了该接口提供的操作。</p>
<p>它的标志是：<strong>虚线 + 空心封闭的箭头 箭头在右侧</strong>，如下图所示：<br><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/实现箭头.png" alt="箭头"></p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/实现例子.png" alt="示例"></p>
<h2 id="对象级关系-Instance-level-relationships"><a href="#对象级关系-Instance-level-relationships" class="headerlink" title="对象级关系(Instance-level relationships)"></a>对象级关系(Instance-level relationships)</h2><h6 id="依赖-Dependency"><a href="#依赖-Dependency" class="headerlink" title="依赖(Dependency)"></a>依赖(Dependency)</h6><p>Dependency指的是独立的模型元素与非独立的模型元素间的，一种<strong>语义上的</strong>关联性。</p>
<p>如果两个模型元素，对其中一个元素(the server or target)定义的更改，可能会导致另外一个元素(the client or source)引起变化，则该场景描述的就是依赖的关系。</p>
<p>这种关联是<strong>单向性的</strong>。</p>
<p>它的标志是：<strong>虚线 + 非封闭箭头 箭头在右侧</strong>，如下图所示：</p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/依赖箭头.png" alt="箭头"></p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/依赖例子.png" alt="示例"></p>
<h6 id="关联-Association"><a href="#关联-Association" class="headerlink" title="关联(Association)"></a>关联(Association)</h6><p>An association represents a family of links. (关联关系可以被描绘为：一系列链接的族群)</p>
<p>“二元关联”(具有两端)通常用一条直线来表示。</p>
<p>一个关联关系中可以存在多个类之间的链接。如果一个关联关系中有三个链接，通常称之为“三元关联”。</p>
<p>关联关系可以被命名，每个链接的尾端都可以被修饰，诸如：角色名称(role names)，所有权指示符(ownership indicators)，多样性(multiplicity)，可见性(visibility)以及其他属性。</p>
<p>关联代表一系列链接。 二元关联（具有两端）通常表示为线。 关联可以链接任意数量的类。 与三个链接的关联称为三元关联。 </p>
<p>可以命名关联关系，并且可以使用角色名称，所有权指示符，多样性，可见性和其他属性来装饰关联的末尾。</p>
<p>有四种不同类型的关联：双向关联(bi-directionally)，单向关联(uni-directional)，聚合关联(aggregation)(包括组合/聚合)(includes composition aggregation)和自身关联(reflexive)(又称为递归关联)。 其中双向关联和单向关联是最常见的关联。</p>
<p>关联的一个例子：航班类与飞机类就是一种双向关联。</p>
<p>关联呈现的是<strong>两个对象间共享的静态关系。</strong> </p>
<p>它的标志是：<strong>单纯一条实线</strong>，也有的表示为：<strong>实线 + 非封闭箭头 箭头在右侧</strong>如下图所示：<br><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/关联箭头1.png" alt="箭头1"><br><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/关联箭头2.png" alt="箭头2"></p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/关联例子.png" alt="示例"></p>
<h6 id="聚合-Aggregation"><a href="#聚合-Aggregation" class="headerlink" title="聚合(Aggregation)"></a>聚合(Aggregation)</h6><p>聚合是“has a”关联关系的变体，聚合比关联(Association)更加具体些，它表示的这样的一种关联关系：“局部-全局”(part-whole)或者是“一部分”(part-of)。</p>
<p>如下的图解所示：教授有一门课要教。</p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/聚合例子1.png" alt="例子1"></p>
<p>聚合作为”关联”的一种，它同样具备”被命名”或者其他“关联”所具备的装饰内容。</p>
<p>但是，聚合获取一般不涉及两个以上的类，它必须是一个“二元关联关系”，<strong>除此之外，“聚合”和“关联”几乎没什么区别。</strong> </p>
<p>当一个类是是其他类的集合或者容器时，这是一种聚合关系。但是这些被包含的类不应该对容器有强生命周期依赖关系，容器中的元素即使被销毁，容器本身也可以依旧存在。</p>
<p>聚合是一种<strong>语义上的</strong>扩展对象，在很多操作中，它经常被看做是一个独立单元来处理，尽管从<strong>物理上</strong>它是由很多较小级别的对象组成的。</p>
<p>它的标志是：<strong>实线 + 空心菱形 菱形在左侧</strong>，如下图所示：</p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/聚合箭头.png" alt="箭头"></p>
<p>一个聚合的例子：图书馆和学生。学生可以不依赖图书馆而存在，学生和图书馆之间的关系就是一种聚合。如下图：</p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/聚合例子2.png" alt="例子2"></p>
<h6 id="组合-Composition"><a href="#组合-Composition" class="headerlink" title="组合(Composition)"></a>组合(Composition)</h6><p>“组合关系”其实是一种特殊的“聚合关系”：当“整体”被销毁时，“局部”也会被销毁。<br>也就是说，组合关系中的“局部”无法独立于“整体”而存在。</p>
<p>它的标志是：<strong>实线 + 实心菱形 菱形在左侧</strong>，如下图所示：</p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/17/UML类图中的关系类型/组合箭头.png" alt="箭头"> </p>
<blockquote>
<p>组合(Composition)和聚合(Aggregation)的比较<br><br><b>组合(Composition)</b><br><br>可用于描述<b>“现实世界”</b>中的<b>“整体-局部”</b>的关系，比如：现实中的引擎是汽车的一部分。<br><br>当容器被摧毁时，它的所有组成内容都会被销毁。比如：一所大学与其院系之间的关系。<br><br><b>聚合(Aggregation)</b><br><br>一般描述的是<b>软件或者数据库关系</b>，比如：引擎模型ENG01是汽车模型CM01的一部分，因此引擎模型ENG01也可能是其他汽车模型的一部分。<br><br>当容器被摧毁时，与其聚合的内容通常不会被销毁。比如：一个教授有很多学生。但当教授去世时，他的学生并不会跟着他一起去世。<br><br>因此，聚合关系通常表示的是<b>“目录级”</b>的容纳。而组合一般表示的是<b>“物理级”</b>的容纳。</p>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2019/04/15/年轻时的太白/">年轻时的李白</a>
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<p><em>年轻时的李白，未诩太白，不是谪仙人，也不曾“天子呼来不上船”，那时的他还未与敬亭山“相看两不厌”，更不会“眼前有景道不得”搁笔黄鹤楼。那时的他才华横溢、卓尔不群、风华正茂、意气风发、飒爽英姿、斗志昂扬、青云直上，壮志凌云！一起感受下那时的他，与那时的万丈豪情：</em></p>
<h6 id="上李邕"><a href="#上李邕" class="headerlink" title="上李邕"></a>上李邕</h6><p><strong>大鹏一日同风起，扶摇直上九万里。<br>假令风歇时下来，犹能簸却沧溟水。<br>世人见我恒殊调，闻余大言皆冷笑。<br>宣父犹能畏后生，丈夫未可轻年少。</strong></p>
<p><img src="/2019/04/15/年轻时的太白/李白.png" alt="图片"></p>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2019/04/03/使用Gradle配置SonarQube/">使用Gradle配置SonarQube</a>
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<p><em>主要分两步</em></p>
<h5 id="一-代码内Gradle配置"><a href="#一-代码内Gradle配置" class="headerlink" title="一. 代码内Gradle配置"></a>一. 代码内Gradle配置</h5><p>首先是<code>Project</code>级Gradle的配置：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">buildscript {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> repositories {</span><br><span class="line"> jcenter()</span><br><span class="line"> maven {url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/"}</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> dependencies {</span><br><span class="line"> classpath "org.sonarsource.scanner.gradle:sonarqube-gradle-plugin:2.7"</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">plugins {</span><br><span class="line"> id "org.sonarqube" version "2.7"</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>注意：<br><code>plugins</code>前面只可以是<code>buildscript</code>或者<code>plugins</code>，<br>类似这样的<code>apply from: "dependencies.gradle"</code>放在<code>plugins</code>前面任何地方，都会出错。</p>
<p>然后是<code>主Module</code>的Gradle配置：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">apply plugin: 'com.android.application'</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sonarqube {</span><br><span class="line"> properties {</span><br><span class="line"> property "sonar.sources", "src/main/java"</span><br><span class="line"> property "sonar.projectKey", "${YourKey}"</span><br><span class="line"> property "sonar.projectName", "${YourName}"</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h5 id="二-本地环境Gradle配置"><a href="#二-本地环境Gradle配置" class="headerlink" title="二. 本地环境Gradle配置"></a>二. 本地环境Gradle配置</h5><p>定位到<code>~/.gradle</code>目录下，如果没有<code>gradle.properties</code>，则新建该文件。<br>配置如下内容：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemProp.sonar.host.url=xxx</span><br><span class="line">#----- Token generated from an account with 'publish analysis' permission</span><br><span class="line">systemProp.sonar.login=xxx</span><br><span class="line">org.gradle.caching=true</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>配置完毕并且sync后，会产生<code>root级gralde</code>-><code>Task</code>-><code>other</code>-><code>sonarqube</code>指令，直接run即可。</p>
<p>更多内容，请见<a href="https://docs.sonarqube.org/display/SCAN/Analyzing+with+SonarQube+Scanner+for+Gradle" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方文档。</a></p>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2019/03/29/名词汇总篇/">名词汇总篇（持续更新）</a>
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<p><em>虽然是很基础，也许是基础到不屑的零散点，而且这里也不负责挖掘背后更多的内容。<br>但是这里能呈现的是，知识点的快速检索以及中英文官方命名的比较等。</em></p>
<h3 id="1-XML，Xmlns"><a href="#1-XML，Xmlns" class="headerlink" title="1. XML，Xmlns"></a>1. XML，Xmlns</h3><p>XML（Extensible Markup Language/可扩展标记语言），标准通用标记语言的子集，是一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。</p>
<p>Xmlns（XML Namespaces的缩写）是一个属性，是XML（标准通用标记语言的子集）命名空间。作用是赋予命名空间一个唯一的名称。<br>XML 命名空间属性被放置于元素的开始标签之中，并使用以下的语法：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">xmlns:namespace-prefix="namespaceURI"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>当命名空间被定义在元素的开始标签中时，所有带有相同前缀的子元素都会与同一个命名空间相关联。</p>
<h3 id="2-URI-parts-and-components"><a href="#2-URI-parts-and-components" class="headerlink" title="2. URI parts and components"></a>2. URI parts and components</h3><p>An URI string is composed of 8 components and 5 parts:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose</span><br><span class="line"> \_/ \______________/\_________/ \_________/ \__/</span><br><span class="line"> | | | | |</span><br><span class="line">scheme authority path query fragment</span><br><span class="line"> | _____________________|__</span><br><span class="line"> / \ / \</span><br><span class="line"> urn:example:animal:ferret:nose</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>The URI authority part in itself can be composed of up to 3 parts:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">john:[email protected]:8042</span><br><span class="line">\______/ \_________/ \__/</span><br><span class="line"> | | |</span><br><span class="line">userinfo host port</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>The userinfo part is composed of the user and the pass components:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">captain:future</span><br><span class="line">\_____/ \____/</span><br><span class="line"> | |</span><br><span class="line"> user pass</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>URI</code>：Uniform Resource Identifier（统一资源标识符）<br><code>URL</code>：Uniform Resource Locator（统一资源定位符）<br><code>URN</code>：Uniform Resource Name（统一资源名称）<br><code>URL</code>和<code>URN</code>都是<code>URI</code>的子集，<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Relationship_between_URI.2C_URL.2C_and_URN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">点击了解三者关系</a>。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>其他相关：<br><code>java.net.URI</code><br><code>android.net.Uri</code><br><code>java.net.URL</code></p>
<h3 id="3-路径分隔符"><a href="#3-路径分隔符" class="headerlink" title="3. 路径分隔符"></a>3. 路径分隔符</h3><blockquote>
<p><code>Linux</code>，<code>Unix</code>，<code>URI/URL</code> 用的是<strong>斜杠</strong>（<code>"/"</code>）</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><code>Windows</code>用的是<strong>反斜杠</strong>（<code>"\"</code>）</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="4-nbsp-ReactiveX之Scheduler"><a href="#4-nbsp-ReactiveX之Scheduler" class="headerlink" title="4. ReactiveX之Scheduler"></a>4. ReactiveX之Scheduler</h3><blockquote>
<p> The <code>SubscribeOn</code> operator designates which thread the <code>Observable</code> will begin operating on, <strong>no matter at what point in the chain of operators that operator is called</strong>.<br><code>ObserveOn</code>, on the other hand, affects the thread that the <code>Observable</code> will use <strong>below</strong> where that operator appears. For this reason, you may call <code>ObserveOn</code> <strong>multiple times at various points during the chain of Observable operators</strong> in order to change on which threads certain of those operators operate.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>subscribeOn</code>可以放在<code>subscribe</code>之前的任意地方，指定产生数据源所在的线程（本例就是：<code>fromCallable</code>中的内容所在的线程）。<br>而<code>observeOn</code>也可以放在<code>subscribe</code>之前的任意地方，用于指定订阅、处理数据源发射的数据的线程（本例就是：<code>flatMap</code>和<code>map</code>中内容所在的线程）。<br><strong>但它的作用域是：从自己开始，到下一个<code>observeOn</code>之间</strong>。</p>
<p>例1:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">log("主线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line">Flowable.fromCallable(</span><br><span class="line"> () -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("fromCallable睡前：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> SystemClock.sleep(1000);</span><br><span class="line"> log("fromCallable睡后：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return getIntData(21, 22);</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .observeOn(Schedulers.computation())</span><br><span class="line"> .flatMap(</span><br><span class="line"> list -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("flatMap线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return Flowable.fromIterable(list);</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> i -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map1线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return String.valueOf(i);</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())</span><br><span class="line"> .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> s -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map2线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return "编号：" + s;</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .observeOn(Schedulers.single())</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> s -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map3线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return "学生" + s;</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .subscribe(</span><br><span class="line"> new Subscriber<String>() {</span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) {</span><br><span class="line"> s.request(Integer.MAX_VALUE);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onNext(String s) {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onNext: " + s);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onError(Throwable t) {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onError: " + t.toString());</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onComplete() {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onComplete");</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">8 主线程：main</span><br><span class="line">8 fromCallable睡前：RxCachedThreadScheduler-1</span><br><span class="line">9 fromCallable睡后：RxCachedThreadScheduler-1</span><br><span class="line">9 flatMap线程：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">9 map1线程：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">9 map1线程：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">9 map2线程：main</span><br><span class="line">9 map2线程：main</span><br><span class="line">9 map3线程：RxSingleScheduler-1</span><br><span class="line">9 onNext: 学生编号：21</span><br><span class="line">9 map3线程：RxSingleScheduler-1</span><br><span class="line">9 onNext: 学生编号：22</span><br><span class="line">9 onComplete</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>例2，就不用flatMap了，看的方便点：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">log("主线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line">Flowable.fromCallable(</span><br><span class="line"> () -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("fromCallable睡前：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> SystemClock.sleep(1000);</span><br><span class="line"> log("fromCallable睡后：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return getIntData(21, 22);</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> i -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map1线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return String.valueOf(i);</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> s -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map2线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return "编号：" + s;</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .observeOn(Schedulers.computation())</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> s -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map3线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return "学生" + s;</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())</span><br><span class="line"> .subscribe(</span><br><span class="line"> new Subscriber<String>() {</span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) {</span><br><span class="line"> s.request(Integer.MAX_VALUE);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onNext(String s) {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onNext: " + s);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onError(Throwable t) {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onError: " + t.toString());</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onComplete() {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onComplete");</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">27 主线程：main</span><br><span class="line">27 fromCallable睡前：RxCachedThreadScheduler-2</span><br><span class="line">28 fromCallable睡后：RxCachedThreadScheduler-2</span><br><span class="line">28 map1线程：RxCachedThreadScheduler-2</span><br><span class="line">28 map2线程：RxCachedThreadScheduler-2</span><br><span class="line">28 map3线程：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">28 onNext: 学生编号：[21, 22]</span><br><span class="line">28 onComplete</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>例3:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">log("主线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line">Flowable.fromCallable(</span><br><span class="line"> () -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("fromCallable睡前：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> SystemClock.sleep(1000);</span><br><span class="line"> log("fromCallable睡后：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return getIntData(21, 22);</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .subscribeOn(Schedulers.computation())</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> i -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map1线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return String.valueOf(i);</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> s -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map2线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return "编号：" + s;</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .observeOn(Schedulers.io())</span><br><span class="line"> .map(</span><br><span class="line"> s -> {</span><br><span class="line"> log("map3线程：" + getThreadName());</span><br><span class="line"> return "学生" + s;</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .subscribeOn(Schedulers.computation())</span><br><span class="line"> .subscribe(</span><br><span class="line"> new Subscriber<String>() {</span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) {</span><br><span class="line"> s.request(Integer.MAX_VALUE);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onNext(String s) {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onNext: " + s);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onError(Throwable t) {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onError: " + t.toString());</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public void onComplete() {</span><br><span class="line"> log("onComplete");</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">32 主线程：main</span><br><span class="line">32 fromCallable睡前：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">33 fromCallable睡后：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">33 map1线程：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">36 map2线程：RxComputationThreadPool-2</span><br><span class="line">33 map3线程：RxCachedThreadScheduler-1</span><br><span class="line">33 onNext: 学生编号：[21, 22]</span><br><span class="line">33 onComplete</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>三个例子的结论已经很明显：</p>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li><code>observeOn</code>可以放在<code>subscribe</code>之前任意地方，但它的作用域是从自己开始到下一个<code>observeOn</code>截止，<strong>它影响不了该方法之前的线程</strong>。<br>也就是说，比如例3，<code>fromCallable</code>的内容发生在<code>Schedulers.computation()</code>线程中，并且<code>map3</code>之前并没有<code>observeOn</code>，<br>所以<code>map1</code>，<code>map2</code>的线程就与<code>fromCallable</code>的线程相同。</li>
<li><code>subscribeOn</code>可以放在<code>subscribe</code>之前任意地方，但它的作用域也是<code>subscribe</code>之前任意地方，<br><strong>也就是说无论在哪里指定<code>subscribeOn</code>，都可以确定数据源所在线程。</strong></li>
<li>如果有多个<code>subscribeOn</code>怎么办？<br>例3已经回答了，那就是：<strong>只认第一个，忽略后面所有！</strong></li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="5-nbsp-RxRoom的几个坑："><a href="#5-nbsp-RxRoom的几个坑：" class="headerlink" title="5. RxRoom的几个坑："></a>5. RxRoom的几个坑：</h3><p>直接使用<code>Flowable<List<T>></code>后：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@Query("SELECT * FROM history_user")</span><br><span class="line">Flowable<List<HistoryUser>> loadHistoryUsers();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>使用后就不结束了，就是说不走<code>onComplte</code>了。。。</p>
<p>原因是，直接使用<code>Flowable</code>后，当你要查询的数据更新后，你就会接收到通知：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Every time the user data is updated, the Flowable object will emit automatically,<br>allowing you to update the UI based on the latest data.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这还是已经躲过一个坑之后了，下面继续：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@Query("SELECT * FROM validity_time2 WHERE feature = :feature")</span><br><span class="line">Flowable<ValidityTime2> getValidityTime2(int feature);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>如果表里没有任何数据，那么既接收不到<code>onNext</code>，也接收不到<code>onError</code>，更别提<code>onComplete</code>了。</p>
<p><strong>解决办法：</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@Query("SELECT * FROM validity_time2 WHERE feature = :feature")</span><br><span class="line">ValidityTime2 getValidityTime2(int feature);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后<code>Flowable.fromCallable</code>转成<code>Flowable</code>就可以了。</p>
<p>相关资料：<a href="https://medium.com/google-developers/room-rxjava-acb0cd4f3757" target="_blank" rel="noopener">资料1</a>，<a href="https://github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture-components/issues/84" target="_blank" rel="noopener">资料2</a></p>
<h3 id="6-nbsp-从Deivce-File-Explorer导出数据库的坑"><a href="#6-nbsp-从Deivce-File-Explorer导出数据库的坑" class="headerlink" title="6. 从Deivce File Explorer导出数据库的坑"></a>6. 从<code>Deivce File Explorer</code>导出数据库的坑</h3><p>一开始<code>.wal</code>文件时，直接导出<code>.db</code>文件，然后sqlite软件打开，是完全没问题。</p>
<p>但后来出现<code>.db-wal</code>后，就无法正常查看了，而且<code>.db</code>文件的永远都是4kb。</p>
<p>解决方法是：把<code>.db</code>,<code>.db-shm</code>,<code>.db-wal</code>一起导出，然后用sqlite软件打开<code>.db</code>文件，如下图所示：<br><img src="/2019/03/29/名词汇总篇/db1.png" alt="图片"> </p>
<h3 id="7-nbsp-retryWhen"><a href="#7-nbsp-retryWhen" class="headerlink" title="7. retryWhen"></a>7. retryWhen</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.retryWhen(throwableFlowable -> throwableFlowable.flatMap(</span><br><span class="line"> new Function<Throwable, Publisher<?>>() {</span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public Publisher<?> apply(Throwable throwable) throws Exception {</span><br><span class="line"> if (throwable instanceof TokenExpirationException) {</span><br><span class="line"> return retrieveToken();</span><br><span class="line"> }else{</span><br><span class="line"> return Flowable.error(throwable);</span><br><span class="line"> // return Flowable.just(1);</span><br><span class="line"> // throwableFlowable;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果apply返回一个产生异常的Flowable，则立即停止重试操作.<br>如果apply一个不会产生异常Flowable，则会重试之前的操作.<br>如果apply中直接throwableFlowable对象，则会报<code>This processor allows only a single Subscriber</code>的错. </p>
<h3 id="8-nbsp-使用RxLifecyle时注意"><a href="#8-nbsp-使用RxLifecyle时注意" class="headerlink" title="8. 使用RxLifecyle时注意."></a>8. 使用RxLifecyle时注意.</h3><p>如果Activity注册了bindToLifecycle，当Activity关闭时，如果有Rx还在运行中，不会走<code>onError</code>，而是<code>onComplete</code>.</p>
<h3 id="9-nbsp-android-enableAapt2-false"><a href="#9-nbsp-android-enableAapt2-false" class="headerlink" title="9. android.enableAapt2=false"></a>9. <code>android.enableAapt2=false</code></h3><p>这条语句应该设置在<code>gradle.properties</code>里，用法说明：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Android Plugin for Gradle 3.0.0之后 使用 AAPT2 改进了增量资源处理。<br>要启用 AAPT2，请将以下代码添加到您的 gradle.properties 文件中： <code>android.enableAapt2=true</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>但是在编译时（比如使用jenkins时）出现如下提示时，会有人推荐启用上面的配置，目的是为了兼容3.0之前的Gradle：<br><code>java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.tools.aapt2.Aapt2Exception: AAPT error: check logs for details site:stackoverflow.com</code></p>
<p>但是如果你使用了3.0后的Gralde，千万别使用这条语句，因为你会错过关于资源相关的错误提示！</p>
<p>真实场景：<br>网上下载了一张jpg图片，修改成后缀为png的图片。当时设置了<code>android.enableAapt2=false</code>，奇怪的事情发生了：<br>在<code>debug</code>环境下没任何问题，切换到<code>release</code>环境报了如下的错：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">* What went wrong:</span><br><span class="line">Execution failed for task ':app:mergeReleaseResources'.</span><br><span class="line">> Error: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.tools.aapt2.Aapt2Exception: AAPT error: check logs for details</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>排查后，取消设置<code>android.enableAapt2=false</code>后，给出如下提示：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">* What went wrong:</span><br><span class="line">Error:error: failed to read PNG signature: file does not start with PNG signature.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Error:Execution failed for task ':app:mergeBaiduReleaseResources'.</span><br><span class="line">> Error: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.android.tools.aapt2.Aapt2Exception: AAPT2 error: check logs for details</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>WHAT A FREAK ! </p>
<h3 id="10-nbsp-ExampleInstrumentedTest-一片姨妈红"><a href="#10-nbsp-ExampleInstrumentedTest-一片姨妈红" class="headerlink" title="10. ExampleInstrumentedTest 一片姨妈红"></a>10. <code>ExampleInstrumentedTest</code> 一片姨妈红</h3><p>最常规的解决方法就是一步步排查：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>相应的gradle文件下的<code>android</code>-><code>defaultConfig</code> 下有没有声明：<br><code>testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"</code><br>这条gradle默认创建的时候就有，所以一般不会有问题.</p>
</li>
<li><p>有没有<code>testCompile/testImplementation</code> <code>junit</code>，<code>androidTestCompile/androidTestImplementation</code> <code>runner</code>和<code>espresso</code><br>这条也是很好检查，然而还是没问题。<br>最后，被搞的焦头烂额时，看了<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30603487/cannot-resolve-symbol-androidjunit4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这个答案</a>，顿时如沐春风。。。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>第一次知道：<code>ExampleInstrumentedTest</code>只能运行在 <strong><code>debug</code></strong> 环境之下!</p>
<h3 id="11-nbsp-EventBus-的一个小的注意点"><a href="#11-nbsp-EventBus-的一个小的注意点" class="headerlink" title="11. EventBus 的一个小的注意点"></a>11. <code>EventBus</code> 的一个小的注意点</h3><p>我们一般在<code>BaseActivity</code>的要复写如两个下方法，为了不让子类直接去操作<code>onCreate</code>方法：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@Override</span><br><span class="line">public final void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState, @Nullable PersistableBundle persistentState) {</span><br><span class="line"> super.onCreate(savedInstanceState, persistentState);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@Override</span><br><span class="line">protected final void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {</span><br><span class="line"> super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>但是当<code>EventBus</code>在<code>register</code>时，会报一个错：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: android/os/PersistableBundle</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>解决方法：<br>取消覆写<code>onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState, @Nullable PersistableBundle persistentState)</code>方法，<br>不管加不加<code>final</code>，只要覆写，就会报错。</p>
<h3 id="12-nbsp-gralde文件中的路径分隔符"><a href="#12-nbsp-gralde文件中的路径分隔符" class="headerlink" title="12. gralde文件中的路径分隔符"></a>12. <code>gralde</code>文件中的路径分隔符</h3><p>先说个场景，<code>Windows</code>系统下：</p>
<p>正式环境下的<code>jks</code>不放到于主项目中，而是放到另外一个git库中，拉取到本地。</p>
<p>里面仅有2个文件：</p>
<p><code>***.jks</code>和<code>jks.properties</code></p>
<p><code>jks.properties</code>的内容类似如下：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">keyAlias=A</span><br><span class="line">keyPassword=123456</span><br><span class="line">storeFile=E:/Repository/AJKS/a.jks</span><br><span class="line">storePassword=123456</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后由<code>gralde</code>去读取<code>jks.properties</code>中的数据。</p>
<p>下一步，该如何知道<code>jks.properties</code>放到哪？</p>
<p> <code>local.properties</code> 中设置了：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">jksPropertiesDir=E\:\\Repository\\AJKS\\a.properties</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>好了，问题出现了：<br><code>storeFile</code>用的斜杠，而<code>jksPropertiesDir</code>用的是反斜杠，并且转义过。</p>
<p>思路，首先，确定的是：</p>
<p>冒号(<code>:</code>)和反斜杠(<code>\</code>)在<code>groovy</code>语法中需要转义，而斜杠(<code>/</code>)不需要。</p>
<p>所以jksPropertiesDir真正被读取的内容是：<code>E:\Repository\AJKS\a.properties</code>，这个没有任何异议。</p>
<p>为了验证<code>storeFile</code>的写法，修改<code>jksPropertiesDir</code>为<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">jksPropertiesDir=E\:/Repository/AJKS/a.properties</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>结果编译通过！</p>
<h4 id="事实证明Windows下的gralde即可以读取反斜杠-分割的路径，也可以读取斜杠-分割的路径"><a href="#事实证明Windows下的gralde即可以读取反斜杠-分割的路径，也可以读取斜杠-分割的路径" class="headerlink" title="事实证明Windows下的gralde即可以读取反斜杠(\)分割的路径，也可以读取斜杠(/)分割的路径"></a>事实证明<code>Windows</code>下的<code>gralde</code>即可以读取反斜杠(<code>\</code>)分割的路径，也可以读取斜杠(<code>/</code>)分割的路径</h4><p>同样，如果<code>storeFile</code>如果想换成反斜杠(<code>\</code>)的写法，应该这样写：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">storeFile=E\:\\Repository\\AJKS\\a.jks</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>最后，列个比较结果：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>名称</th>
<th>写法</th>
<th>最终目标结果</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>storeFile</code></td>
<td><code>E\:\\Repository\\AJKS\\a.jks</code></td>
<td><code>E:\Repository\AJKS\a.jks</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>storeFile</code></td>
<td><code>E:/Repository/AJKS/a.jks</code></td>
<td><code>E:/Repository/AJKS/a.jks</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>jksPropertiesDir</code></td>
<td><code>E\:\\Repository\\AJKS\\a.properties</code></td>
<td><code>E:\Repository\AJKS\a.properties</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>jksPropertiesDir</code></td>
<td><code>E\:/Repository/AJKS/a.properties</code></td>
<td><code>E:/Repository/AJKS/a.properties</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>注:上面都验证过是完全正确的写法，特别注意下冒号(<code>:</code>)，什么时候要将转义，什么时候不要。<br><code>storeFile</code>的第二种写法不要转义，而<code>jksPropertiesDir</code>的第二种写法要转义。<br>前者存在于系统指定路径下的<code>jks.properties</code>中，后者是存在于项目的<code>local.properties</code>中。</strong></p>
<h3 id="13-nbsp-动态设置是否使用Dagger2（AndroidInjection的方式）"><a href="#13-nbsp-动态设置是否使用Dagger2（AndroidInjection的方式）" class="headerlink" title="13. 动态设置是否使用Dagger2（AndroidInjection的方式）"></a>13. 动态设置是否使用Dagger2（AndroidInjection的方式）</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class BaseDaggerAppCompatActivity extends RxAppCompatActivity</span><br><span class="line"> implements HasFragmentInjector, HasSupportFragmentInjector {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Inject DispatchingAndroidInjector<Fragment> supportFragmentInjector;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Inject DispatchingAndroidInjector<android.app.Fragment> frameworkFragmentInjector;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {</span><br><span class="line"> AndroidInjection.inject(this);</span><br><span class="line"> super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public AndroidInjector<Fragment> supportFragmentInjector() {</span><br><span class="line"> return supportFragmentInjector;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Override</span><br><span class="line"> public AndroidInjector<android.app.Fragment> fragmentInjector() {</span><br><span class="line"> return frameworkFragmentInjector;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@Module</span><br><span class="line">public abstract class LoginBindingModule {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @ActivityScoped</span><br><span class="line"> @ContributesAndroidInjector(modules = LoginActivityModule.class)</span><br><span class="line"> abstract LoginActivity loginActivity();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@Module</span><br><span class="line">public abstract class LoginActivityModule {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @ActivityScoped</span><br><span class="line"> @Binds</span><br><span class="line"> abstract LoginActivityContract.Presenter loginActivityContractPresenter(LoginActivityPresenter homePresenter);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public abstract class BaseActivity<T extends IPresenter> extends BaseDaggerAppCompatActivity implements IView {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @Inject protected T mPresenter;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class LoginActivity extends BaseActivity<LoginActivityContract.Presenter> implements LoginActivityContract.View {</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>场景与结果：</p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> 在<code>BaseDaggerAppCompatActivity</code>里去掉<code>AndroidInjection.inject(this);</code>，并且<code>LoginBindingModule</code>里去掉对<code>LoginActivity</code>的构造。<br><strong>则即使在代码里使用<code>@Inject</code>声明成员变量，该注解都是没有任何作用的。</strong><br>(这是我们需要，<code>BaseActivity</code>当做普通的<strong>不包含Dagger功能</strong>的Activity使用。<br>另外该情况不管<code>LoginActivityModule</code>里提不提供Presenter都是没有任何影响的)</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> 在<code>BaseDaggerAppCompatActivity</code>里去掉<code>AndroidInjection.inject(this)</code>，并且<code>LoginBindingModule</code>正常添加对<code>LoginActivity</code>的构造。<br><code>LoginActivityModule</code>里提供Presenter,<strong>编译运行都没问题，只是Presenter为空</strong>。<br><code>LoginActivityModule</code>里不提供Presenter,编译报了最常见的错：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LoginActivityContract.Presenter cannot be provided without an @Provides- or @Produces-annotated method.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>对于上述情况额外说一下，如果<code>LoginActivity</code>不指定<code>LoginActivityContract.Presenter</code>这个泛型，而是直接继承<code>BaseActivity</code>，则：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">IPresenter cannot be provided without an @Provides- or @Produces-annotated method.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>很显然，对于<code>BaseActivity<T extends IPresenter></code>，上面并没指定<code>T</code>，默认就使用<code>IPresenter</code>类型。<br>所以对于这个例子，即使<code>LoginActivityModule</code>提供了<code>LoginActivityContract.Presenter</code>，而<code>LoginActivity</code>没指定<code><LoginActivityContract.Presenter></code>泛型,<strong>还是会报如上相同的错</strong>。</p>
<p><strong>3.</strong> 在<code>BaseDaggerAppCompatActivity</code>里加上<code>AndroidInjection.inject(this)</code>，并且<code>LoginBindingModule</code>里去掉对<code>LoginActivity</code>的构造。<br>不管<code>LoginActivityModule</code>里提不提供Presenter，结果都是<strong>编译期没问题，运行时在处<code>AndroidInjection.inject(this);</code>处报错</strong>：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No injector factory bound for Class<LoginActivity></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>4.</strong> 在<code>BaseDaggerAppCompatActivity</code>里加上<code>AndroidInjection.inject(this)</code>，并且<code>LoginBindingModule</code>正常添加对<code>LoginActivity</code>的构造。<br>这个是我们最常见的情况。<br><code>LoginActivityModule</code>里提供Presenter,一切正常。<br><code>LoginActivityModule</code>里不提供Presenter,同第2点同场景的错一致。</p>
<p><strong>通过对以上比较，可以看出</strong>：</p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> <code>LoginBindingModule</code>里使用<code>ContributesAndroidInjector</code>进行构造的操作发生在<strong>编译期</strong>。<br>如果一个Activity使用了<code>ContributesAndroidInjector</code>进行构造，则其所依赖的对象在编译时期必须提供，而且是具体的类型。<br>而<code>AndroidInjection.inject(this)</code>则发生在<strong>运行期</strong>，决定了某个Activity是否要注入使用提供的对象，与编译器的检查机制没关系。</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> 想无痕的使用不包含<code>Dagger</code>的<code>Activity</code>，只能使用第一种情况。这种不需要在<code>LoginBindingModule</code>声明构造<code>LoginActivity</code>，更不需要提供<code>LoginActivityModule</code>。<br> <strong>使用<code>@BindsOptionalOf</code>没用！</strong>，最终还是需要在<code>LoginBindingModule</code>里构造<code>LoginActivity</code>,并且还需要提供<code>LoginActivityModule</code>，只是在该Mdoule里声明了<code>@BindsOptionalOf</code>而已，还要在<code>BaseActivity</code>里搭配<code>Optional</code>使用，还会影响其他Activity<br>（一旦使用了<code>@Inject protected Optional<T> mPresenter;</code>，所有的Activity的Moudle都提供<code>@BindsOptionalOf</code>的Presenter。如果只是<code>LoginActivityModule</code>提供了，而其他Activity的Moudle不提供，则会在出现:<br><code>Optional<HomeContract.Presenter> cannot be provided without an @Inject constructor or from an @Provides- or @Produces-annotated method.</code>这样的错误，<br>因为HomeActivityMoudle把Optional<HomeContract.Presenter>当成一个类型了。）简直灾难啊，有没有！！！<br>以后可以忘记<code>Dagger</code>有<code>@BindsOptionalOf</code>这个操作符了。<br> 在<code>BaseActivity</code>使用<code>@Inject @Nullable protected T mPresenter;</code>更是没意义。也就是说<code>@Nullbale</code><strong>没有任何作用</strong>！</p>
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