diff --git a/src/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php b/src/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php
index 7175d7a88747d..647ec8335d6d7 100644
--- a/src/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php
+++ b/src/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php
@@ -636,10 +636,10 @@ class WP_Theme_JSON {
 	/**
 	 * Defines which pseudo selectors are enabled for which elements.
 	 *
-	 * The order of the selectors should be: link, any-link, visited, hover, focus, focus-visible, active.
-	 * This is to ensure the user action (hover, focus and active) styles have a higher
-	 * specificity than the visited styles, which in turn have a higher specificity than
-	 * the unvisited styles.
+	 * The selector order controls the cascade when multiple states match. Link and button
+	 * selectors follow the LVHA order, with focus-visible immediately after focus. Text input
+	 * validation states come before the focus states because an edited field can match both
+	 * at once, so user action styles must be output last to win.
 	 *
 	 * See https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/56928.
 	 * Note: this will affect both top-level and block-level elements.
@@ -648,11 +648,14 @@ class WP_Theme_JSON {
 	 * @since 6.2.0 Added support for ':link' and ':any-link'.
 	 * @since 6.8.0 Added support for ':focus-visible'.
 	 * @since 6.9.0 Added `textInput` and `select` elements.
+	 * @since 7.2.0 Added ':required', ':user-valid', ':user-invalid', ':focus', ':focus-visible',
+	 *              and '::placeholder' support for the text input element.
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	const VALID_ELEMENT_PSEUDO_SELECTORS = array(
-		'link'   => array( ':link', ':any-link', ':visited', ':hover', ':focus', ':focus-visible', ':active' ),
-		'button' => array( ':link', ':any-link', ':visited', ':hover', ':focus', ':focus-visible', ':active' ),
+		'link'      => array( ':link', ':any-link', ':visited', ':hover', ':focus', ':focus-visible', ':active' ),
+		'button'    => array( ':link', ':any-link', ':visited', ':hover', ':focus', ':focus-visible', ':active' ),
+		'textInput' => array( ':required', ':user-valid', ':user-invalid', ':focus', ':focus-visible', '::placeholder' ),
 	);
 
 	/**
@@ -1470,6 +1473,44 @@ protected static function sanitize( $input, $valid_block_names, $valid_element_n
 		return $output;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether a pseudo selector is a pseudo-element, e.g. '::placeholder'.
+	 *
+	 * Pseudo-elements are not valid inside `:where()`, so rules that target them
+	 * cannot use the `:root :where()` specificity wrapper.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.2.0
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null $pseudo_selector Pseudo selector to check, e.g. ':hover' or '::placeholder'.
+	 * @return bool True if the pseudo selector is a pseudo-element.
+	 */
+	protected static function is_pseudo_element( $pseudo_selector ) {
+		return is_string( $pseudo_selector ) && str_starts_with( $pseudo_selector, '::' );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Builds the specificity-capped selector for a pseudo selector rule.
+	 *
+	 * Pseudo-classes are appended to each part of the base selector inside the
+	 * `:root :where()` wrapper, e.g. `:root :where(a:hover)`. Pseudo-elements are
+	 * not valid inside `:where()`, so they are appended after the wrapper instead,
+	 * e.g. `:root :where(textarea, input)::placeholder`, which keeps the same
+	 * specificity regardless of where the element styles are defined.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.2.0
+	 *
+	 * @param string $base_selector   Selector without the pseudo selector, e.g. 'textarea, input'.
+	 * @param string $pseudo_selector Pseudo selector to apply, e.g. ':hover' or '::placeholder'.
+	 * @return string The selector to use for the rule.
+	 */
+	protected static function get_pseudo_rule_selector( $base_selector, $pseudo_selector ) {
+		if ( static::is_pseudo_element( $pseudo_selector ) ) {
+			return ':root :where(' . $base_selector . ')' . $pseudo_selector;
+		}
+
+		return ':root :where(' . static::append_to_selector( $base_selector, $pseudo_selector ) . ')';
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Appends a sub-selector to an existing one.
 	 *
@@ -3977,7 +4018,7 @@ public function get_styles_for_block( $block_metadata ) {
 										continue;
 									}
 
-									$pseudo_selector_ruleset          = static::to_ruleset( ':root :where(' . static::append_to_selector( $variation_element_selector, $pseudo_selector ) . ')', $pseudo_declarations );
+									$pseudo_selector_ruleset          = static::to_ruleset( static::get_pseudo_rule_selector( $variation_element_selector, $pseudo_selector ), $pseudo_declarations );
 									$variation_responsive_pseudo_css .= $breakpoint_media . '{' . $pseudo_selector_ruleset . '}';
 								}
 							}
@@ -4114,6 +4155,9 @@ static function ( $pseudo_selector ) use ( $selector ) {
 		 * Pseudo classes, e.g. :hover, :focus etc., are a class-level selector so
 		 * still need to be wrapped in `:root :where` to cap specificity for nested
 		 * variations etc. Pseudo selectors won't match the ELEMENTS selector exactly.
+		 *
+		 * Pseudo-elements, e.g. ::placeholder, are not valid inside `:where()`, so
+		 * they are appended after the wrapper instead.
 		 */
 		$element_only_selector = $is_root_selector || (
 			$current_element &&
@@ -4124,8 +4168,13 @@ static function ( $pseudo_selector ) use ( $selector ) {
 		);
 
 		// 2. Generate and append the rules that use the general selector.
-		$general_selector = $element_only_selector ? $selector : ":root :where($selector)";
-		$block_rules     .= static::to_ruleset( $general_selector, $declarations );
+		if ( static::is_pseudo_element( $pseudo_selector ) ) {
+			// The node selector already carries the pseudo-element on each part, so strip it to get the base selector.
+			$general_selector = static::get_pseudo_rule_selector( str_replace( $pseudo_selector, '', $selector ), $pseudo_selector );
+		} else {
+			$general_selector = $element_only_selector ? $selector : ":root :where($selector)";
+		}
+		$block_rules .= static::to_ruleset( $general_selector, $declarations );
 
 		// 3. Generate and append the rules that use the duotone selector.
 		if ( isset( $block_metadata['duotone'] ) && ! empty( $declarations_duotone ) ) {
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/theme/wpThemeJson.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/theme/wpThemeJson.php
index c2cda7bb158d0..9283d70a719f5 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit/tests/theme/wpThemeJson.php
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/theme/wpThemeJson.php
@@ -1888,6 +1888,216 @@ public function test_get_stylesheet_ignores_pseudo_selectors_on_non_whitelisted_
 		$this->assertSame( $expected, $theme_json->get_stylesheet( array( 'styles' ), null, array( 'skip_root_layout_styles' => true ) ) );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65880
+	 */
+	public function test_get_stylesheet_renders_text_input_focus_color_styles() {
+		$theme_json = new WP_Theme_JSON(
+			array(
+				'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+				'styles'  => array(
+					'elements' => array(
+						'textInput' => array(
+							':focus' => array(
+								'color' => array(
+									'text' => 'blue',
+								),
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+
+		$expected = ':root :where(textarea:focus, input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]):focus){color: blue;}';
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $theme_json->get_stylesheet( array( 'styles' ), null, array( 'skip_root_layout_styles' => true ) ) );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65880
+	 */
+	public function test_get_stylesheet_renders_text_input_user_invalid_spacing_styles() {
+		$theme_json = new WP_Theme_JSON(
+			array(
+				'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+				'styles'  => array(
+					'elements' => array(
+						'textInput' => array(
+							':user-invalid' => array(
+								'spacing' => array(
+									'padding' => array(
+										'top' => '1rem',
+									),
+								),
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+
+		$expected = ':root :where(textarea:user-invalid, input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]):user-invalid){padding-top: 1rem;}';
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $theme_json->get_stylesheet( array( 'styles' ), null, array( 'skip_root_layout_styles' => true ) ) );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65880
+	 */
+	public function test_get_stylesheet_renders_text_input_placeholder_typography_styles() {
+		$theme_json = new WP_Theme_JSON(
+			array(
+				'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+				'styles'  => array(
+					'elements' => array(
+						'textInput' => array(
+							'::placeholder' => array(
+								'typography' => array(
+									'fontStyle' => 'italic',
+								),
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+
+		$expected = ':root :where(textarea, input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]))::placeholder{font-style: italic;}';
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $theme_json->get_stylesheet( array( 'styles' ), null, array( 'skip_root_layout_styles' => true ) ) );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65880
+	 */
+	public function test_get_stylesheet_renders_variation_responsive_text_input_pseudo_selectors() {
+		register_block_style(
+			'core/group',
+			array(
+				'name'  => 'section-1',
+				'label' => 'Section 1',
+			)
+		);
+
+		$theme_json = new WP_Theme_JSON(
+			array(
+				'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+				'styles'  => array(
+					'blocks' => array(
+						'core/group' => array(
+							'variations' => array(
+								'section-1' => array(
+									'@mobile' => array(
+										'elements' => array(
+											'textInput' => array(
+												':focus' => array(
+													'color' => array(
+														'text' => 'blue',
+													),
+												),
+												'::placeholder' => array(
+													'color' => array(
+														'text' => 'green',
+													),
+												),
+											),
+										),
+									),
+								),
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+
+		$actual = $theme_json->get_stylesheet(
+			array( 'styles' ),
+			null,
+			array(
+				'skip_root_layout_styles'        => true,
+				'include_block_style_variations' => true,
+			)
+		);
+
+		unregister_block_style( 'core/group', 'section-1' );
+
+		$focus       = '@media (width <= 480px){:root :where(.wp-block-group.is-style-section-1 textarea:focus, .wp-block-group.is-style-section-1 input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]):focus){color: blue;}}';
+		$placeholder = '@media (width <= 480px){:root :where(.wp-block-group.is-style-section-1 textarea, .wp-block-group.is-style-section-1 input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]))::placeholder{color: green;}}';
+
+		$this->assertStringContainsString( $focus, $actual );
+		$this->assertStringContainsString( $placeholder, $actual );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests that text input focus styles are output after validation styles, so focus wins when both match.
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 65880
+	 */
+	public function test_get_stylesheet_outputs_text_input_focus_after_validation_states() {
+		$theme_json = new WP_Theme_JSON(
+			array(
+				'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+				'styles'  => array(
+					'elements' => array(
+						'textInput' => array(
+							':focus'        => array(
+								'color' => array(
+									'text' => 'blue',
+								),
+							),
+							':user-valid'   => array(
+								'color' => array(
+									'text' => 'green',
+								),
+							),
+							':user-invalid' => array(
+								'color' => array(
+									'text' => 'red',
+								),
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+
+		$expected = ':root :where(textarea:user-valid, input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]):user-valid){color: green;}:root :where(textarea:user-invalid, input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]):user-invalid){color: red;}:root :where(textarea:focus, input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]):focus){color: blue;}';
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $theme_json->get_stylesheet( array( 'styles' ), null, array( 'skip_root_layout_styles' => true ) ) );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65880
+	 */
+	public function test_get_stylesheet_renders_block_text_input_placeholder_styles() {
+		$theme_json = new WP_Theme_JSON(
+			array(
+				'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+				'styles'  => array(
+					'blocks' => array(
+						'core/search' => array(
+							'elements' => array(
+								'textInput' => array(
+									'::placeholder' => array(
+										'color' => array(
+											'text' => 'green',
+										),
+									),
+								),
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+
+		$expected = ':root :where(.wp-block-search textarea, .wp-block-search input:where([type=email],[type=number],[type=password],[type=search],[type=text],[type=tel],[type=url]))::placeholder{color: green;}';
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $theme_json->get_stylesheet( array( 'styles' ), null, array( 'skip_root_layout_styles' => true ) ) );
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @ticket 56467
 	 * @ticket 58550
@@ -4407,6 +4617,70 @@ public function test_remove_invalid_element_pseudo_selectors() {
 		$this->assertEqualSetsWithIndex( $expected, $actual );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 65880
+	 */
+	public function test_remove_insecure_properties_preserves_supported_text_input_pseudo_selectors() {
+		$actual = WP_Theme_JSON::remove_insecure_properties(
+			array(
+				'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+				'styles'  => array(
+					'elements' => array(
+						'textInput' => array(
+							':focus'        => array(
+								'color' => array(
+									'text' => 'blue',
+								),
+							),
+							':user-invalid' => array(
+								'spacing' => array(
+									'padding' => array(
+										'top' => '1rem',
+									),
+								),
+							),
+							'::placeholder' => array(
+								'typography' => array(
+									'fontStyle' => 'italic',
+								),
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			),
+			'theme'
+		);
+
+		$expected = array(
+			'version' => WP_Theme_JSON::LATEST_SCHEMA,
+			'styles'  => array(
+				'elements' => array(
+					'textInput' => array(
+						':focus'        => array(
+							'color' => array(
+								'text' => 'blue',
+							),
+						),
+						':user-invalid' => array(
+							'spacing' => array(
+								'padding' => array(
+									'top' => '1rem',
+								),
+							),
+						),
+						'::placeholder' => array(
+							'typography' => array(
+								'fontStyle' => 'italic',
+							),
+						),
+					),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+
+		$this->assertEqualSetsWithIndex( $expected, $actual );
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @ticket 54336
 	 */