Table Block: Adjustable column widths

[korynorthrop]

It would be great to have the ability to adjust individual column widths inside of the core Table block. As of now there is the default setting (which is some sort of dynamic width) and the toggle in the block setting for "Fixed width table cells". These two options do not satisfy everyone's needs and being able to set the width of columns (by dragging, typing a value, etc.) would be a great improvement.

This enhancement was originally requested in #38248 along with multiple other improvements to the core Table block. It was suggested that it be made into a separate issue so as to be tracked more easily. While it got mentioned as an enhancement in the Table block tracking issue (#32400), there was never a specific issue created to track this requested enhancement, which is why I created this issue.