diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/index.js b/packages/block-library/src/index.js
index 643730e17c93c..37cafb85f8410 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/index.js
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ import * as shortcode from './shortcode';
 import * as spacer from './spacer';
 import * as subhead from './subhead';
 import * as table from './table';
+import * as tableOfContents from './table-of-contents';
 import * as textColumns from './text-columns';
 import * as verse from './verse';
 import * as video from './video';
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ export const __experimentalGetCoreBlocks = () => [
 	spacer,
 	subhead,
 	table,
+	tableOfContents,
 	tagCloud,
 	textColumns,
 	verse,
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/ListItem.js b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/ListItem.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..22de0088c3a92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/ListItem.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+export default function ListItem( { children, noWrapList = false } ) {
+	if ( children ) {
+		const childNodes = children.map( function ( childNode, index ) {
+			const { content, anchor, level } = childNode.block;
+
+			const entry = anchor ? (
+				<a
+					className="blocks-table-of-contents-entry"
+					href={ anchor }
+					data-level={ level }
+				>
+					{ content }
+				</a>
+			) : (
+				<span
+					className="blocks-table-of-contents-entry"
+					data-level={ level }
+				>
+					{ content }
+				</span>
+			);
+
+			return (
+				<li key={ index }>
+					{ entry }
+					{ childNode.children ? (
+						<ListItem>{ childNode.children }</ListItem>
+					) : null }
+				</li>
+			);
+		} );
+
+		// Don't wrap the list elements in <ul> if converting to a core/list.
+		return noWrapList ? childNodes : <ul>{ childNodes }</ul>;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/block.json b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/block.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2b503ce44dd7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/block.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+	"name": "core/table-of-contents",
+	"category": "common",
+	"attributes": {
+		"headings": {
+			"type": "array",
+			"source": "query",
+			"selector": ".blocks-table-of-contents-entry",
+			"default": [],
+			"query": {
+				"content": { "source": "text" },
+				"anchor": { "source": "attribute", "attribute": "href" },
+				"level": { "source": "attribute", "attribute": "data-level" }
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/edit.js b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/edit.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b302578d8ea8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/edit.js
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * External dependencies
+ */
+
+const { isEqual } = require( 'lodash' );
+
+/**
+ * Internal dependencies
+ */
+import { getHeadingsList, linearToNestedHeadingList } from './utils';
+import ListItem from './ListItem';
+
+/**
+ * WordPress dependencies
+ */
+import { Component } from '@wordpress/element';
+import { subscribe } from '@wordpress/data';
+import { __ } from '@wordpress/i18n';
+
+class TableOfContentsEdit extends Component {
+	componentDidMount() {
+		const { attributes, setAttributes } = this.props;
+		let { headings } = attributes;
+
+		// Update the table of contents when changes are made to other blocks.
+		this.unsubscribe = subscribe( () => {
+			this.setState( { headings: getHeadingsList() } );
+		} );
+
+		if ( ! headings ) {
+			headings = getHeadingsList();
+		}
+
+		setAttributes( { headings } );
+	}
+
+	componentWillUnmount() {
+		this.unsubscribe();
+	}
+
+	componentDidUpdate( prevProps, prevState ) {
+		const { setAttributes } = this.props;
+		const { headings } = this.state;
+
+		if ( prevState && ! isEqual( headings, prevState.headings ) ) {
+			setAttributes( { headings } );
+		}
+	}
+
+	render() {
+		const { attributes } = this.props;
+		const { headings = [] } = attributes;
+
+		if ( headings.length === 0 ) {
+			return (
+				<p>
+					{ __(
+						'Start adding heading blocks to see a Table of Contents here'
+					) }
+				</p>
+			);
+		}
+
+		return (
+			<div className={ this.props.className }>
+				<ListItem>{ linearToNestedHeadingList( headings ) }</ListItem>
+			</div>
+		);
+	}
+}
+
+export default TableOfContentsEdit;
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/index.js b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3a2ca88ede24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * WordPress dependencies
+ */
+import { __ } from '@wordpress/i18n';
+
+/**
+ * Internal dependencies
+ */
+import edit from './edit';
+import metadata from './block.json';
+import save from './save';
+import transforms from './transforms';
+
+const { name } = metadata;
+
+export { metadata, name };
+
+export const settings = {
+	title: __( 'Table of Contents' ),
+	description: __(
+		'Add a list of internal links allowing your readers to quickly navigate around.'
+	),
+	icon: 'list-view',
+	category: 'layout',
+	transforms,
+	edit,
+	save,
+};
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/save.js b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/save.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..934ea75ab02be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/save.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ * Internal dependencies
+ */
+import { linearToNestedHeadingList } from './utils';
+import ListItem from './ListItem';
+
+export default function save( props ) {
+	const { attributes } = props;
+	const { headings } = attributes;
+
+	if ( headings.length === 0 ) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	return (
+		<nav className={ props.className }>
+			<ListItem>{ linearToNestedHeadingList( headings ) }</ListItem>
+		</nav>
+	);
+}
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/transforms.js b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/transforms.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..80c72ac1a103e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/transforms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * WordPress dependencies
+ */
+import { createBlock } from '@wordpress/blocks';
+import { renderToString } from '@wordpress/element';
+
+/**
+ * Internal dependencies
+ */
+import { linearToNestedHeadingList } from './utils';
+import ListItem from './ListItem';
+
+const transforms = {
+	to: [
+		{
+			type: 'block',
+			blocks: [ 'core/list' ],
+			transform: ( { headings } ) => {
+				return createBlock( 'core/list', {
+					values: renderToString(
+						<ListItem noWrapList>
+							{ linearToNestedHeadingList( headings ) }
+						</ListItem>
+					),
+				} );
+			},
+		},
+	],
+};
+
+export default transforms;
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/utils.js b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3aae1bf3fd5cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/table-of-contents/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/**
+ * WordPress dependencies
+ */
+import { store as blockEditorStore } from '@wordpress/block-editor';
+import { select } from '@wordpress/data';
+import { create } from '@wordpress/rich-text';
+
+/**
+ * Takes a flat list of heading parameters and nests them based on each header's
+ * immediate parent's level.
+ *
+ * @param {Array}  headingsList The flat list of headings to nest.
+ * @param {number} index        The current list index.
+ * @return {Array} The nested list of headings.
+ */
+export function linearToNestedHeadingList( headingsList, index = 0 ) {
+	const nestedHeadingsList = [];
+
+	headingsList.forEach( function ( heading, key ) {
+		if ( heading.content === undefined ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Make sure we are only working with the same level as the first iteration in our set.
+		if ( heading.level === headingsList[ 0 ].level ) {
+			// Check that the next iteration will return a value.
+			// If it does and the next level is greater than the current level,
+			// the next iteration becomes a child of the current interation.
+			if (
+				headingsList[ key + 1 ] !== undefined &&
+				headingsList[ key + 1 ].level > heading.level
+			) {
+				// We need to calculate the last index before the next iteration that has the same level (siblings).
+				// We then use this last index to slice the array for use in recursion.
+				// This prevents duplicate nodes.
+				let endOfSlice = headingsList.length;
+				for ( let i = key + 1; i < headingsList.length; i++ ) {
+					if ( headingsList[ i ].level === heading.level ) {
+						endOfSlice = i;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// We found a child node: Push a new node onto the return array with children.
+				nestedHeadingsList.push( {
+					block: heading,
+					index: index + key,
+					children: linearToNestedHeadingList(
+						headingsList.slice( key + 1, endOfSlice ),
+						index + key + 1
+					),
+				} );
+			} else {
+				// No child node: Push a new node onto the return array.
+				nestedHeadingsList.push( {
+					block: heading,
+					index: index + key,
+					children: null,
+				} );
+			}
+		}
+	} );
+
+	return nestedHeadingsList;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets a list of heading texts, anchors and levels in the current document.
+ *
+ * @return {Array} The list of headings.
+ */
+export function getHeadingsList() {
+	return convertBlocksToTableOfContents( getHeadingBlocks() );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets a list of heading blocks in the current document.
+ *
+ * @return {Array} The list of heading blocks.
+ */
+export function getHeadingBlocks() {
+	const editor = select( blockEditorStore );
+	return editor
+		.getBlocks()
+		.filter( ( block ) => block.name === 'core/heading' );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts text, anchor and level from a list of heading blocks.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} headingBlocks The list of heading blocks.
+ * @return {Array} The list of heading parameters.
+ */
+export function convertBlocksToTableOfContents( headingBlocks ) {
+	return headingBlocks.map( function ( heading ) {
+		// This is a string so that it can be stored/sourced as an attribute in the table of contents
+		// block using a data attribute.
+		const level = heading.attributes.level.toString();
+
+		const headingContent = heading.attributes.content;
+		const anchorContent = heading.attributes.anchor;
+
+		// Strip html from heading to use as the table of contents entry.
+		const content = headingContent
+			? create( { html: headingContent } ).text
+			: '';
+
+		const anchor = anchorContent ? '#' + anchorContent : '';
+
+		return { content, anchor, level };
+	} );
+}
diff --git a/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/block-transforms.js b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/block-transforms.js
index 35404b9dec474..af3cee3c2f70e 100644
--- a/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/block-transforms.js
+++ b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/block-transforms.js
@@ -516,6 +516,10 @@ export const EXPECTED_TRANSFORMS = {
 		originalBlock: 'Table',
 		availableTransforms: [ 'Group' ],
 	},
+	'core__table-of-contents': {
+		originalBlock: 'Table of Contents',
+		availableTransforms: [ 'Group', 'List' ],
+	},
 	'core__tag-cloud': {
 		originalBlock: 'Tag Cloud',
 		availableTransforms: [ 'Group' ],
diff --git a/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.html b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0648739665c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<!-- wp:core/table-of-contents -->
+<nav class="wp-block-table-of-contents"><ul><li><a class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" href="#0-First-Heading" data-level="2">First Heading</a><ul><li><a class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" href="#1-Sub-Heading" data-level="3">Sub Heading</a></li><li><a class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" href="#2-Another-Sub-Heading" data-level="3">Another Sub Heading</a></li><li><span class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" data-level="3">A Sub Heading Without Link</span></li></ul></li></ul></nav>
+<!-- /wp:core/table-of-contents -->
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.json b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3769fd2eed875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+[
+    {
+        "clientId": "_clientId_0",
+        "name": "core/table-of-contents",
+        "isValid": true,
+        "attributes": {
+            "headings": [
+                {
+                    "content": "First Heading",
+                    "anchor": "#0-First-Heading",
+                    "level": "2"
+                },
+                {
+                    "content": "Sub Heading",
+                    "anchor": "#1-Sub-Heading",
+                    "level": "3"
+                },
+                {
+                    "content": "Another Sub Heading",
+                    "anchor": "#2-Another-Sub-Heading",
+                    "level": "3"
+                },
+                {
+                    "content": "A Sub Heading Without Link",
+                    "level": "3"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        "innerBlocks": [],
+        "originalContent": "<nav class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#0-First-Heading\" data-level=\"2\">First Heading</a><ul><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#1-Sub-Heading\" data-level=\"3\">Sub Heading</a></li><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#2-Another-Sub-Heading\" data-level=\"3\">Another Sub Heading</a></li><li><span class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" data-level=\"3\">A Sub Heading Without Link</span></li></ul></li></ul></nav>"
+    }
+]
diff --git a/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.parsed.json b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.parsed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..858fc9f39961a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.parsed.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[
+    {
+        "blockName": "core/table-of-contents",
+        "attrs": {},
+        "innerBlocks": [],
+        "innerHTML": "\n<nav class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#0-First-Heading\" data-level=\"2\">First Heading</a><ul><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#1-Sub-Heading\" data-level=\"3\">Sub Heading</a></li><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#2-Another-Sub-Heading\" data-level=\"3\">Another Sub Heading</a></li><li><span class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" data-level=\"3\">A Sub Heading Without Link</span></li></ul></li></ul></nav>\n",
+        "innerContent": [
+            "\n<nav class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#0-First-Heading\" data-level=\"2\">First Heading</a><ul><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#1-Sub-Heading\" data-level=\"3\">Sub Heading</a></li><li><a class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" href=\"#2-Another-Sub-Heading\" data-level=\"3\">Another Sub Heading</a></li><li><span class=\"blocks-table-of-contents-entry\" data-level=\"3\">A Sub Heading Without Link</span></li></ul></li></ul></nav>\n"
+        ]
+    }
+]
diff --git a/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.serialized.html b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.serialized.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9e7a0258eb32e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/e2e-tests/fixtures/blocks/core__table-of-contents.serialized.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<!-- wp:table-of-contents -->
+<nav class="wp-block-table-of-contents"><ul><li><a class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" href="#0-First-Heading" data-level="2">First Heading</a><ul><li><a class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" href="#1-Sub-Heading" data-level="3">Sub Heading</a></li><li><a class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" href="#2-Another-Sub-Heading" data-level="3">Another Sub Heading</a></li><li><span class="blocks-table-of-contents-entry" data-level="3">A Sub Heading Without Link</span></li></ul></li></ul></nav>
+<!-- /wp:table-of-contents -->