Asthma often involves a combination of medications, some for immediate relief (i.e. rescue medications/), and some for long-term management of inflammation (i.e. controller medications).
Common types:
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Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs): These bronchodilators provide quick relief by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways. They treat acute symptoms and are known as rescue medications. Examples: Albuterol, Levalbuterol.
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Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs): These bronchodilators provide long-term asthma control. They are often prescribed in combination with inhaled corticosteroids for individuals with persistent asthma. Examples: Salmeterol, Formoterol.
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Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS): These reduce airway inflammation. They are controller medications to prevent symptoms. Examples: Fluticasone, Budesonide, Beclomethasone.
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Oral Corticosteroids: Oral corticosteroids for short periods can control severe asthma exacerbations. Long-term use is avoided due to the risk of side effects. Examples: Prednisone, Prednisolone.
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Leukotriene Modifiers: These block the action of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory mediators. They are controller medications, especially for exercise-induced asthma or allergic rhinitis. Examples: Montelukast, Zafirlukast.
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Mast Cell Stabilizers: These prevent the release of histamine and inflammatory substances from mast cells. They are controller medications, especially for exercise-induced asthma. Examples: Cromolyn, Nedocromil.
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Monoclonal Antibodies: These are biologic medications for severe asthma that target components of the immune system. Examples: Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Dupilumab, Benralizumab.