diff --git a/.changeset/wild-lizards-crash.md b/.changeset/wild-lizards-crash.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf0b5a31a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/wild-lizards-crash.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@shopify/polaris': patch
+---
+
+Allow single value for columns. Add oneThird, oneHalf, twoThirds array options
diff --git a/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.scss b/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.scss
index 574457e78e3..0ba17109859 100644
--- a/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.scss
+++ b/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.scss
@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@
   --pc-columns-md: var(--pc-columns-sm);
   --pc-columns-lg: var(--pc-columns-md);
   --pc-columns-xl: var(--pc-columns-lg);
-  --pc-columns-space-xs: var(--p-space-4);
-  --pc-columns-space-sm: var(--pc-columns-space-xs);
-  --pc-columns-space-md: var(--pc-columns-space-sm);
-  --pc-columns-space-lg: var(--pc-columns-space-md);
-  --pc-columns-space-xl: var(--pc-columns-space-lg);
+  --pc-columns-spacing-xs: var(--p-space-4);
+  --pc-columns-spacing-sm: var(--pc-columns-spacing-xs);
+  --pc-columns-spacing-md: var(--pc-columns-spacing-sm);
+  --pc-columns-spacing-lg: var(--pc-columns-spacing-md);
+  --pc-columns-spacing-xl: var(--pc-columns-spacing-lg);
   display: grid;
-  gap: var(--pc-columns-space-xs);
+  gap: var(--pc-columns-spacing-xs);
   grid-template-columns: var(--pc-columns-xs);
 
   @media #{$p-breakpoints-sm-up} {
-    gap: var(--pc-columns-space-sm);
+    gap: var(--pc-columns-spacing-sm);
     grid-template-columns: var(--pc-columns-sm);
   }
 
   @media #{$p-breakpoints-md-up} {
-    gap: var(--pc-columns-space-md);
+    gap: var(--pc-columns-spacing-md);
     grid-template-columns: var(--pc-columns-md);
   }
 
   @media #{$p-breakpoints-lg-up} {
-    gap: var(--pc-columns-space-lg);
+    gap: var(--pc-columns-spacing-lg);
     grid-template-columns: var(--pc-columns-lg);
   }
 
   @media #{$p-breakpoints-xl-up} {
-    gap: var(--pc-columns-space-xl);
+    gap: var(--pc-columns-spacing-xl);
     grid-template-columns: var(--pc-columns-xl);
   }
 }
diff --git a/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.tsx b/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.tsx
index afe0b18db7c..d8c6a6916e3 100644
--- a/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.tsx
+++ b/polaris-react/src/components/Columns/Columns.tsx
@@ -4,13 +4,22 @@ import type {
   SpacingSpaceScale,
 } from '@shopify/polaris-tokens';
 
-import {sanitizeCustomProperties} from '../../utilities/css';
+import {
+  getResponsiveProps,
+  sanitizeCustomProperties,
+} from '../../utilities/css';
 
 import styles from './Columns.scss';
 
-type Columns = {
-  [Breakpoint in BreakpointsAlias]?: number | string;
-};
+type ColumnWidths = 'oneThird' | 'oneHalf' | 'twoThirds';
+type ColumnTypes = number | string | ColumnWidths[];
+
+type Columns =
+  | number
+  | ColumnWidths[]
+  | {
+      [Breakpoint in BreakpointsAlias]?: ColumnTypes;
+    };
 
 type Spacing = {
   [Breakpoint in BreakpointsAlias]?: SpacingSpaceScale;
@@ -31,26 +40,8 @@ export interface ColumnsProps {
 
 export function Columns({columns, children, spacing}: ColumnsProps) {
   const style = {
-    '--pc-columns-xs': formatColumns(columns?.xs || 6),
-    '--pc-columns-sm': formatColumns(columns?.sm),
-    '--pc-columns-md': formatColumns(columns?.md),
-    '--pc-columns-lg': formatColumns(columns?.lg),
-    '--pc-columns-xl': formatColumns(columns?.xl),
-    '--pc-columns-space-xs': spacing?.xs
-      ? `var(--p-space-${spacing?.xs})`
-      : undefined,
-    '--pc-columns-space-sm': spacing?.sm
-      ? `var(--p-space-${spacing?.sm})`
-      : undefined,
-    '--pc-columns-space-md': spacing?.md
-      ? `var(--p-space-${spacing?.md})`
-      : undefined,
-    '--pc-columns-space-lg': spacing?.lg
-      ? `var(--p-space-${spacing?.lg})`
-      : undefined,
-    '--pc-columns-space-xl': spacing?.xl
-      ? `var(--p-space-${spacing?.xl})`
-      : undefined,
+    ...formatColumns(columns),
+    ...getResponsiveProps('columns', 'spacing', 'space', spacing || '4'),
   } as React.CSSProperties;
 
   return (
@@ -60,10 +51,48 @@ export function Columns({columns, children, spacing}: ColumnsProps) {
   );
 }
 
-function formatColumns(columns?: number | string) {
+function formatColumns(columns?: Columns) {
+  if (typeof columns === 'number') {
+    return {
+      '--pc-columns-xs': `repeat(${columns}, minmax(0, 1fr))`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (typeof columns === 'string') {
+    return {'--pc-columns-xs': columns};
+  }
+
+  if (typeof columns === 'object' && 'xs' in columns) {
+    return {
+      '--pc-columns-xs': formatResponsiveColumns(columns?.xs || 6),
+      '--pc-columns-sm': formatResponsiveColumns(columns?.sm),
+      '--pc-columns-md': formatResponsiveColumns(columns?.md),
+      '--pc-columns-lg': formatResponsiveColumns(columns?.lg),
+      '--pc-columns-xl': formatResponsiveColumns(columns?.xl),
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(columns)) {
+    return {
+      '--pc-columns-xs': columns.map(getVerboseProperty).join(' '),
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+function formatResponsiveColumns(columns?: ColumnTypes) {
   if (!columns) return undefined;
 
+  if (Array.isArray(columns)) {
+    return columns.map(getVerboseProperty).join(' ');
+  }
+
   return typeof columns === 'number'
     ? `repeat(${columns}, minmax(0, 1fr))`
     : columns;
 }
+
+function getVerboseProperty(column: string) {
+  return column === 'oneThird' || column === 'oneHalf'
+    ? 'minmax(0, 1fr)'
+    : 'minmax(0, 2fr)';
+}