From 812a29d482469dc2370404abeb5fdadef66e56d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AutomatedTester <david.burns@theautomatedtester.co.uk>
Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 20:25:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] [javascript] Ship @seleniumhq/atoms npm package from
 TypeScript atoms
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Refactors the three TypeScript atoms (get-attribute, find-elements,
is-displayed) from IIFE closures to proper ES modules with export
default, then produces two compilation targets from the same sources:

- IIFE path (language bindings): ts_project --module commonjs →
  cjs-to-iife.js → browser-injectable (function(){…return fn;})()
  so py/rb/java/dotnet consumers are unchanged.

- npm path: ts_project --module esnext + declaration → dist/ published
  as @seleniumhq/atoms with full TypeScript type declarations.

Key changes:
* Remove outer IIFE from all three atom .ts files; add export default.
* Add cjs-to-iife.js replacing strip-trailing-semicolon.js in the
  IIFE pipeline. Strips CJS boilerplate and wraps the body in an IIFE
  that returns the exported default function.
* Update wrap-as-global scripts to parse CJS-compiled input instead of
  asserting (function () at the start.
* Switch BUILD.bazel from js_run_binary+tsc(--module none --outFile)
  to ts_project for each atom, plus a new npm_package target.
* Add tsconfig.json (esnext, declaration) and tsconfig-cjs.json for
  the two compilation paths.
* Add index.ts as the package entry point.
* Promote javascript/atoms/package.json to @seleniumhq/atoms v4.45.x.
* Add get_attribute_typescript and find-elements-typescript CJS module
  targets to selenium-webdriver/lib/atoms/BUILD.bazel.

All 25 Python unit tests pass; //javascript/atoms:closure-test passes.
---
 javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel                  | 170 ++++++++----------
 .../strip-trailing-semicolon.js => index.ts}  |  14 +-
 javascript/atoms/package.json                 |  41 ++++-
 javascript/atoms/tsconfig.json                |  13 ++
 javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.js    |  71 ++++++++
 javascript/atoms/typescript/find-elements.ts  |   6 +-
 javascript/atoms/typescript/get-attribute.ts  |  16 +-
 javascript/atoms/typescript/is-displayed.ts   |   6 +-
 javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json |   9 +
 javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.js |  35 +++-
 .../wrap-find-elements-as-global.js           |  32 +++-
 .../wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js           |  35 +++-
 12 files changed, 312 insertions(+), 136 deletions(-)
 rename javascript/atoms/{typescript/strip-trailing-semicolon.js => index.ts} (71%)
 create mode 100644 javascript/atoms/tsconfig.json
 create mode 100644 javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.js
 create mode 100644 javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json

diff --git a/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel b/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
index 19db8e3fe08c7..094e573bb8263 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 load("@aspect_rules_js//js:defs.bzl", "js_binary", "js_run_binary")
+load("@aspect_rules_js//npm:defs.bzl", "npm_package")
+load("@aspect_rules_ts//ts:defs.bzl", "ts_project")
 load("@rules_closure//closure:defs.bzl", "closure_js_library")
 load("//javascript:defs.bzl", "closure_js_deps", "closure_test_suite")
 
 package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
 
 js_binary(
-    name = "strip_trailing_semicolon",
-    data = ["typescript/strip-trailing-semicolon.js"],
-    entry_point = "typescript/strip-trailing-semicolon.js",
+    name = "cjs_to_iife",
+    data = ["typescript/cjs-to-iife.js"],
+    entry_point = "typescript/cjs-to-iife.js",
 )
 
 js_binary(
@@ -16,159 +18,143 @@ js_binary(
     entry_point = "typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js",
 )
 
-js_run_binary(
+js_binary(
+    name = "wrap_as_global",
+    data = ["typescript/wrap-as-global.js"],
+    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-as-global.js",
+)
+
+js_binary(
+    name = "wrap_find_elements_as_global",
+    data = ["typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js"],
+    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js",
+)
+
+# ── get-attribute ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ts_project(
     name = "get-attribute-typescript-compiled",
     srcs = ["typescript/get-attribute.ts"],
-    outs = ["typescript/get-attribute.compiled.js"],
-    args = [
-        "--target",
-        "ES2017",
-        "--module",
-        "none",
-        "--moduleResolution",
-        "node",
-        # These atoms are self-contained and import nothing; pin typeRoots to the (type-free)
-        # source dir so unrelated ambient @types packages in node_modules cannot break the build.
-        "--typeRoots",
-        "javascript/atoms/typescript",
-        "--removeComments",
-        "--pretty",
-        "false",
-        "--outFile",
-        "$(rootpath :typescript/get-attribute.compiled.js)",
-        "$(rootpath :typescript/get-attribute.ts)",
-    ],
-    tool = "@npm_typescript//:tsc",
+    declaration = False,
+    source_map = False,
+    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
     name = "get-attribute-typescript-generated",
-    srcs = [":get-attribute-typescript-compiled"],
+    srcs = [":typescript/get-attribute.js"],
     outs = ["typescript/get-attribute.generated.js"],
     args = [
-        "$(rootpath :get-attribute-typescript-compiled)",
+        "$(rootpath :typescript/get-attribute.js)",
         "$(rootpath :typescript/get-attribute.generated.js)",
     ],
-    tool = ":strip_trailing_semicolon",
+    tool = ":cjs_to_iife",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
     name = "get-attribute-global",
-    srcs = [":get-attribute-typescript-compiled"],
+    srcs = [":typescript/get-attribute.js"],
     outs = ["typescript/get-attribute-global.js"],
     args = [
-        "$(rootpath :get-attribute-typescript-compiled)",
+        "$(rootpath :typescript/get-attribute.js)",
         "$(rootpath :typescript/get-attribute-global.js)",
     ],
     tool = ":wrap_get_attribute_as_global",
 )
 
-js_binary(
-    name = "wrap_as_global",
-    data = ["typescript/wrap-as-global.js"],
-    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-as-global.js",
-)
-
-js_binary(
-    name = "wrap_find_elements_as_global",
-    data = ["typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js"],
-    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js",
-)
+# ── find-elements ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-js_run_binary(
+ts_project(
     name = "find-elements-typescript-compiled",
     srcs = ["typescript/find-elements.ts"],
-    outs = ["typescript/find-elements.compiled.js"],
-    args = [
-        "--target",
-        "ES2017",
-        "--module",
-        "none",
-        "--moduleResolution",
-        "node",
-        # These atoms are self-contained and import nothing; pin typeRoots to the (type-free)
-        # source dir so unrelated ambient @types packages in node_modules cannot break the build.
-        "--typeRoots",
-        "javascript/atoms/typescript",
-        "--removeComments",
-        "--pretty",
-        "false",
-        "--outFile",
-        "$(rootpath :typescript/find-elements.compiled.js)",
-        "$(rootpath :typescript/find-elements.ts)",
-    ],
-    tool = "@npm_typescript//:tsc",
+    declaration = False,
+    source_map = False,
+    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
     name = "find-elements-typescript-generated",
-    srcs = [":find-elements-typescript-compiled"],
+    srcs = [":typescript/find-elements.js"],
     outs = ["typescript/find-elements.generated.js"],
     args = [
-        "$(rootpath :find-elements-typescript-compiled)",
+        "$(rootpath :typescript/find-elements.js)",
         "$(rootpath :typescript/find-elements.generated.js)",
     ],
-    tool = ":strip_trailing_semicolon",
+    tool = ":cjs_to_iife",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
     name = "find-elements-global",
-    srcs = [":find-elements-typescript-compiled"],
+    srcs = [":typescript/find-elements.js"],
     outs = ["typescript/find-elements-global.js"],
     args = [
-        "$(rootpath :find-elements-typescript-compiled)",
+        "$(rootpath :typescript/find-elements.js)",
         "$(rootpath :typescript/find-elements-global.js)",
     ],
     tool = ":wrap_find_elements_as_global",
 )
 
-js_run_binary(
+# ── is-displayed ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ts_project(
     name = "is-displayed-typescript-compiled",
     srcs = ["typescript/is-displayed.ts"],
-    outs = ["typescript/is-displayed.compiled.js"],
-    args = [
-        "--target",
-        "ES2017",
-        "--module",
-        "none",
-        "--moduleResolution",
-        "node",
-        # These atoms are self-contained and import nothing; pin typeRoots to the (type-free)
-        # source dir so unrelated ambient @types packages in node_modules cannot break the build.
-        "--typeRoots",
-        "javascript/atoms/typescript",
-        "--removeComments",
-        "--pretty",
-        "false",
-        "--outFile",
-        "$(rootpath :typescript/is-displayed.compiled.js)",
-        "$(rootpath typescript/is-displayed.ts)",
-    ],
-    tool = "@npm_typescript//:tsc",
+    declaration = False,
+    source_map = False,
+    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
     name = "is-displayed-typescript-generated",
-    srcs = [":is-displayed-typescript-compiled"],
+    srcs = [":typescript/is-displayed.js"],
     outs = ["typescript/is-displayed.generated.js"],
     args = [
-        "$(rootpath :is-displayed-typescript-compiled)",
+        "$(rootpath :typescript/is-displayed.js)",
         "$(rootpath :typescript/is-displayed.generated.js)",
     ],
-    tool = ":strip_trailing_semicolon",
+    tool = ":cjs_to_iife",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
     name = "is-displayed-global",
-    srcs = [":is-displayed-typescript-compiled"],
+    srcs = [":typescript/is-displayed.js"],
     outs = ["typescript/is-displayed-global.js"],
     args = [
-        "$(rootpath :is-displayed-typescript-compiled)",
+        "$(rootpath :typescript/is-displayed.js)",
         "$(rootpath :typescript/is-displayed-global.js)",
     ],
     tool = ":wrap_as_global",
 )
 
+# ── @seleniumhq/atoms npm package ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ts_project(
+    name = "atoms-npm-compiled",
+    srcs = [
+        "index.ts",
+        "typescript/find-elements.ts",
+        "typescript/get-attribute.ts",
+        "typescript/is-displayed.ts",
+    ],
+    declaration = True,
+    declaration_map = True,
+    out_dir = "dist",
+    source_map = True,
+    tsconfig = "tsconfig.json",
+)
+
+npm_package(
+    name = "selenium-atoms-package",
+    srcs = [
+        "package.json",
+        ":atoms-npm-compiled",
+    ],
+    package = "@seleniumhq/atoms",
+    publishable = True,
+    tags = ["release-artifact"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
 filegroup(
     name = "atoms",
     srcs = glob([
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/strip-trailing-semicolon.js b/javascript/atoms/index.ts
similarity index 71%
rename from javascript/atoms/typescript/strip-trailing-semicolon.js
rename to javascript/atoms/index.ts
index 249b06b4ef074..c0c2f011726c8 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/strip-trailing-semicolon.js
+++ b/javascript/atoms/index.ts
@@ -15,14 +15,6 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-const fs = require('node:fs');
-
-const [inputPath, outputPath] = process.argv.slice(2);
-
-if (!inputPath || !outputPath) {
-  throw new Error('Expected input and output file paths');
-}
-
-const input = fs.readFileSync(inputPath, 'utf8');
-const output = input.replace(/;\s*$/, '');
-fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, output);
+export { default as getAttribute } from './typescript/get-attribute'
+export { default as findElements } from './typescript/find-elements'
+export { default as isDisplayed } from './typescript/is-displayed'
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/package.json b/javascript/atoms/package.json
index b7f7d7dcbea01..908271bb5d31c 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/package.json
+++ b/javascript/atoms/package.json
@@ -1,13 +1,42 @@
 {
-  "name": "selenium-atoms",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
-  "private": true,
-  "description": "Build tools for Selenium Browser Automation Atoms",
-  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "name": "@seleniumhq/atoms",
+  "version": "4.45.0-nightly202605121853",
+  "description": "Browser injection atoms for Selenium WebDriver",
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "module": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "import": "./dist/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+    },
+    "./get-attribute": {
+      "import": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.js",
+      "require": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.cjs",
+      "types": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.d.ts"
+    },
+    "./find-elements": {
+      "import": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.js",
+      "require": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.cjs",
+      "types": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.d.ts"
+    },
+    "./is-displayed": {
+      "import": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.js",
+      "require": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.cjs",
+      "types": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.d.ts"
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "dist/"
+  ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
-    "url": "https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium.git"
+    "url": "https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium.git",
+    "directory": "javascript/atoms"
   },
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "devDependencies": {
     "google-closure-deps": "^20230802.0.0"
   }
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/tsconfig.json b/javascript/atoms/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fef482b502866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/javascript/atoms/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2017",
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "moduleResolution": "node",
+    "declaration": true,
+    "declarationMap": true,
+    "sourceMap": true,
+    "outDir": "dist",
+    "strict": false
+  },
+  "include": ["index.ts", "typescript/*.ts"]
+}
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eecab18806596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// Converts a CommonJS-compiled TypeScript atom into a browser-injectable IIFE.
+//
+// TypeScript --module commonjs emits a header consisting of:
+//   "use strict";
+//   Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+// and a footer of the form:
+//   exports.default = <functionName>;
+//
+// This script strips those module-system lines, then wraps the remaining body
+// in an IIFE that returns the exported default function, producing the same
+// browser-injectable format previously generated by --module none.
+
+const fs = require('node:fs')
+
+const [inputPath, outputPath] = process.argv.slice(2)
+
+if (!inputPath || !outputPath) {
+  throw new Error('Expected input and output file paths')
+}
+
+const input = fs.readFileSync(inputPath, 'utf8')
+const lines = input.split('\n')
+
+// Strip known CJS boilerplate lines.
+const stripped = lines.filter(line => {
+  if (line.trim() === '"use strict";') return false
+  if (line.startsWith('Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule"')) return false
+  return true
+})
+
+// Find and remove the `exports.default = <name>;` line, capturing the name.
+let exportedName = null
+const body = stripped.filter(line => {
+  const match = line.match(/^exports\.default\s*=\s*(\w+)\s*;?\s*$/)
+  if (match) {
+    exportedName = match[1]
+    return false
+  }
+  return true
+})
+
+if (!exportedName) {
+  throw new Error(
+    `Could not find 'exports.default = <name>' in: ${inputPath}\n` +
+    `Last 3 lines:\n${lines.slice(-3).join('\n')}`
+  )
+}
+
+// Remove leading/trailing blank lines from the body so the IIFE is compact.
+while (body.length && body[0].trim() === '') body.shift()
+while (body.length && body[body.length - 1].trim() === '') body.pop()
+
+const output = `(function () {\n${body.join('\n')}\n  return ${exportedName};\n})()`
+fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, output)
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/find-elements.ts b/javascript/atoms/typescript/find-elements.ts
index 3f55ac8065b24..c54e87f3a9530 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/find-elements.ts
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/find-elements.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-(function findElements(target: Record<string, unknown>, root?: Document | Element | ShadowRoot): Element[] {
+function findElements(target: Record<string, unknown>, root?: Document | Element | ShadowRoot): Element[] {
   type LocatorTarget = Record<string, unknown>
   type Root = Document | Element | ShadowRoot
   type Rect = { left: number; top: number; width: number; height: number }
@@ -338,4 +338,6 @@
     default:
       throw botError(INVALID_ARGUMENT, 'Unsupported locator strategy: ' + key)
   }
-})
+}
+
+export default findElements;
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/get-attribute.ts b/javascript/atoms/typescript/get-attribute.ts
index 9af14941c8533..c8187017815d4 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/get-attribute.ts
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/get-attribute.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,17 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-(function (element: Element, attribute: string): string | null {
+/**
+ * Get the value of the given property or attribute. If the "attribute" is for
+ * a boolean property, we return null in the case where the value is false. If
+ * the attribute name is "style" an attempt to convert that style into a string
+ * is done.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to use.
+ * @param attribute The name of the attribute to look up.
+ * @return The string value of the attribute or property, or null.
+ */
+function get(element: Element, attribute: string): string | null {
   const PROPERTY_ALIASES: Record<string, string> = {
     'class': 'className',
     'readonly': 'readOnly',
@@ -184,4 +194,6 @@
   }
 
   return property != null ? String(property) : null;
-})
+}
+
+export default get;
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/is-displayed.ts b/javascript/atoms/typescript/is-displayed.ts
index 8510baf82c201..05a0d22949558 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/is-displayed.ts
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/is-displayed.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ interface Coordinate {
   y: number;
 }
 
-(function isShownElement(elem: Element, optIgnoreOpacity?: boolean): boolean {
+function isShownElement(elem: Element, optIgnoreOpacity?: boolean): boolean {
   // Guards against form children that shadow tagName (e.g. <form><input name="tagName">).
   var tagNameDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Element.prototype, 'tagName');
 
@@ -510,4 +510,6 @@ interface Coordinate {
   }
 
   return isShownInternal(elem, !!optIgnoreOpacity, displayed);
-})
+}
+
+export default isShownElement;
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..78cae9f3af1af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2017",
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "removeComments": true,
+    "pretty": false,
+    "strict": false
+  }
+}
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.js
index d338283512e24..901d1367d7080 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.js
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.js
@@ -53,14 +53,33 @@ window.bot.dom.typescript.isShown = `;
 
 const input = fs.readFileSync(inputPath, 'utf8');
 
-// The compiled TypeScript output begins with "(function isShownElement(". Prepend the
-// browser-global assignment so the atom is accessible as
-// window.bot.dom.typescript.isShown in test pages.
-if (!input.trimStart().startsWith('(function ')) {
-  throw new Error(
-    `Unexpected compiled output format. Expected it to start with "(function ", got: ${input.slice(0, 80)}`
-  );
+// The compiled TypeScript output is CommonJS. Strip the module-system boilerplate,
+// extract the exported default function name, and wrap the body in an IIFE so the
+// atom is accessible as window.bot.dom.typescript.isShown in test pages.
+const lines = input.split('\n');
+const stripped = lines.filter(line => {
+  if (line.trim() === '"use strict";') return false;
+  if (line.startsWith('Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule"')) return false;
+  return true;
+});
+
+let exportedName = null;
+const body = stripped.filter(line => {
+  const match = line.match(/^exports\.default\s*=\s*(\w+)\s*;?\s*$/);
+  if (match) {
+    exportedName = match[1];
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+});
+
+if (!exportedName) {
+  throw new Error(`Could not find 'exports.default = <name>' in: ${inputPath}`);
 }
 
-const output = licenseHeader + preamble + input.trimStart();
+while (body.length && body[0].trim() === '') body.shift();
+while (body.length && body[body.length - 1].trim() === '') body.pop();
+
+const iife = `(function () {\n${body.join('\n')}\n  return ${exportedName};\n})()`;
+const output = licenseHeader + preamble + iife;
 fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, output);
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js
index b5b89ff6b597f..f0599837ead4e 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js
@@ -52,11 +52,33 @@ window.bot.locators.typescript.findElements = `
 
 const input = fs.readFileSync(inputPath, 'utf8')
 
-if (!input.trimStart().startsWith('(function ')) {
-  throw new Error(
-    `Unexpected compiled output format. Expected it to start with "(function ", got: ${input.slice(0, 80)}`,
-  )
+// The compiled TypeScript output is CommonJS. Strip the module-system boilerplate,
+// extract the exported default function name, and wrap the body in an IIFE so the
+// atom is accessible as window.bot.locators.typescript.findElements in test pages.
+const lines = input.split('\n')
+const stripped = lines.filter(line => {
+  if (line.trim() === '"use strict";') return false
+  if (line.startsWith('Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule"')) return false
+  return true
+})
+
+let exportedName = null
+const body = stripped.filter(line => {
+  const match = line.match(/^exports\.default\s*=\s*(\w+)\s*;?\s*$/)
+  if (match) {
+    exportedName = match[1]
+    return false
+  }
+  return true
+})
+
+if (!exportedName) {
+  throw new Error(`Could not find 'exports.default = <name>' in: ${inputPath}`)
 }
 
-const output = licenseHeader + preamble + input.trimStart()
+while (body.length && body[0].trim() === '') body.shift()
+while (body.length && body[body.length - 1].trim() === '') body.pop()
+
+const iife = `(function () {\n${body.join('\n')}\n  return ${exportedName};\n})()`
+const output = licenseHeader + preamble + iife
 fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, output)
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js
index f988a7b0ce0c7..18015eb228ceb 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js
@@ -52,14 +52,33 @@ window.bot.dom.typescript.getAttribute = `;
 
 const input = fs.readFileSync(inputPath, 'utf8');
 
-// The compiled TypeScript output begins with "(function (". Prepend the
-// browser-global assignment so the atom is accessible as
-// window.bot.dom.typescript.getAttribute in test pages.
-if (!input.trimStart().startsWith('(function (')) {
-  throw new Error(
-    `Unexpected compiled output format. Expected it to start with "(function (", got: ${input.slice(0, 80)}`
-  );
+// The compiled TypeScript output is CommonJS. Strip the module-system boilerplate,
+// extract the exported default function name, and wrap the body in an IIFE so the
+// atom is accessible as window.bot.dom.typescript.getAttribute in test pages.
+const lines = input.split('\n');
+const stripped = lines.filter(line => {
+  if (line.trim() === '"use strict";') return false;
+  if (line.startsWith('Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule"')) return false;
+  return true;
+});
+
+let exportedName = null;
+const body = stripped.filter(line => {
+  const match = line.match(/^exports\.default\s*=\s*(\w+)\s*;?\s*$/);
+  if (match) {
+    exportedName = match[1];
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+});
+
+if (!exportedName) {
+  throw new Error(`Could not find 'exports.default = <name>' in: ${inputPath}`);
 }
 
-const output = licenseHeader + preamble + input.trimStart();
+while (body.length && body[0].trim() === '') body.shift();
+while (body.length && body[body.length - 1].trim() === '') body.pop();
+
+const iife = `(function () {\n${body.join('\n')}\n  return ${exportedName};\n})()`;
+const output = licenseHeader + preamble + iife;
 fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, output);

From 8146e8dae1092f79ca28bd62fd5dd29355d7498d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AutomatedTester <david.burns@theautomatedtester.co.uk>
Date: Fri, 15 May 2026 09:29:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] [javascript] Fix Windows EPERM crash from shared tsconfig
 across ts_project targets

When multiple ts_project targets share a single tsconfig with no files/include
restriction, tsc compiles all .ts files for each target. On Windows, Bazel marks
outputs read-only after the first action completes; parallel actions then fail
with TS5033 EPERM trying to overwrite the same files.

Give each per-atom ts_project its own tsconfig that lists only the one .ts file
it is responsible for, eliminating the cross-target output collision.
---
 javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel                           |  6 +++---
 .../atoms/typescript/tsconfig-find-elements.json       | 10 ++++++++++
 .../atoms/typescript/tsconfig-get-attribute.json       | 10 ++++++++++
 .../{tsconfig-cjs.json => tsconfig-is-displayed.json}  |  3 ++-
 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-find-elements.json
 create mode 100644 javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-get-attribute.json
 rename javascript/atoms/typescript/{tsconfig-cjs.json => tsconfig-is-displayed.json} (80%)

diff --git a/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel b/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
index 094e573bb8263..eb64c0b1c3080 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ts_project(
     srcs = ["typescript/get-attribute.ts"],
     declaration = False,
     source_map = False,
-    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json",
+    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-get-attribute.json",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ ts_project(
     srcs = ["typescript/find-elements.ts"],
     declaration = False,
     source_map = False,
-    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json",
+    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-find-elements.json",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ ts_project(
     srcs = ["typescript/is-displayed.ts"],
     declaration = False,
     source_map = False,
-    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json",
+    tsconfig = "typescript/tsconfig-is-displayed.json",
 )
 
 js_run_binary(
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-find-elements.json b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-find-elements.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6e1c5fc9fe8aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-find-elements.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2017",
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "removeComments": true,
+    "pretty": false,
+    "strict": false
+  },
+  "files": ["find-elements.ts"]
+}
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-get-attribute.json b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-get-attribute.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..34a85b2f937c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-get-attribute.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2017",
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "removeComments": true,
+    "pretty": false,
+    "strict": false
+  },
+  "files": ["get-attribute.ts"]
+}
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-is-displayed.json
similarity index 80%
rename from javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json
rename to javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-is-displayed.json
index 78cae9f3af1af..a1d1e6b8c6143 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-cjs.json
+++ b/javascript/atoms/typescript/tsconfig-is-displayed.json
@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@
     "removeComments": true,
     "pretty": false,
     "strict": false
-  }
+  },
+  "files": ["is-displayed.ts"]
 }

From d32a44c90233a62da50b7726344d47fa5e9c0736 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AutomatedTester <david.burns@theautomatedtester.co.uk>
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 2026 19:13:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] [javascript] Make @seleniumhq/atoms installable and
 resolvable

The npm artifact was declared but not consumable. Addresses the
integration review on #17459:

- Drop the `require` conditions and `main` pointing at `dist/*.cjs`;
  no CJS compilation exists on the branch, so every `require` entry
  resolved to a file that is never built. Ship ESM-only and declare
  `engines.node >= 22.12.0`, where Node's `require(esm)` covers
  CommonJS consumers.
- Add `index.ts` extension specifiers. Extensionless specifiers are
  emitted verbatim under `module: esnext`, so `import('@seleniumhq/atoms')`
  failed with ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND for every consumer.
- Ship LICENSE/NOTICE, as Apache-2.0 4(a) requires.
- Put `types` first in each `exports` entry; condition order is
  significant and resolvers take the first match.
- Publish the `.ts` sources so the emitted `.d.ts.map` / `.js.map`
  resolve instead of pointing outside the tarball.
- Drive the version from `node:version` rather than a hardcoded value
  six minors behind trunk.
- Rename the four CommonJS build tools to `.cjs` so they no longer
  depend on `"type": "module"` not reaching them via runfiles staging.
- Add a consumer-facing `README.npm.md`, renamed to README.md on
  packaging so the contributor README stays in place.
- Drop the `google-closure-deps` devDependency left over from when this
  manifest was the private selenium-atoms build-tools package.

Verified by packing the built directory and installing it: both
`require` and `import` resolve, all four export paths resolve under
node10/node16/bundler per @arethetypeswrong/cli, and the IIFE path for
the language bindings is unchanged.
---
 javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel                  | 44 ++++++++++---
 javascript/atoms/README.md                    |  6 ++
 javascript/atoms/README.npm.md                | 65 +++++++++++++++++++
 javascript/atoms/index.ts                     |  9 ++-
 javascript/atoms/package.json                 | 46 +++++++------
 .../{cjs-to-iife.js => cjs-to-iife.cjs}       |  0
 .../{wrap-as-global.js => wrap-as-global.cjs} |  0
 ...al.js => wrap-find-elements-as-global.cjs} |  0
 ...al.js => wrap-get-attribute-as-global.cjs} |  0
 rake_tasks/node.rake                          |  7 +-
 10 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 javascript/atoms/README.npm.md
 rename javascript/atoms/typescript/{cjs-to-iife.js => cjs-to-iife.cjs} (100%)
 rename javascript/atoms/typescript/{wrap-as-global.js => wrap-as-global.cjs} (100%)
 rename javascript/atoms/typescript/{wrap-find-elements-as-global.js => wrap-find-elements-as-global.cjs} (100%)
 rename javascript/atoms/typescript/{wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js => wrap-get-attribute-as-global.cjs} (100%)

diff --git a/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel b/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
index eb64c0b1c3080..194135e7ab114 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
@@ -6,28 +6,33 @@ load("//javascript:defs.bzl", "closure_js_deps", "closure_test_suite")
 
 package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
 
+VERSION = "4.51.0-nightly202609302012"
+
+# These build tools are CommonJS; the .cjs extension keeps that true regardless
+# of the "type": "module" declared by the @seleniumhq/atoms package.json above
+# them in this directory.
 js_binary(
     name = "cjs_to_iife",
-    data = ["typescript/cjs-to-iife.js"],
-    entry_point = "typescript/cjs-to-iife.js",
+    data = ["typescript/cjs-to-iife.cjs"],
+    entry_point = "typescript/cjs-to-iife.cjs",
 )
 
 js_binary(
     name = "wrap_get_attribute_as_global",
-    data = ["typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js"],
-    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js",
+    data = ["typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.cjs"],
+    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.cjs",
 )
 
 js_binary(
     name = "wrap_as_global",
-    data = ["typescript/wrap-as-global.js"],
-    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-as-global.js",
+    data = ["typescript/wrap-as-global.cjs"],
+    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-as-global.cjs",
 )
 
 js_binary(
     name = "wrap_find_elements_as_global",
-    data = ["typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js"],
-    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js",
+    data = ["typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.cjs"],
+    entry_point = "typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.cjs",
 )
 
 # ── get-attribute ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -143,21 +148,44 @@ ts_project(
     tsconfig = "tsconfig.json",
 )
 
+# npm_package does not pick up filegroup sources.
+genrule(
+    name = "license",
+    srcs = ["//:license"],
+    outs = [
+        "LICENSE",
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+    cmd = "cp $(locations //:license) $(@D)",
+)
+
 npm_package(
     name = "selenium-atoms-package",
     srcs = [
+        # README.md in this directory is the contributor guide; the npm page
+        # gets its own file, renamed into place below.
+        "README.npm.md",
+        # Published so the emitted .d.ts.map / .js.map resolve for consumers.
+        "index.ts",
         "package.json",
+        "typescript/find-elements.ts",
+        "typescript/get-attribute.ts",
+        "typescript/is-displayed.ts",
         ":atoms-npm-compiled",
+        ":license",
     ],
     package = "@seleniumhq/atoms",
     publishable = True,
+    replace_prefixes = {"README.npm.md": "README.md"},
     tags = ["release-artifact"],
+    version = VERSION,
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
 
 filegroup(
     name = "atoms",
     srcs = glob([
+        "**/*.cjs",
         "**/*.html",
         "**/*.jpg",
         "**/*.js",
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/README.md b/javascript/atoms/README.md
index 9c646a2a5ad08..8a2121b699114 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/README.md
+++ b/javascript/atoms/README.md
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ These "atoms" provide reusable building blocks for browser automation
 Google Closure Compiler, but at some point, we'd love to migrate them
 to TypeScript since Closure isn't as widely known.
 
+The atoms that have already been migrated to TypeScript are additionally
+published to npm as `@seleniumhq/atoms`, for tooling outside the Selenium
+bindings that needs to match Selenium's behaviour. `README.npm.md` is the
+consumer-facing documentation for that package; this file is for contributors
+working on the atoms themselves.
+
 ## Testing the Atoms
 
 ### Iteratively
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/README.npm.md b/javascript/atoms/README.npm.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ffe2c9812ca92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/javascript/atoms/README.npm.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# @seleniumhq/atoms
+
+Browser injection atoms for Selenium WebDriver, published as TypeScript-typed
+ES modules.
+
+Atoms are small, self-contained functions that run inside the page under
+automation. They encode the browser-compatibility behaviour that the W3C
+WebDriver specification leaves to implementations — what "displayed" means, how
+`getAttribute` reconciles attributes with IDL properties, and how a locator
+resolves to elements. Selenium's own language bindings inject the same logic,
+compiled to an IIFE; this package exposes it to other JavaScript tooling that
+needs to match Selenium's behaviour exactly.
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+npm install @seleniumhq/atoms
+```
+
+This is an ES-module-only package and requires Node.js 18 or newer.
+
+## Usage
+
+```js
+import { getAttribute, findElements, isDisplayed } from '@seleniumhq/atoms'
+```
+
+Each atom is also available as its own subpath export, so a bundler can tree
+shake down to just the one you need:
+
+```js
+import getAttribute from '@seleniumhq/atoms/get-attribute'
+import findElements from '@seleniumhq/atoms/find-elements'
+import isDisplayed from '@seleniumhq/atoms/is-displayed'
+```
+
+### API
+
+```ts
+getAttribute(element: Element, attribute: string): string | null
+findElements(target: Record<string, unknown>, root?: Document | Element | ShadowRoot): Element[]
+isDisplayed(element: Element, ignoreOpacity?: boolean): boolean
+```
+
+`findElements` takes a locator object keyed by strategy, matching the WebDriver
+wire format:
+
+```js
+findElements({ css: '.result' })
+findElements({ 'link text': 'Continue' }, shadowRoot)
+```
+
+The atoms operate on the DOM of the document they are evaluated in, so they must
+run in the page rather than in the driver process — for example via
+`Runtime.evaluate` over CDP, `script.callFunction` over WebDriver BiDi, or
+Selenium's own `executeScript`.
+
+## Versioning
+
+This package is released from the Selenium monorepo and shares its version with
+the `selenium-webdriver` npm package.
+
+## License
+
+Apache-2.0. See `LICENSE` and `NOTICE`.
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/index.ts b/javascript/atoms/index.ts
index c0c2f011726c8..1d65b61624191 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/index.ts
+++ b/javascript/atoms/index.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-export { default as getAttribute } from './typescript/get-attribute'
-export { default as findElements } from './typescript/find-elements'
-export { default as isDisplayed } from './typescript/is-displayed'
+// Specifiers carry the emitted .js extension because Node's ESM resolver does
+// not probe for extensions. "module": "esnext" rewrites nothing, so what is
+// written here is what consumers resolve against.
+export { default as getAttribute } from './typescript/get-attribute.js'
+export { default as findElements } from './typescript/find-elements.js'
+export { default as isDisplayed } from './typescript/is-displayed.js'
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/package.json b/javascript/atoms/package.json
index 908271bb5d31c..2794814b10972 100644
--- a/javascript/atoms/package.json
+++ b/javascript/atoms/package.json
@@ -1,43 +1,51 @@
 {
   "name": "@seleniumhq/atoms",
-  "version": "4.45.0-nightly202605121853",
+  "version": "4.51.0-nightly202609302012",
   "description": "Browser injection atoms for Selenium WebDriver",
   "type": "module",
-  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
   "module": "./dist/index.js",
   "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
   "exports": {
     ".": {
-      "import": "./dist/index.js",
-      "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
-      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+      "default": "./dist/index.js"
     },
     "./get-attribute": {
-      "import": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.js",
-      "require": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.cjs",
-      "types": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.d.ts"
+      "types": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.d.ts",
+      "default": "./dist/typescript/get-attribute.js"
     },
     "./find-elements": {
-      "import": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.js",
-      "require": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.cjs",
-      "types": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.d.ts"
+      "types": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.d.ts",
+      "default": "./dist/typescript/find-elements.js"
     },
     "./is-displayed": {
-      "import": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.js",
-      "require": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.cjs",
-      "types": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.d.ts"
+      "types": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.d.ts",
+      "default": "./dist/typescript/is-displayed.js"
     }
   },
+  "typesVersions": {
+    "*": {
+      "get-attribute": ["./dist/typescript/get-attribute.d.ts"],
+      "find-elements": ["./dist/typescript/find-elements.d.ts"],
+      "is-displayed": ["./dist/typescript/is-displayed.d.ts"]
+    }
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 22.12.0"
+  },
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "index.ts",
+    "typescript/",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "NOTICE",
+    "README.md"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
     "url": "https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium.git",
     "directory": "javascript/atoms"
   },
-  "license": "Apache-2.0",
-  "devDependencies": {
-    "google-closure-deps": "^20230802.0.0"
-  }
+  "license": "Apache-2.0"
 }
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.js
rename to javascript/atoms/typescript/cjs-to-iife.cjs
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.js
rename to javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-as-global.cjs
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.js
rename to javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-find-elements-as-global.cjs
diff --git a/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js b/javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.cjs
similarity index 100%
rename from javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.js
rename to javascript/atoms/typescript/wrap-get-attribute-as-global.cjs
diff --git a/rake_tasks/node.rake b/rake_tasks/node.rake
index 975e2aff07c8e..57327b1beb806 100644
--- a/rake_tasks/node.rake
+++ b/rake_tasks/node.rake
@@ -160,7 +160,12 @@ task :version, [:version] do |_task, arguments|
   new_version = SeleniumRake.updated_version(old_version, arguments[:version], nightly)
   puts "Updating Node from #{old_version} to #{new_version}"
 
-  %w[javascript/selenium-webdriver/package.json javascript/selenium-webdriver/BUILD.bazel].each do |file|
+  %w[
+    javascript/selenium-webdriver/package.json
+    javascript/selenium-webdriver/BUILD.bazel
+    javascript/atoms/package.json
+    javascript/atoms/BUILD.bazel
+  ].each do |file|
     text = File.read(file).gsub(old_version, new_version)
     File.open(file, 'w') { |f| f.puts text }
   end