From 850a1b146b64ea29aa5ea3e9ebf5baf14913f515 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2026 17:02:04 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 01/17] implement fast bazel target lookup

---
 .github/workflows/bazel.yml                   |  12 ++
 .github/workflows/ci.yml                      | 112 ++++++++------
 rake_tasks/bazel.rake                         | 139 +++++++++++++++++-
 scripts/github-actions/check-bazel-targets.sh | 108 --------------
 4 files changed, 219 insertions(+), 152 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100755 scripts/github-actions/check-bazel-targets.sh

diff --git a/.github/workflows/bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
index e81a6161e8c92..b3975bb2e4a65 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ on:
         required: false
         type: number
         default: 1
+      cache-name:
+        description: Name for cache restore (restores {name}.gz with key {name}-)
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: ''
 
 jobs:
   bazel:
@@ -100,6 +105,13 @@ jobs:
         run: git pull origin "$GIT_REF"
         env:
           GIT_REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+      - name: Restore cache
+        if: inputs.cache-name != ''
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ inputs.cache-name }}.gz
+          key: ${{ inputs.cache-name }}-
+          restore-keys: ${{ inputs.cache-name }}-
       - name: Free space
         if: inputs.os != 'windows'
         run: ./scripts/github-actions/free-disk-space.sh
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 12b316a36c447..2fac1be26880c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -26,22 +26,40 @@ jobs:
   check:
     name: Check Targets
     if: >
+      github.event_name != 'schedule' &&
       github.event.repository.fork == false &&
         (startsWith(github.head_ref, 'renovate/') != true || github.event_name == 'workflow_call')
     uses: ./.github/workflows/bazel.yml
     with:
       name: Check Targets
-      run: COMMIT_RANGE="${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before }}...${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}" ./scripts/github-actions/check-bazel-targets.sh
+      cache-name: bazel-test-target-index
       fetch-depth: 50
+      run: |
+        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
+          echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
+        else
+          if [ -f bazel-test-target-index.gz ]; then
+            mkdir -p build
+            gunzip -c bazel-test-target-index.gz > build/bazel-test-target-index.json
+            echo "Restored cached index"
+          fi
+          ./go bazel:affected_targets "${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before }}..HEAD"
+        fi
       artifact-name: check-targets
       artifact-path: bazel-targets.txt
 
   read-targets:
     name: Read Targets
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && needs.check.result == 'success' }}
     needs: check
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       targets: ${{ steps.read.outputs.targets }}
+      java: ${{ steps.read.outputs.java }}
+      py: ${{ steps.read.outputs.py }}
+      rb: ${{ steps.read.outputs.rb }}
+      dotnet: ${{ steps.read.outputs.dotnet }}
+      rust: ${{ steps.read.outputs.rust }}
     steps:
       - name: Download targets
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
@@ -50,63 +68,73 @@ jobs:
       - name: Read targets
         id: read
         run: |
-          if [ -s bazel-targets.txt ]; then
-            {
-              echo "targets<<EOF"
-              cat bazel-targets.txt
-              echo "EOF"
-            } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-            echo "targets=" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
-
+          targets=$(cat bazel-targets.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "")
+          check_binding() {
+            local pattern=$1 tag=$2
+            if [[ "$targets" == *"$pattern"* ]] || [[ "$COMMIT_MESSAGES" == *"[$tag]"* ]] || [[ "$PR_TITLE" == *"[$tag]"* ]]; then
+              echo "$tag=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          }
+          check_binding "//java/" "java"
+          check_binding "//py/" "py"
+          check_binding "//rb/" "rb"
+          check_binding "//dotnet/" "dotnet"
+          check_binding "//rust/" "rust"
   dotnet:
     name: .NET
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-dotnet.yml
     if: >
-      github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-      contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//dotnet') ||
-      contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[dotnet]') ||
-      contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[dotnet]')
+      !cancelled() && (
+        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
+        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//dotnet') ||
+        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[dotnet]') ||
+        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[dotnet]')
+      )
 
   java:
     name: Java
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-java.yml
     if: >
-      github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-      contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//java') ||
-      contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[java]') ||
-      contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[java]')
+      !cancelled() && (
+        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
+        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//java') ||
+        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[java]') ||
+        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[java]')
+      )
 
   python:
     name: Python
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-python.yml
     if: >
-      github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-      contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//py') ||
-      contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[py]') ||
-      contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[py]')
+      !cancelled() && (
+        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
+        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//py') ||
+        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[py]') ||
+        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[py]')
+      )
 
   ruby:
     name: Ruby
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-ruby.yml
     if: >
-      github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-      contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//rb') ||
-      contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[rb]') ||
-      contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[rb]')
+      !cancelled() && (
+        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
+        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//rb') ||
+        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[rb]') ||
+        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[rb]')
+      )
 
   rust:
     name: Rust
@@ -115,9 +143,11 @@ jobs:
     secrets:
       SELENIUM_CI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SELENIUM_CI_TOKEN }}
     if: >
-      github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-      github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-      contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//rust') ||
-      contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[rust]') ||
-      contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[rust]')
+      !cancelled() && (
+        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
+        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//rust') ||
+        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[rust]') ||
+        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[rust]')
+      )
diff --git a/rake_tasks/bazel.rake b/rake_tasks/bazel.rake
index 6844ee856eb8e..d49b87d3cb674 100644
--- a/rake_tasks/bazel.rake
+++ b/rake_tasks/bazel.rake
@@ -1,12 +1,52 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require 'json'
+require 'set'
 
-# ./go bazel:build_test_index            --> 'build/bazel-test-target-index.json'
-# ./go bazel:build_test_index index.json --> 'index.json'
+# ./go bazel:affected_targets                              --> HEAD^..HEAD with default index
+# ./go bazel:affected_targets abc123..def456               --> explicit range
+# ./go bazel:affected_targets abc123..def456 my-index      --> explicit range with custom index
+# ./go bazel:affected_targets my-index                     --> HEAD^..HEAD with custom index
+desc 'Find test targets affected by changes between revisions'
+task :affected_targets do |_task, args|
+  values = args.to_a
+  index_file = values.find { |value| File.exist?(value) }
+  range = (values - [index_file]).first || 'HEAD'
+  index_file ||= 'build/bazel-test-target-index'
+
+  base_rev, head_rev = if range.include?('..')
+                         range.split('..', 2)
+                       else
+                         ["#{range}^", range]
+                       end
+
+  puts "Commit range: #{base_rev}..#{head_rev}"
+
+  changed_files = `git diff --name-only #{base_rev} #{head_rev}`.split("\n").map(&:strip).reject(&:empty?)
+  puts "Changed files: #{changed_files.size}"
+
+  targets = if File.exist?(index_file)
+              affected_targets_with_index(changed_files, index_file)
+            else
+              puts 'No index found, using directory-based fallback'
+              affected_targets_fallback(changed_files)
+            end
+
+  if targets.empty?
+    puts 'No test targets affected'
+    File.write('bazel-targets.txt', '')
+  else
+    puts "Found #{targets.size} affected test targets"
+    File.write('bazel-targets.txt', targets.sort.join(' '))
+    targets.sort.each { |t| puts t }
+  end
+end
+
+# ./go bazel:build_test_index                    --> 'build/bazel-test-target-index'
+# ./go bazel:build_test_index my-index           --> 'my-index'
 desc 'Build test target index for faster affected target lookup'
 task :build_test_index, [:index_file] do |_task, args|
-  output = args[:index_file] || 'build/bazel-test-target-index.json'
+  output = args[:index_file] || 'build/bazel-test-target-index'
 
   index = {}
   tests = []
@@ -53,3 +93,96 @@ def bazel_label_to_package(label)
   label = label.sub(%r{^@selenium//}, '').sub(%r{^//}, '')
   label.split(':').first
 end
+
+def find_bazel_package(filepath)
+  path = File.dirname(filepath)
+  until path.empty?
+    return path if File.exist?(File.join(path, 'BUILD.bazel')) || File.exist?(File.join(path, 'BUILD'))
+    return nil if path == '.'
+
+    path = File.dirname(path)
+  end
+  nil
+end
+
+def affected_targets_with_index(changed_files, index_file)
+  puts "Using index: #{index_file}"
+  begin
+    index = JSON.parse(File.read(index_file))
+  rescue JSON::ParserError => e
+    puts "Invalid JSON in index file: #{e.message}"
+    return affected_targets_fallback(changed_files)
+  end
+
+  test_files, lib_files = changed_files.partition { |f| f.match?(%r{[_-]test\.rb$|_test\.py$|Test\.java$|Tests?\.cs$|\.test\.[jt]s$|_spec\.rb$}) }
+
+  affected = Set.new
+  affected.merge(targets_from_tests(test_files))
+
+  lib_files.each do |filepath|
+    pkg = find_bazel_package(filepath)
+    affected.merge(targets_from_lookup(pkg, index, filepath))
+  end
+
+  affected.to_a
+end
+
+def targets_from_lookup(pkg, index, filepath)
+  # ignore files not associated with bazel package
+  return [] if pkg.nil?
+
+  # Root package is empty string, not '.'
+  pkg = '' if pkg == '.'
+
+  # generate targets if package not in the index
+  test_targets = index[pkg] || query_package_dep(pkg)
+
+  # dotnet tests depend on java server, but there are no remote tests, so safe to ignore
+  filepath.start_with?('java/') ? test_targets.reject { |t| t.start_with?('//dotnet/') } : test_targets
+end
+
+def query_package_dep(pkg)
+  # Root package is empty string, not '.'
+  pkg = '' if pkg == '.'
+  puts "Package not in index, querying deps: //#{pkg}"
+  targets = []
+  Bazel.execute('query', ['--output=label'], "kind('.*_test', deps(//#{pkg}:all))") do |out|
+    targets = out.lines.map(&:strip).select { |l| l.start_with?('//') }
+  end
+  targets
+end
+
+def targets_from_tests(test_files)
+  test_files.select! { |f| File.exist?(f) }
+  return [] if test_files.empty?
+
+  query = test_files.filter_map { |f|
+    pkg = find_bazel_package(f)
+    next if pkg.nil?
+
+    # Bazel srcs often use paths relative to the package, not basenames.
+    rel = f.sub(%r{^#{Regexp.escape(pkg)}/}, '')
+    "attr(srcs, '#{rel}', //#{pkg}:*)"
+  }.join(' + ')
+
+  return [] if query.empty?
+
+  targets = []
+  Bazel.execute('query', ['--output=label'], "kind('.*_test', #{query})") do |out|
+    targets = out.lines.map(&:strip).select { |l| l.start_with?('//') }
+  end
+  targets
+end
+
+def affected_targets_fallback(changed_files)
+  targets = Set.new
+  top_level_dirs = changed_files.map { |f| f.split('/').first }.uniq
+
+  return BINDING_TARGETS.values if top_level_dirs.intersect?(%w[common rust])
+
+  top_level_dirs.each do |dir|
+    targets << BINDING_TARGETS[dir] if BINDING_TARGETS[dir]
+  end
+
+  targets.to_a
+end
diff --git a/scripts/github-actions/check-bazel-targets.sh b/scripts/github-actions/check-bazel-targets.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index a68188002febe..0000000000000
--- a/scripts/github-actions/check-bazel-targets.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Determines which test targets are affected by changed files
-
-set -euo pipefail
-
-COMMIT_RANGE=${COMMIT_RANGE:-"HEAD^..HEAD"}
-echo "Commit range: ${COMMIT_RANGE}"
-
-cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
-
-affected_files=$(git diff --name-only "${COMMIT_RANGE}")
-file_count=$(echo "${affected_files}" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
-echo "Changed files: ${file_count}"
-if [[ -z "${affected_files}" ]]; then
-  echo "" > bazel-targets.txt
-  exit 0
-fi
-
-# Convert file paths to bazel labels
-echo "Finding bazel labels for changed files..."
-labels=()
-for file in $affected_files; do
-  [[ -f "$file" ]] || continue
-
-  dir=$(dirname "$file")
-  filename=$(basename "$file")
-
-  while [[ "$dir" != "." && ! -f "$dir/BUILD.bazel" && ! -f "$dir/BUILD" ]]; do
-    filename="$(basename "$dir")/$filename"
-    dir=$(dirname "$dir")
-  done
-
-  if [[ -f "$dir/BUILD.bazel" || -f "$dir/BUILD" ]]; then
-    labels+=("//${dir}:${filename}")
-  fi
-done
-
-echo "Bazel labels: ${#labels[@]}"
-if (( ${#labels[@]} == 0 )); then
-  echo "" > bazel-targets.txt
-  exit 0
-fi
-
-# Query all labels at once
-source_targets=$(bazel query --keep_going --noshow_progress "set(${labels[*]})" 2>/dev/null || true)
-target_count=$(echo "${source_targets}" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
-echo "Source targets: ${target_count}"
-if [[ -z "${source_targets}" ]]; then
-  echo "" > bazel-targets.txt
-  exit 0
-fi
-
-# Query each binding and accumulate results
-test_targets=""
-
-# Hack for Python since it takes CI 5 minutes to run rdeps for some reason only to always return all //py test targets
-py_changed=false
-for file in $affected_files; do
-  if [[ "$file" == py/* ]]; then
-    py_changed=true
-    break
-  fi
-done
-
-if [[ "$py_changed" == true ]]; then
-  echo "Python files changed, adding all Python tests targets..."
-  result=$(bazel query --keep_going --noshow_progress \
-    "kind(test, //py/...) except attr('tags','manual', //py/...) except attr('tags','lint', //py/...)" 2>/dev/null || true)
-  if [[ -n "$result" ]]; then
-    count=$(echo "$result" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
-    echo "Finished //py/...: ${count} targets"
-    test_targets="$result"
-  else
-    echo "Finished //py/...: 0 targets"
-  fi
-fi
-
-bindings=("//java/..." "//rb/..." "//dotnet/..." "//javascript/selenium-webdriver/...")
-
-for binding in "${bindings[@]}"; do
-  echo "Starting query for ${binding}..."
-  result=$(bazel query --keep_going --noshow_progress \
-    "kind(test, rdeps(set(${binding}), set(${source_targets}))) \
-     except attr('tags','manual', set(${binding})) \
-     except attr('tags','lint', set(${binding}))" 2>/dev/null || true)
-  if [[ -n "$result" ]]; then
-    count=$(echo "$result" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
-    echo "Finished ${binding}: ${count} targets"
-    test_targets="${test_targets}"$'\n'"${result}"
-  else
-    echo "Finished ${binding}: 0 targets"
-  fi
-done
-
-echo "All queries complete"
-
-test_targets=$(echo "${test_targets}" | xargs -n1 | sort -u | xargs)
-
-if [[ -z "${test_targets}" ]]; then
-  echo "No test targets found for the changed files."
-  echo "" > bazel-targets.txt
-  exit 0
-fi
-
-echo "Found test targets:"
-echo "${test_targets}" | xargs -n1
-
-echo "${test_targets}" > bazel-targets.txt

From 96a360804c794a84db9445a65eff1c1f79ef3fb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2026 17:47:06 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 02/17] fix the conditional logic

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 56 ++++++----------------------------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 2fac1be26880c..d17d825908174 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ jobs:
   check:
     name: Check Targets
     if: >
-      github.event_name != 'schedule' &&
       github.event.repository.fork == false &&
         (startsWith(github.head_ref, 'renovate/') != true || github.event_name == 'workflow_call')
     uses: ./.github/workflows/bazel.yml
@@ -50,11 +49,9 @@ jobs:
 
   read-targets:
     name: Read Targets
-    if: ${{ !cancelled() && needs.check.result == 'success' }}
     needs: check
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
-      targets: ${{ steps.read.outputs.targets }}
       java: ${{ steps.read.outputs.java }}
       py: ${{ steps.read.outputs.py }}
       rb: ${{ steps.read.outputs.rb }}
@@ -67,6 +64,9 @@ jobs:
           name: check-targets
       - name: Read targets
         id: read
+        env:
+          COMMIT_MESSAGES: ${{ join(github.event.commits.*.message, ' ') }}
+          PR_TITLE: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
         run: |
           targets=$(cat bazel-targets.txt 2>/dev/null || echo "")
           check_binding() {
@@ -84,57 +84,25 @@ jobs:
     name: .NET
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-dotnet.yml
-    if: >
-      !cancelled() && (
-        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//dotnet') ||
-        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[dotnet]') ||
-        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[dotnet]')
-      )
+    if: needs.read-targets.outputs.dotnet != ''
 
   java:
     name: Java
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-java.yml
-    if: >
-      !cancelled() && (
-        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//java') ||
-        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[java]') ||
-        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[java]')
-      )
+    if: needs.read-targets.outputs.java != ''
 
   python:
     name: Python
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-python.yml
-    if: >
-      !cancelled() && (
-        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//py') ||
-        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[py]') ||
-        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[py]')
-      )
+    if: needs.read-targets.outputs.py != ''
 
   ruby:
     name: Ruby
     needs: read-targets
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-ruby.yml
-    if: >
-      !cancelled() && (
-        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//rb') ||
-        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[rb]') ||
-        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[rb]')
-      )
+    if: needs.read-targets.outputs.rb != ''
 
   rust:
     name: Rust
@@ -142,12 +110,4 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-rust.yml
     secrets:
       SELENIUM_CI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SELENIUM_CI_TOKEN }}
-    if: >
-      !cancelled() && (
-        github.event_name == 'schedule' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
-        github.event_name == 'workflow_call' ||
-        contains(needs.read-targets.outputs.targets, '//rust') ||
-        contains(join(github.event.commits.*.message), '[rust]') ||
-        contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[rust]')
-      )
+    if: needs.read-targets.outputs.rust != ''

From 26294d562e0d0812749c6365053945af2c05eb95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 19:42:59 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 03/17] run build-index on manual workflow dispatch

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index d17d825908174..384ec74cb8640 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   build-index:
     name: Build Index
-    if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
+    if: github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
 
   check:

From 8d7fcca53d032ea9d1cae25bef54acd85d9ab81e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 21:50:06 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 04/17] add comment when check target script is skipped

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 384ec74cb8640..75c7ce45632e2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       fetch-depth: 50
       run: |
         if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
+          echo "Running all targets for ${{ github.event_name }} event"
           echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
         else
           if [ -f bazel-test-target-index.gz ]; then

From 1bae1e882aa5117ac532e32ae85f2aa38cd3b4ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 21:53:15 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 05/17] remove indexing when manual executed

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 75c7ce45632e2..58f2caa5f8b80 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       cache-name: bazel-test-target-index
       fetch-depth: 50
       run: |
-        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
+        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
           echo "Running all targets for ${{ github.event_name }} event"
           echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
         else

From a35251dc6d6711ed5c8d4b91fe6ab1b1ce4c2199 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 09:02:40 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 06/17] WIP - just build index again

---
 .github/workflows/bazel.yml          | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml | 2 ++
 .github/workflows/ci.yml             | 9 ++-------
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
index b3975bb2e4a65..2bb2af8d15dfa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ jobs:
         if: inputs.cache-name != ''
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         with:
-          path: ${{ inputs.cache-name }}.gz
+          path: ${{ inputs.cache-name }}
           key: ${{ inputs.cache-name }}-
           restore-keys: ${{ inputs.cache-name }}-
       - name: Free space
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
index 092aa0b0c0e29..d246df4f15b9d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: bazel-test-target-index
+      - name: Debug - list files
+        run: ls -la && file bazel-test-target-index*
       - name: Cache index
         uses: actions/cache/save@v4
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 58f2caa5f8b80..060a5123d6153 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -34,16 +34,11 @@ jobs:
       cache-name: bazel-test-target-index
       fetch-depth: 50
       run: |
-        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
+        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
           echo "Running all targets for ${{ github.event_name }} event"
           echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
         else
-          if [ -f bazel-test-target-index.gz ]; then
-            mkdir -p build
-            gunzip -c bazel-test-target-index.gz > build/bazel-test-target-index.json
-            echo "Restored cached index"
-          fi
-          ./go bazel:affected_targets "${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before }}..HEAD"
+          ./go bazel:affected_targets "${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before }}..HEAD" bazel-test-target-index
         fi
       artifact-name: check-targets
       artifact-path: bazel-targets.txt

From a757f3350b0fb52882aaa4953b9474b0d0dcd777 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 10:18:11 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 07/17] WIP - now try to use the indexed file with workflow
 dispatch instead of building it

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 060a5123d6153..8fde065fcf376 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   build-index:
     name: Build Index
-    if: github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+    if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
 
   check:
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       cache-name: bazel-test-target-index
       fetch-depth: 50
       run: |
-        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
+        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
           echo "Running all targets for ${{ github.event_name }} event"
           echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
         else

From f6e8f7a94c7c37fc8ab39120dae0be9199769273 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 11:11:26 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 08/17] test: trigger remote tests from index

---
 java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java
index c7e9a3559322b..a3e6b28af1029 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ public class RemoteWebDriver
         Interactive,
         PrintsPage,
         TakesScreenshot {
+  // Test change to trigger remote tests from index
 
   static {
     org.openqa.selenium.internal.Debug.configureLogger();

From 714d44c389587cb33c188ffcba38699b242e49e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 11:36:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 09/17] detect index file by existence in affected_targets args

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 8fde065fcf376..1009bd4c1f6d0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,12 @@ jobs:
           echo "Running all targets for ${{ github.event_name }} event"
           echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
         else
-          ./go bazel:affected_targets "${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before }}..HEAD" bazel-test-target-index
+          BASE_SHA="${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before }}"
+          if [ -n "$BASE_SHA" ]; then
+            ./go bazel:affected_targets "${BASE_SHA}..HEAD" bazel-test-target-index
+          else
+            ./go bazel:affected_targets bazel-test-target-index
+          fi
         fi
       artifact-name: check-targets
       artifact-path: bazel-targets.txt

From 71742deb5d85b6f0d437d8b7eb194319d36266f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 11:37:06 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 10/17] revert test comment in RemoteWebDriver

---
 java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java
index a3e6b28af1029..c7e9a3559322b 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/RemoteWebDriver.java
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ public class RemoteWebDriver
         Interactive,
         PrintsPage,
         TakesScreenshot {
-  // Test change to trigger remote tests from index
 
   static {
     org.openqa.selenium.internal.Debug.configureLogger();

From b20d1a4ad0bee71da95cdc654095406fb09ec6f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 12:01:44 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 11/17] python tests are all on //py: not nested with //py/

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1009bd4c1f6d0..ca32a640d15d4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
             fi
           }
           check_binding "//java/" "java"
-          check_binding "//py/" "py"
+          check_binding "//py:" "py"
           check_binding "//rb/" "rb"
           check_binding "//dotnet/" "dotnet"
           check_binding "//rust/" "rust"

From 55925c945f26137321eb930e6fdc775fc20a1bfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 12:08:24 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 12/17] test: trigger grid tests from index

---
 java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java
index 8920af7b5bad0..686411f1cae89 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 // under the License.
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.grid;
+// Test change to verify grid tests are triggered from index
 
 import static java.util.Comparator.comparing;
 

From 198538c906759d3ec1406dbbd839ec6437bd5b60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 20:41:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 13/17] build: switch index generation to linux

Now that trunk has the fix for macOS-only archive rules,
the index can be built on Linux which is faster and cheaper.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
index d246df4f15b9d..72bff2a18ddbf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/bazel.yml
     with:
       name: Build Test Index
-      os: macos
+      os: linux
       run: ./go bazel:build_test_index bazel-test-target-index
       artifact-name: bazel-test-target-index
       artifact-path: bazel-test-target-index

From 22a6404ba84a3ec6db3de9f636ed2e9d5d7ce971 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 20:56:46 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 14/17] workflow dispatch always re-indexes and always runs
 everything

---
 .github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml        | 2 --
 .github/workflows/ci.yml                    | 6 ++++--
 java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java | 1 -
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
index 72bff2a18ddbf..d6b1c3ebbfe25 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: bazel-test-target-index
-      - name: Debug - list files
-        run: ls -la && file bazel-test-target-index*
       - name: Cache index
         uses: actions/cache/save@v4
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ca32a640d15d4..23dd5fb987477 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   build-index:
     name: Build Index
-    if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
+    if: github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
 
   check:
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ jobs:
       cache-name: bazel-test-target-index
       fetch-depth: 50
       run: |
-        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ]; then
+        if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "schedule" ] || \
+        [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ] || \
+        [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
           echo "Running all targets for ${{ github.event_name }} event"
           echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
         else
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java
index 686411f1cae89..8920af7b5bad0 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/Main.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 // under the License.
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.grid;
-// Test change to verify grid tests are triggered from index
 
 import static java.util.Comparator.comparing;
 

From a0a3f26dd4114ac17dca53af0eb2702e5087ca50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 21:05:03 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 15/17] ubuntu not linux

---
 .github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
index d6b1c3ebbfe25..d023790ffaf23 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/bazel.yml
     with:
       name: Build Test Index
-      os: linux
+      os: ubuntu
       run: ./go bazel:build_test_index bazel-test-target-index
       artifact-name: bazel-test-target-index
       artifact-path: bazel-test-target-index

From 13ff451698603c680617ee7a729332cff19364b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 21:48:49 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 16/17] python tests from the root

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 23dd5fb987477..f5a95a8005def 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
         [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_call" ] || \
         [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
           echo "Running all targets for ${{ github.event_name }} event"
-          echo "//java/... //py/... //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
+          echo "//java/... //py:* //rb/... //dotnet/... //rust/..." > bazel-targets.txt
         else
           BASE_SHA="${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before }}"
           if [ -n "$BASE_SHA" ]; then

From aff056811bdb4509b56902fe9e6d145e95395625 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Titus Fortner <titus.fortner@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 22:11:51 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 17/17] add explicit permissions to cache job

---
 .github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
index d023790ffaf23..ef7de04e14179 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-build-index.yml
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Cache Index
     needs: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions: {}
     steps:
       - name: Download index
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4