diff --git a/.github/workflows/bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
index 9c99ee829177b..34021e6f6a82a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
@@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ jobs:
           external-cache: |
             manifest:
               crates: rust/Cargo.Bazel.lock
-              rules_ruby++ruby+ruby: ${{ inputs.os == 'windows' && 'false' || 'rb/.ruby-version' }}
               "+pin_browsers_extension+linux_beta_chrome": false
               "+pin_browsers_extension+linux_beta_chromedriver": true
               "+pin_browsers_extension+linux_beta_firefox": false
@@ -198,7 +197,6 @@ jobs:
           external-cache: |
             manifest:
               crates: rust/Cargo.Bazel.lock
-              rules_ruby++ruby+ruby: rb/.ruby-version
           repository-cache: true
           bazelrc: common --color=yes
       - name: Setup curl for Ubuntu
diff --git a/BUILD.bazel b/BUILD.bazel
index 63745fbe1d51e..94172c7b82a60 100644
--- a/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/BUILD.bazel
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ load("@buildifier_prebuilt//:rules.bzl", "buildifier")
 load("@npm//:defs.bzl", "npm_link_all_packages")
 load("//common:browsers.bzl", "chrome_data", "firefox_data")
 load("//java:browsers.bzl", "chrome_jvm_flags", "firefox_jvm_flags")
-load("//java:defs.bzl", "artifact")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "artifact", "java_binary")
 
 exports_files([
     "package.json",
diff --git a/MODULE.bazel b/MODULE.bazel
index acd0d3f5d26ea..901e492751c02 100644
--- a/MODULE.bazel
+++ b/MODULE.bazel
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ bazel_dep(name = "rules_nodejs", version = "6.3.2")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_pkg", version = "1.0.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_python", version = "1.8.3")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_proto", version = "7.0.2")
-bazel_dep(name = "rules_ruby", version = "0.19.0")
+bazel_dep(name = "rules_ruby", version = "0.22.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_rust", version = "0.67.0")
 
 # Until `rules_jvm_external` 6.8 ships
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ ruby.toolchain(
         "curl",
         "libyaml",
     ],
-    ruby_build_version = "20260110",
+    portable_ruby = True,
     version_file = "//:rb/.ruby-version",
 )
 ruby.bundle_fetch(
@@ -358,6 +358,9 @@ ruby.bundle_fetch(
     },
     gemfile = "//:rb/Gemfile",
     gemfile_lock = "//:rb/Gemfile.lock",
+    jar_checksums = {
+        "org.snakeyaml:snakeyaml-engine:2.10": "c99d9fd66c7c251d881a9cd95089b7c8044c29a1b02983d7036981bd4354ec37",
+    },
 )
 use_repo(ruby, "bundle", "ruby", "ruby_toolchains")
 
diff --git a/common/remote-build/cc/BUILD b/common/remote-build/cc/BUILD
index 88b9ad9cbcd6c..425b4acd189ff 100755
--- a/common/remote-build/cc/BUILD
+++ b/common/remote-build/cc/BUILD
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 # This becomes the BUILD file for @local_config_cc// under non-BSD unixes.
 
+load("@rules_cc//cc:cc_library.bzl", "cc_library")
 load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_toolchain", "cc_toolchain_suite")
 load(":armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl", "armeabi_cc_toolchain_config")
 load(":cc_toolchain_config.bzl", "cc_toolchain_config")
diff --git a/common/remote-build/cc/armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl b/common/remote-build/cc/armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl
index 72ef48ae6d6df..ae0527efe74bb 100755
--- a/common/remote-build/cc/armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl
+++ b/common/remote-build/cc/armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ load(
     "feature",
     "tool_path",
 )
+load("@rules_cc//cc/common:cc_common.bzl", "cc_common")
 
 def _impl(ctx):
     toolchain_identifier = "stub_armeabi-v7a"
diff --git a/common/remote-build/cc/cc_toolchain_config.bzl b/common/remote-build/cc/cc_toolchain_config.bzl
index 4fd16d733098a..21b78e1ad76c5 100755
--- a/common/remote-build/cc/cc_toolchain_config.bzl
+++ b/common/remote-build/cc/cc_toolchain_config.bzl
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ load(
     "variable_with_value",
     "with_feature_set",
 )
+load("@rules_cc//cc/common:cc_common.bzl", "cc_common")
 
 def layering_check_features(compiler):
     if compiler != "clang":
diff --git a/cpp/linux-specific/BUILD.bazel b/cpp/linux-specific/BUILD.bazel
index 6fbb8031b2219..f70a1001ffade 100644
--- a/cpp/linux-specific/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/cpp/linux-specific/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+load("@rules_cc//cc:cc_binary.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
 cc_binary(
     name = "noblur64",
     srcs = glob([
diff --git a/java/BUILD.bazel b/java/BUILD.bazel
index 71808daaa9c78..25d2f0c494038 100644
--- a/java/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 load("@bazel_skylib//rules:common_settings.bzl", "string_flag")
 load("@contrib_rules_jvm//java:defs.bzl", "spotbugs_binary", "spotbugs_config")
-load(":defs.bzl", "artifact")
+load("@rules_java//java:java_plugin.bzl", "java_plugin")
+load(":defs.bzl", "artifact", "java_library")
 
 exports_files(
     srcs = [
diff --git a/java/private/BUILD.bazel b/java/private/BUILD.bazel
index 750af87a97a5a..eaf0e211d6e78 100644
--- a/java/private/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/private/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "artifact", "java_binary")
 
 exports_files(
     srcs = [
diff --git a/java/private/common.bzl b/java/private/common.bzl
index 8f68b4a9b3fcf..1fb1415129762 100644
--- a/java/private/common.bzl
+++ b/java/private/common.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_info.bzl", "JavaInfo")
 load("//java/private:module.bzl", "JavaModuleInfo")
 
 MavenInfo = provider(
diff --git a/java/private/dist_info.bzl b/java/private/dist_info.bzl
index 97c8b9bddbc97..09afe15922003 100644
--- a/java/private/dist_info.bzl
+++ b/java/private/dist_info.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_info.bzl", "JavaInfo")
 load("//java/private:common.bzl", "MavenInfo", "explode_coordinates", "read_coordinates")
 load("//java/private:module.bzl", "JavaModuleInfo")
 
diff --git a/java/private/module.bzl b/java/private/module.bzl
index f0c9eedec22fa..313dca27e2d85 100644
--- a/java/private/module.bzl
+++ b/java/private/module.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_common.bzl", "java_common")
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_info.bzl", "JavaInfo")
+
 _GatheredModuleInfo = provider(
     fields = {
         "name": "Name of the module, may be `None`.",
diff --git a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/firefox/BUILD.bazel b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/firefox/BUILD.bazel
index ee7f980bd7c94..7d29fa850c18e 100644
--- a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/firefox/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/firefox/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
 load("//common:defs.bzl", "copy_file")
-load("//java:defs.bzl", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "java_selenium_test_suite", "java_test_suite")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "java_library", "java_selenium_test_suite", "java_test_suite")
 
 LARGE_TESTS = [
     "ExtensionsTest.java",
diff --git a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/grid/router/BUILD.bazel b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/grid/router/BUILD.bazel
index 4b8096bb9bd24..1139ff6421d6f 100644
--- a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/grid/router/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/grid/router/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
-load("//java:defs.bzl", "BIDI_BROWSERS", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "SINGLE_BROWSER", "java_selenium_test_suite", "java_test_suite")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "BIDI_BROWSERS", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "SINGLE_BROWSER", "java_library", "java_selenium_test_suite", "java_test_suite")
 load("//java:version.bzl", "TOOLS_JAVA_VERSION")
 load("//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools:versions.bzl", "CDP_DEPS")
 
diff --git a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/netty/server/BUILD.bazel b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/netty/server/BUILD.bazel
index c21993bc25b1c..29362519a0ebe 100644
--- a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/netty/server/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/netty/server/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
-load("//java:defs.bzl", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "java_test_suite")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "java_library", "java_test_suite")
 
 SMALL_TEST_SRCS = [
     "RequestConverterTest.java",
diff --git a/javascript/grid-ui/BUILD.bazel b/javascript/grid-ui/BUILD.bazel
index ca3c37dd40584..289b89443d746 100644
--- a/javascript/grid-ui/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/javascript/grid-ui/BUILD.bazel
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ load("@aspect_rules_js//js:defs.bzl", "js_library")
 load("@aspect_rules_ts//ts:defs.bzl", "ts_project")
 load("@npm//:defs.bzl", "npm_link_all_packages")
 load("@rules_pkg//pkg:zip.bzl", "pkg_zip")
-load("//java:defs.bzl", "merge_jars")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "java_import", "merge_jars")
 
 npm_link_all_packages(name = "node_modules")
 
diff --git a/javascript/grid-ui/public/BUILD.bazel b/javascript/grid-ui/public/BUILD.bazel
index b1635bc09dd94..7f68b55a76b48 100644
--- a/javascript/grid-ui/public/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/javascript/grid-ui/public/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 load("@rules_pkg//pkg:zip.bzl", "pkg_zip")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "java_import")
 
 pkg_zip(
     name = "build-zip",
diff --git a/javascript/private/test_suite.bzl b/javascript/private/test_suite.bzl
index 77bbf3c2e46a2..78f5ade43f0d9 100644
--- a/javascript/private/test_suite.bzl
+++ b/javascript/private/test_suite.bzl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
-load("//java:defs.bzl", "selenium_test")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "java_binary", "selenium_test")
 
 def closure_test_suite(name, data = [], browsers = None):
     data = data + [
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ def closure_test_suite(name, data = [], browsers = None):
         kwargs["browsers"] = browsers
 
     selenium_test(**kwargs)
-
-    native.java_binary(
+    java_binary(
         name = name + "_debug_server",
         main_class = "org.openqa.selenium.environment.webserver.NettyAppServer",
         data = data,
diff --git a/rb/Gemfile.lock b/rb/Gemfile.lock
index 237965ed5a7ae..890506e438335 100644
--- a/rb/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/rb/Gemfile.lock
@@ -222,4 +222,4 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   yard (~> 0.9.11, >= 0.9.36)
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-   2.4.19
+  4.0.6
diff --git a/scripts/BUILD.bazel b/scripts/BUILD.bazel
index 0a4514942b3e9..670d27ea0cd6a 100644
--- a/scripts/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/scripts/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 load("@py_dev_requirements//:requirements.bzl", "requirement")
 load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_binary")
-load("//java:defs.bzl", "artifact")
+load("//java:defs.bzl", "artifact", "java_binary")
 
 py_binary(
     name = "pinned_browsers",