diff --git a/analysis_results.md b/analysis_results.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e855e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/analysis_results.md
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Cloud Run Deployment Troubleshooting Report
+
+The deployment failure in Google Cloud Run was caused by the application failing to start and listen on the expected port (8080) within the allocated timeout. 
+
+## Root Cause Analysis
+
+After investigating the `backend/Dockerfile`, I identified that the **source code was not being copied into the container**. The `Dockerfile` only included `COPY requirements.txt .`, which resulted in a container with all dependencies installed but missing the `app` directory and its logic. Consequently, `uvicorn` was unable to find `app.main:app`, causing the container to crash immediately or fail to bind to the port.
+
+## Changes Applied
+
+### 1. Update `backend/Dockerfile`
+I modified the `Dockerfile` to include the following improvements:
+- **Added `COPY . .`**: Ensured that the backend source code is properly included in the image.
+- **Fixed Permissions**: Added a `chown` command to ensure the non-privileged `appuser` owns the application directory, preventing permission errors during runtime.
+- **Improved Port Handling**: Updated the `CMD` to use the `${PORT}` environment variable provided by Cloud Run, with a fallback to `8080`.
+
+```dockerfile
+# ... after pip install ...
+
+# Copy source code and fix permissions
+COPY . .
+RUN chown -R appuser:appuser /app && \
+    chmod 755 /app/model_cache
+
+# ...
+
+# Command to run the application using the PORT environment variable
+CMD ["sh", "-c", "exec uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port ${PORT:-8080} --proxy-headers"]
+```
+
+## Next Steps
+1. **Commit the changes**: The fixed `Dockerfile` is now ready to be pushed to the repository.
+2. **Re-run the GitHub Action**: PR을 `main` 브랜치에 머지(merge)하면 GitHub Actions 워크플로우가 트리거됩니다.
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Once the deployment is successful, you can verify the status through the Cloud Run URL or the readiness check endpoint: `/ready`.
diff --git a/backend/.dockerignore b/backend/.dockerignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d11e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/.dockerignore
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+*.pyo
+*.pyd
+.Python
+env/
+.env
+.venv/
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+.tox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+.vscode/
+.idea/
+.git/
+.github/
+README.md
+requirements-dev.txt
+pytest.ini
+pytest_log.txt
+pytest_log_utf8.txt
+update_metadata.sql
+verify_and_clear.py
+download_books.py
+check_progress.py
+data/
+tests/
+scripts/
diff --git a/backend/Dockerfile b/backend/Dockerfile
index b6bfbfd..451c4b3 100644
--- a/backend/Dockerfile
+++ b/backend/Dockerfile
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 
 # Create a non-privileged user first so we can use it for directory ownership
 RUN adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" appuser && \
-    mkdir -p /app/model_cache && \
-    chown -R appuser:appuser /app && \
+    mkdir -p /app/model_cache
+
+# Copy source code and fix permissions
+COPY . .
+RUN chown -R appuser:appuser /app && \
     chmod 755 /app/model_cache
 
 ENV HF_HOME=/app/model_cache
@@ -33,8 +36,9 @@ USER appuser
 # This runs as 'appuser', matching the runtime environment
 RUN python -c "from langchain_huggingface import HuggingFaceEmbeddings; HuggingFaceEmbeddings(model_name='sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2', model_kwargs={'device': 'cpu'})"
 
-# Expose the port
+# Expose the port (Cloud Run defaults to 8080, but can be overridden by $PORT)
 EXPOSE 8080
 
-# Command to run the application (0.0.0.0 for Cloud Run)
-CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8080", "--proxy-headers"]
+# Command to run the application using the PORT environment variable with exec form
+# We use exec to ensure uvicorn becomes the PID 1 process and handles termination signals properly
+CMD ["sh", "-c", "exec uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port ${PORT:-8080} --proxy-headers"]
diff --git a/backend/app/core/config.py b/backend/app/core/config.py
index ac53ac5..5b528cf 100644
--- a/backend/app/core/config.py
+++ b/backend/app/core/config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from pathlib import Path
+from pydantic import Field, AliasChoices
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
@@ -9,7 +10,10 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     
     # Supabase Settings
     SUPABASE_URL: str = ""
-    SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY: str = "" # Use Service Role Key for backend operations
+    SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY: str = Field(
+        "", 
+        validation_alias=AliasChoices("SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY", "SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY")
+    ) # Use Service Role Key for backend operations
     
     model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
         env_file=str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3] / ".env"), 
@@ -18,3 +22,9 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     )
 
 settings = Settings()
+
+# Fail-fast validation: ensure essential secrets are configured at startup
+if not settings.SUPABASE_URL or not settings.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY:
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "SUPABASE_URL and SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY (or SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY) must be configured in environment variables."
+    )