diff --git a/packages/passport-x/src/passport-oauth1.d.ts b/packages/passport-x/src/passport-oauth1.d.ts
index 9953d434db26e..7bd266a472a4e 100644
--- a/packages/passport-x/src/passport-oauth1.d.ts
+++ b/packages/passport-x/src/passport-oauth1.d.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
 declare module 'passport-oauth1' {
 	import type { Request } from 'express';
 
-	interface OAuthGetCallback {
-		(err: OAuthError | null, body?: string, res?: { headers: Record<string, string> }): void;
-	}
-
-	interface OAuthError {
-		statusCode?: number;
-		data?: string;
-	}
-
-	interface OAuthClient {
-		get(url: string, token: string, tokenSecret: string, callback: OAuthGetCallback): void;
-	}
-
 	class OAuthStrategy {
 		name: string;
 
-		_oauth: OAuthClient;
+		_oauth: OAuthStrategy.OAuthClient;
 
 		constructor(options: Record<string, unknown>, verify: (...args: unknown[]) => void);
 
@@ -32,10 +19,27 @@ declare module 'passport-oauth1' {
 		redirect(url: string, status?: number): void;
 	}
 
-	class InternalOAuthError extends Error {
-		constructor(message: string, err: unknown);
+	// Merged namespace so the CommonJS `module.exports = Strategy` default and the
+	// `exports.InternalOAuthError` named export coexist under a single `export =`.
+	// TS7 rejects mixing `export =` with `export { ... }`.
+	namespace OAuthStrategy {
+		interface OAuthGetCallback {
+			(err: OAuthError | null, body?: string, res?: { headers: Record<string, string> }): void;
+		}
+
+		interface OAuthError {
+			statusCode?: number;
+			data?: string;
+		}
+
+		interface OAuthClient {
+			get(url: string, token: string, tokenSecret: string, callback: OAuthGetCallback): void;
+		}
+
+		class InternalOAuthError extends Error {
+			constructor(message: string, err: unknown);
+		}
 	}
 
 	export = OAuthStrategy;
-	export { InternalOAuthError, OAuthClient, OAuthError, OAuthGetCallback };
 }