diff --git a/.bazeliskrc b/.bazeliskrc
index 4913d8672069..5fb18181ca1c 100644
--- a/.bazeliskrc
+++ b/.bazeliskrc
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Keep this version number in sync with the Ubuntu deb installed by
 # drake/setup/ubuntu/source_distribution/install_prereqs.sh.
-USE_BAZEL_VERSION=5.3.1
+#
+# These files should also be updated:
+# drake/tools/workspace/drake_visualizer/image/provision.sh
+# drake/tools/wheel/image/provision-base.sh
+USE_BAZEL_VERSION=6.0.0
diff --git a/doc/_pages/from_source.md b/doc/_pages/from_source.md
index 4670ad9b558d..60ade785f655 100644
--- a/doc/_pages/from_source.md
+++ b/doc/_pages/from_source.md
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ integration. Any other configurations are provided on a best-effort basis.
 
 | Operating System ⁽²⁾               | Architecture | Python ⁽¹⁾ | Bazel | CMake | C/C++ Compiler ⁽³⁾           | Java                          |
 |------------------------------------|--------------|------------|-------|-------|------------------------------|-------------------------------|
-| Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)     | x86_64       | 3.8        | 5.3   | 3.16  | GCC 9 (default) or Clang 12  | OpenJDK 11                    |
-| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) | x86_64       | 3.10       | 5.3   | 3.22  | GCC 11 (default) or Clang 12 | OpenJDK 11                    |
-| macOS Monterey (12)                | x86_64       | 3.10       | 5.3   | 3.24  | Apple LLVM 14 (Xcode 14)     | AdoptOpenJDK 16 (HotSpot JVM) |
-| macOS Monterey (12)                | arm64        | 3.10       | 5.3   | 3.24  | Apple LLVM 14 (Xcode 14)     | AdoptOpenJDK 16 (HotSpot JVM) |
+| Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)     | x86_64       | 3.8        | 6.0   | 3.16  | GCC 9 (default) or Clang 12  | OpenJDK 11                    |
+| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) | x86_64       | 3.10       | 6.0   | 3.22  | GCC 11 (default) or Clang 12 | OpenJDK 11                    |
+| macOS Monterey (12)                | x86_64       | 3.10       | 6.0   | 3.24  | Apple LLVM 14 (Xcode 14)     | AdoptOpenJDK 16 (HotSpot JVM) |
+| macOS Monterey (12)                | arm64        | 3.10       | 6.0   | 3.24  | Apple LLVM 14 (Xcode 14)     | AdoptOpenJDK 16 (HotSpot JVM) |
 
 ⁽¹⁾ CPython is the only Python implementation supported.
 
diff --git a/setup/ubuntu/source_distribution/install_prereqs.sh b/setup/ubuntu/source_distribution/install_prereqs.sh
index 419364963216..0060638c3c89 100755
--- a/setup/ubuntu/source_distribution/install_prereqs.sh
+++ b/setup/ubuntu/source_distribution/install_prereqs.sh
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ if [[ $(arch) = "aarch64" ]]; then
   fi
 else
   dpkg_install_from_wget \
-    bazel 5.3.1 \
-    https://releases.bazel.build/5.3.1/release/bazel_5.3.1-linux-x86_64.deb \
-    1e939b50d90f68d30fa4f3c12dfdf31429b83ddd8076c622429854f64253c23d
+    bazel 6.0.0 \
+    https://releases.bazel.build/6.0.0/release/bazel_6.0.0-linux-x86_64.deb \
+    b27749e59d7d57d9cf6ca0edce7fbd26bb677797217429052d62ee0f2d008b35
 fi
diff --git a/tools/skylark/drake_cc.bzl b/tools/skylark/drake_cc.bzl
index 638e1d959c78..b657b337e948 100644
--- a/tools/skylark/drake_cc.bzl
+++ b/tools/skylark/drake_cc.bzl
@@ -726,6 +726,11 @@ def drake_cc_binary(
         linkshared = linkshared,
         linkstatic = linkstatic,
         linkopts = linkopts,
+        features = [
+            # We should deduplicate symbols while linking (for a ~6% reduction
+            # in disk use), to conserve space in CI; see #18545 for details.
+            "-no_deduplicate",
+        ],
         **kwargs
     )
 
@@ -804,6 +809,11 @@ def drake_cc_test(
         args = args,
         deps = deps + add_deps,
         copts = new_copts,
+        features = [
+            # We should deduplicate symbols while linking (for a ~6% reduction
+            # in disk use), to conserve space in CI; see #18545 for details.
+            "-no_deduplicate",
+        ],
         **kwargs
     )
 
diff --git a/tools/wheel/image/provision-base.sh b/tools/wheel/image/provision-base.sh
index 14fa9824283e..ec4a36f170dc 100755
--- a/tools/wheel/image/provision-base.sh
+++ b/tools/wheel/image/provision-base.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 set -eu -o pipefail
 
-readonly BAZEL_VERSION=5.1.0
+readonly BAZEL_VERSION=6.0.0
 readonly BAZEL_ROOT=https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download
 
 # Fix ssh permissions.
diff --git a/tools/workspace/drake_visualizer/image/provision.sh b/tools/workspace/drake_visualizer/image/provision.sh
index a4e45aeec5a0..1f6dc9ff0cf1 100755
--- a/tools/workspace/drake_visualizer/image/provision.sh
+++ b/tools/workspace/drake_visualizer/image/provision.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ set -eu -o pipefail
 
 export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
-readonly BAZEL_VERSION=5.1.0
+readonly BAZEL_VERSION=6.0.0
 readonly BAZEL_ROOT=https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download
 
 # Install prerequisites.
diff --git a/tools/workspace/dreal/patches/pull18545.patch b/tools/workspace/dreal/patches/pull18545.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..463e539a5ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/workspace/dreal/patches/pull18545.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+See https://github.com/RobotLocomotion/drake/pull/18545 for details
+about this patch.
+
+--- tools/dreal.bzl.orig
++++ tools/dreal.bzl
+@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@
+     return select({
+         "//tools:gcc_build": GCC_FLAGS + extra_gcc_flags + rule_copts,
+         "//tools:clang_build": CLANG_FLAGS + rule_copts,
+-        "//tools:apple": CLANG_FLAGS + rule_copts,
+         "//conditions:default": CXX_FLAGS + rule_copts,
+     })
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/workspace/dreal/repository.bzl b/tools/workspace/dreal/repository.bzl
index 35f3a5ec2aa6..a31ff93d290a 100644
--- a/tools/workspace/dreal/repository.bzl
+++ b/tools/workspace/dreal/repository.bzl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ def dreal_repository(
             ":patches/platforms.patch",
             ":patches/pull283.patch",
             ":patches/warnings.patch",
+            ":patches/pull18545.patch",
         ],
         repo_mapping = {
             "@nlopt": "@nlopt_internal",