http.py

"""
The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2015-present Rapptz

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
import logging
import sys
from typing import (
    Any,
    ClassVar,
    Coroutine,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
    Literal,
    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    overload,
    Sequence,
    Tuple,
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Type,
    TypeVar,
    Union,
)
from urllib.parse import quote as _uriquote
from collections import deque
import datetime

import aiohttp

from .errors import HTTPException, RateLimited, Forbidden, NotFound, LoginFailure, DiscordServerError, GatewayNotFound
from .gateway import DiscordClientWebSocketResponse
from .file import File
from .mentions import AllowedMentions
from . import __version__, utils
from .utils import MISSING

_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from typing_extensions import Self

    from .ui.view import View
    from .embeds import Embed
    from .message import Attachment
    from .flags import MessageFlags
    from .poll import Poll

    from .types import (
        appinfo,
        audit_log,
        automod,
        channel,
        command,
        emoji,
        guild,
        integration,
        invite,
        member,
        message,
        template,
        role,
        user,
        webhook,
        widget,
        threads,
        scheduled_event,
        sticker,
        welcome_screen,
        sku,
        poll,
        voice,
        soundboard,
        subscription,
    )
    from .types.snowflake import Snowflake, SnowflakeList
    from .types.gateway import SessionStartLimit

    from types import TracebackType

    T = TypeVar('T')
    BE = TypeVar('BE', bound=BaseException)
    Response = Coroutine[Any, Any, T]


async def json_or_text(response: aiohttp.ClientResponse) -> Union[Dict[str, Any], str]:
    text = await response.text(encoding='utf-8')
    try:
        if response.headers['content-type'] == 'application/json':
            return utils._from_json(text)
    except KeyError:
        # Thanks Cloudflare
        pass

    return text


class MultipartParameters(NamedTuple):
    payload: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
    multipart: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]
    files: Optional[Sequence[File]]

    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
        return self

    def __exit__(
        self,
        exc_type: Optional[Type[BE]],
        exc: Optional[BE],
        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
    ) -> None:
        if self.files:
            for file in self.files:
                file.close()


def handle_message_parameters(
    content: Optional[str] = MISSING,
    *,
    username: str = MISSING,
    avatar_url: Any = MISSING,
    tts: bool = False,
    nonce: Optional[Union[int, str]] = None,
    flags: MessageFlags = MISSING,
    file: File = MISSING,
    files: Sequence[File] = MISSING,
    embed: Optional[Embed] = MISSING,
    embeds: Sequence[Embed] = MISSING,
    attachments: Sequence[Union[Attachment, File]] = MISSING,
    view: Optional[View] = MISSING,
    allowed_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = MISSING,
    message_reference: Optional[message.MessageReference] = MISSING,
    stickers: Optional[SnowflakeList] = MISSING,
    previous_allowed_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = None,
    mention_author: Optional[bool] = None,
    thread_name: str = MISSING,
    channel_payload: Dict[str, Any] = MISSING,
    applied_tags: Optional[SnowflakeList] = MISSING,
    poll: Optional[Poll] = MISSING,
) -> MultipartParameters:
    if files is not MISSING and file is not MISSING:
        raise TypeError('Cannot mix file and files keyword arguments.')
    if embeds is not MISSING and embed is not MISSING:
        raise TypeError('Cannot mix embed and embeds keyword arguments.')

    if file is not MISSING:
        files = [file]

    if attachments is not MISSING and files is not MISSING:
        raise TypeError('Cannot mix attachments and files keyword arguments.')

    payload = {}
    if embeds is not MISSING:
        if len(embeds) > 10:
            raise ValueError('embeds has a maximum of 10 elements.')
        payload['embeds'] = [e.to_dict() for e in embeds]

    if embed is not MISSING:
        if embed is None:
            payload['embeds'] = []
        else:
            payload['embeds'] = [embed.to_dict()]

    if content is not MISSING:
        if content is not None:
            payload['content'] = str(content)
        else:
            payload['content'] = None

    if view is not MISSING:
        if view is not None:
            payload['components'] = view.to_components()
        else:
            payload['components'] = []

    if nonce is not None:
        payload['nonce'] = str(nonce)
        payload['enforce_nonce'] = True

    if message_reference is not MISSING:
        payload['message_reference'] = message_reference

    if stickers is not MISSING:
        if stickers is not None:
            payload['sticker_ids'] = stickers
        else:
            payload['sticker_ids'] = []

    payload['tts'] = tts
    if avatar_url:
        payload['avatar_url'] = str(avatar_url)
    if username:
        payload['username'] = username

    if flags is not MISSING:
        payload['flags'] = flags.value

    if thread_name is not MISSING:
        payload['thread_name'] = thread_name

    if allowed_mentions:
        if previous_allowed_mentions is not None:
            payload['allowed_mentions'] = previous_allowed_mentions.merge(allowed_mentions).to_dict()
        else:
            payload['allowed_mentions'] = allowed_mentions.to_dict()
    elif previous_allowed_mentions is not None:
        payload['allowed_mentions'] = previous_allowed_mentions.to_dict()

    if mention_author is not None:
        if 'allowed_mentions' not in payload:
            payload['allowed_mentions'] = AllowedMentions().to_dict()
        payload['allowed_mentions']['replied_user'] = mention_author

    if attachments is MISSING:
        attachments = files
    else:
        files = [a for a in attachments if isinstance(a, File)]

    if attachments is not MISSING:
        file_index = 0
        attachments_payload = []
        for attachment in attachments:
            if isinstance(attachment, File):
                attachments_payload.append(attachment.to_dict(file_index))
                file_index += 1
            else:
                attachments_payload.append(attachment.to_dict())

        payload['attachments'] = attachments_payload

    if applied_tags is not MISSING:
        if applied_tags is not None:
            payload['applied_tags'] = applied_tags
        else:
            payload['applied_tags'] = []

    if channel_payload is not MISSING:
        payload = {
            'message': payload,
        }
        payload.update(channel_payload)

    if poll not in (MISSING, None):
        payload['poll'] = poll._to_dict()  # type: ignore

    multipart = []
    if files:
        multipart.append({'name': 'payload_json', 'value': utils._to_json(payload)})
        payload = None
        for index, file in enumerate(files):
            multipart.append(
                {
                    'name': f'files[{index}]',
                    'value': file.fp,
                    'filename': file.filename,
                    'content_type': 'application/octet-stream',
                }
            )

    return MultipartParameters(payload=payload, multipart=multipart, files=files)


INTERNAL_API_VERSION: int = 10


def _set_api_version(value: int):
    global INTERNAL_API_VERSION

    if not isinstance(value, int):
        raise TypeError(f'expected int not {value.__class__.__name__}')

    if value not in (9, 10):
        raise ValueError(f'expected either 9 or 10 not {value}')

    INTERNAL_API_VERSION = value
    Route.BASE = f'https://discord.com/api/v{value}'


class Route:
    BASE: ClassVar[str] = 'https://discord.com/api/v10'

    def __init__(self, method: str, path: str, *, metadata: Optional[str] = None, **parameters: Any) -> None:
        self.path: str = path
        self.method: str = method
        # Metadata is a special string used to differentiate between known sub rate limits
        # Since these can't be handled generically, this is the next best way to do so.
        self.metadata: Optional[str] = metadata
        url = self.BASE + self.path
        if parameters:
            url = url.format_map({k: _uriquote(v, safe='') if isinstance(v, str) else v for k, v in parameters.items()})
        self.url: str = url

        # major parameters:
        self.channel_id: Optional[Snowflake] = parameters.get('channel_id')
        self.guild_id: Optional[Snowflake] = parameters.get('guild_id')
        self.webhook_id: Optional[Snowflake] = parameters.get('webhook_id')
        self.webhook_token: Optional[str] = parameters.get('webhook_token')

    @property
    def key(self) -> str:
        """The bucket key is used to represent the route in various mappings."""
        if self.metadata:
            return f'{self.method} {self.path}:{self.metadata}'
        return f'{self.method} {self.path}'

    @property
    def major_parameters(self) -> str:
        """Returns the major parameters formatted a string.

        This needs to be appended to a bucket hash to constitute as a full rate limit key.
        """
        return '+'.join(
            str(k) for k in (self.channel_id, self.guild_id, self.webhook_id, self.webhook_token) if k is not None
        )


class Ratelimit:
    """Represents a Discord rate limit.

    This is similar to a semaphore except tailored to Discord's rate limits. This is aware of
    the expiry of a token window, along with the number of tokens available. The goal of this
    design is to increase throughput of requests being sent concurrently rather than forcing
    everything into a single lock queue per route.
    """

    __slots__ = (
        'limit',
        'remaining',
        'outgoing',
        'reset_after',
        'expires',
        'dirty',
        '_last_request',
        '_max_ratelimit_timeout',
        '_loop',
        '_pending_requests',
        '_sleeping',
    )

    def __init__(self, max_ratelimit_timeout: Optional[float]) -> None:
        self.limit: int = 1
        self.remaining: int = self.limit
        self.outgoing: int = 0
        self.reset_after: float = 0.0
        self.expires: Optional[float] = None
        self.dirty: bool = False
        self._max_ratelimit_timeout: Optional[float] = max_ratelimit_timeout
        self._loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
        self._pending_requests: deque[asyncio.Future[Any]] = deque()
        # Only a single rate limit object should be sleeping at a time.
        # The object that is sleeping is ultimately responsible for freeing the semaphore
        # for the requests currently pending.
        self._sleeping: asyncio.Lock = asyncio.Lock()
        self._last_request: float = self._loop.time()

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return (
            f'<RateLimitBucket limit={self.limit} remaining={self.remaining} pending_requests={len(self._pending_requests)}>'
        )

    def reset(self):
        self.remaining = self.limit - self.outgoing
        self.expires = None
        self.reset_after = 0.0
        self.dirty = False

    def update(self, response: aiohttp.ClientResponse, *, use_clock: bool = False) -> None:
        headers = response.headers
        self.limit = int(headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Limit', 1))

        if self.dirty:
            self.remaining = min(int(headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Remaining', 0)), self.limit - self.outgoing)
        else:
            self.remaining = int(headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Remaining', 0))
            self.dirty = True

        reset_after = headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Reset-After')
        if use_clock or not reset_after:
            utc = datetime.timezone.utc
            now = datetime.datetime.now(utc)
            reset = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(headers['X-Ratelimit-Reset']), utc)
            self.reset_after = (reset - now).total_seconds()
        else:
            self.reset_after = float(reset_after)

        self.expires = self._loop.time() + self.reset_after

    def _wake_next(self) -> None:
        while self._pending_requests:
            future = self._pending_requests.popleft()
            if not future.done():
                future.set_result(None)
                break

    def _wake(self, count: int = 1, *, exception: Optional[RateLimited] = None) -> None:
        awaken = 0
        while self._pending_requests:
            future = self._pending_requests.popleft()
            if not future.done():
                if exception:
                    future.set_exception(exception)
                else:
                    future.set_result(None)
                awaken += 1

            if awaken >= count:
                break

    async def _refresh(self) -> None:
        error = self._max_ratelimit_timeout and self.reset_after > self._max_ratelimit_timeout
        exception = RateLimited(self.reset_after) if error else None
        async with self._sleeping:
            if not error:
                await asyncio.sleep(self.reset_after)

        self.reset()
        self._wake(self.remaining, exception=exception)

    def is_expired(self) -> bool:
        return self.expires is not None and self._loop.time() > self.expires

    def is_inactive(self) -> bool:
        delta = self._loop.time() - self._last_request
        return delta >= 300 and self.outgoing == 0 and len(self._pending_requests) == 0

    async def acquire(self) -> None:
        self._last_request = self._loop.time()
        if self.is_expired():
            self.reset()

        if self._max_ratelimit_timeout is not None and self.expires is not None:
            # Check if we can pre-emptively block this request for having too large of a timeout
            current_reset_after = self.expires - self._loop.time()
            if current_reset_after > self._max_ratelimit_timeout:
                raise RateLimited(current_reset_after)

        while self.remaining <= 0:
            future = self._loop.create_future()
            self._pending_requests.append(future)
            try:
                await future
            except:
                future.cancel()
                if self.remaining > 0 and not future.cancelled():
                    self._wake_next()
                raise

        self.remaining -= 1
        self.outgoing += 1

    async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:
        await self.acquire()
        return self

    async def __aexit__(self, type: Type[BE], value: BE, traceback: TracebackType) -> None:
        self.outgoing -= 1
        tokens = self.remaining - self.outgoing
        # Check whether the rate limit needs to be pre-emptively slept on
        # Note that this is a Lock to prevent multiple rate limit objects from sleeping at once
        if not self._sleeping.locked():
            if tokens <= 0:
                await self._refresh()
            elif self._pending_requests:
                exception = (
                    RateLimited(self.reset_after)
                    if self._max_ratelimit_timeout and self.reset_after > self._max_ratelimit_timeout
                    else None
                )
                self._wake(tokens, exception=exception)


# For some reason, the Discord voice websocket expects this header to be
# completely lowercase while aiohttp respects spec and does it as case-insensitive
aiohttp.hdrs.WEBSOCKET = 'websocket'  # type: ignore


class HTTPClient:
    """Represents an HTTP client sending HTTP requests to the Discord API."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop,
        connector: Optional[aiohttp.BaseConnector] = None,
        *,
        proxy: Optional[str] = None,
        proxy_auth: Optional[aiohttp.BasicAuth] = None,
        unsync_clock: bool = True,
        http_trace: Optional[aiohttp.TraceConfig] = None,
        max_ratelimit_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = loop
        self.connector: aiohttp.BaseConnector = connector or MISSING
        self.__session: aiohttp.ClientSession = MISSING  # filled in static_login
        # Route key -> Bucket hash
        self._bucket_hashes: Dict[str, str] = {}
        # Bucket Hash + Major Parameters -> Rate limit
        # or
        # Route key + Major Parameters -> Rate limit
        # When the key is the latter, it is used for temporary
        # one shot requests that don't have a bucket hash
        # When this reaches 256 elements, it will try to evict based off of expiry
        self._buckets: Dict[str, Ratelimit] = {}
        self._global_over: asyncio.Event = MISSING
        self.token: Optional[str] = None
        self.proxy: Optional[str] = proxy
        self.proxy_auth: Optional[aiohttp.BasicAuth] = proxy_auth
        self.http_trace: Optional[aiohttp.TraceConfig] = http_trace
        self.use_clock: bool = not unsync_clock
        self.max_ratelimit_timeout: Optional[float] = max(30.0, max_ratelimit_timeout) if max_ratelimit_timeout else None

        user_agent = 'DiscordBot (https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py {0}) Python/{1[0]}.{1[1]} aiohttp/{2}'
        self.user_agent: str = user_agent.format(__version__, sys.version_info, aiohttp.__version__)

    def clear(self) -> None:
        if self.__session and self.__session.closed:
            self.__session = MISSING

    async def ws_connect(self, url: str, *, compress: int = 0) -> aiohttp.ClientWebSocketResponse:
        kwargs = {
            'proxy_auth': self.proxy_auth,
            'proxy': self.proxy,
            'max_msg_size': 0,
            'timeout': 30.0,
            'autoclose': False,
            'headers': {
                'User-Agent': self.user_agent,
            },
            'compress': compress,
        }

        return await self.__session.ws_connect(url, **kwargs)

    def _try_clear_expired_ratelimits(self) -> None:
        if len(self._buckets) < 256:
            return

        keys = [key for key, bucket in self._buckets.items() if bucket.is_inactive()]
        for key in keys:
            del self._buckets[key]

    def get_ratelimit(self, key: str) -> Ratelimit:
        try:
            value = self._buckets[key]
        except KeyError:
            self._buckets[key] = value = Ratelimit(self.max_ratelimit_timeout)
            self._try_clear_expired_ratelimits()
        return value

    async def request(
        self,
        route: Route,
        *,
        files: Optional[Sequence[File]] = None,
        form: Optional[Iterable[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Any:
        method = route.method
        url = route.url
        route_key = route.key

        bucket_hash = None
        try:
            bucket_hash = self._bucket_hashes[route_key]
        except KeyError:
            key = f'{route_key}:{route.major_parameters}'
        else:
            key = f'{bucket_hash}:{route.major_parameters}'

        ratelimit = self.get_ratelimit(key)

        # header creation
        headers: Dict[str, str] = {
            'User-Agent': self.user_agent,
        }

        if self.token is not None:
            headers['Authorization'] = 'Bot ' + self.token
        # some checking if it's a JSON request
        if 'json' in kwargs:
            headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
            kwargs['data'] = utils._to_json(kwargs.pop('json'))

        try:
            reason = kwargs.pop('reason')
        except KeyError:
            pass
        else:
            if reason:
                headers['X-Audit-Log-Reason'] = _uriquote(reason, safe='/ ')

        kwargs['headers'] = headers

        # Proxy support
        if self.proxy is not None:
            kwargs['proxy'] = self.proxy
        if self.proxy_auth is not None:
            kwargs['proxy_auth'] = self.proxy_auth

        if not self._global_over.is_set():
            # wait until the global lock is complete
            await self._global_over.wait()

        response: Optional[aiohttp.ClientResponse] = None
        data: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], str]] = None
        async with ratelimit:
            for tries in range(5):
                if files:
                    for f in files:
                        f.reset(seek=tries)

                if form:
                    # with quote_fields=True '[' and ']' in file field names are escaped, which discord does not support
                    form_data = aiohttp.FormData(quote_fields=False)
                    for params in form:
                        form_data.add_field(**params)
                    kwargs['data'] = form_data

                try:
                    async with self.__session.request(method, url, **kwargs) as response:
                        _log.debug('%s %s with %s has returned %s', method, url, kwargs.get('data'), response.status)

                        # even errors have text involved in them so this is safe to call
                        data = await json_or_text(response)

                        # Update and use rate limit information if the bucket header is present
                        discord_hash = response.headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Bucket')
                        # I am unsure if X-Ratelimit-Bucket is always available
                        # However, X-Ratelimit-Remaining has been a consistent cornerstone that worked
                        has_ratelimit_headers = 'X-Ratelimit-Remaining' in response.headers
                        if discord_hash is not None:
                            # If the hash Discord has provided is somehow different from our current hash something changed
                            if bucket_hash != discord_hash:
                                if bucket_hash is not None:
                                    # If the previous hash was an actual Discord hash then this means the
                                    # hash has changed sporadically.
                                    # This can be due to two reasons
                                    # 1. It's a sub-ratelimit which is hard to handle
                                    # 2. The rate limit information genuinely changed
                                    # There is no good way to discern these, Discord doesn't provide a way to do so.
                                    # At best, there will be some form of logging to help catch it.
                                    # Alternating sub-ratelimits means that the requests oscillate between
                                    # different underlying rate limits -- this can lead to unexpected 429s
                                    # It is unavoidable.
                                    fmt = 'A route (%s) has changed hashes: %s -> %s.'
                                    _log.debug(fmt, route_key, bucket_hash, discord_hash)

                                    self._bucket_hashes[route_key] = discord_hash
                                    recalculated_key = discord_hash + route.major_parameters
                                    self._buckets[recalculated_key] = ratelimit
                                    self._buckets.pop(key, None)
                                elif route_key not in self._bucket_hashes:
                                    fmt = '%s has found its initial rate limit bucket hash (%s).'
                                    _log.debug(fmt, route_key, discord_hash)
                                    self._bucket_hashes[route_key] = discord_hash
                                    self._buckets[discord_hash + route.major_parameters] = ratelimit

                        if has_ratelimit_headers:
                            if response.status != 429:
                                ratelimit.update(response, use_clock=self.use_clock)
                                if ratelimit.remaining == 0:
                                    _log.debug(
                                        'A rate limit bucket (%s) has been exhausted. Pre-emptively rate limiting...',
                                        discord_hash or route_key,
                                    )

                        # the request was successful so just return the text/json
                        if 300 > response.status >= 200:
                            _log.debug('%s %s has received %s', method, url, data)
                            return data

                        # we are being rate limited
                        if response.status == 429:
                            if not response.headers.get('Via') or isinstance(data, str):
                                # Banned by Cloudflare more than likely.
                                raise HTTPException(response, data)

                            if ratelimit.remaining > 0:
                                # According to night
                                # https://github.com/discord/discord-api-docs/issues/2190#issuecomment-816363129
                                # Remaining > 0 and 429 means that a sub ratelimit was hit.
                                # It is unclear what should happen in these cases other than just using the retry_after
                                # value in the body.
                                _log.debug(
                                    '%s %s received a 429 despite having %s remaining requests. This is a sub-ratelimit.',
                                    method,
                                    url,
                                    ratelimit.remaining,
                                )

                            retry_after: float = data['retry_after']
                            if self.max_ratelimit_timeout and retry_after > self.max_ratelimit_timeout:
                                _log.warning(
                                    'We are being rate limited. %s %s responded with 429. Timeout of %.2f was too long, erroring instead.',
                                    method,
                                    url,
                                    retry_after,
                                )
                                raise RateLimited(retry_after)

                            fmt = 'We are being rate limited. %s %s responded with 429. Retrying in %.2f seconds.'
                            _log.warning(fmt, method, url, retry_after)

                            _log.debug(
                                'Rate limit is being handled by bucket hash %s with %r major parameters',
                                bucket_hash,
                                route.major_parameters,
                            )

                            # check if it's a global rate limit
                            is_global = data.get('global', False)
                            if is_global:
                                _log.warning('Global rate limit has been hit. Retrying in %.2f seconds.', retry_after)
                                self._global_over.clear()

                            await asyncio.sleep(retry_after)
                            _log.debug('Done sleeping for the rate limit. Retrying...')

                            # release the global lock now that the
                            # global rate limit has passed
                            if is_global:
                                self._global_over.set()
                                _log.debug('Global rate limit is now over.')

                            continue

                        # we've received a 500, 502, 504, or 524, unconditional retry
                        if response.status in {500, 502, 504, 524}:
                            await asyncio.sleep(1 + tries * 2)
                            continue

                        # the usual error cases
                        if response.status == 403:
                            raise Forbidden(response, data)
                        elif response.status == 404:
                            raise NotFound(response, data)
                        elif response.status >= 500:
                            raise DiscordServerError(response, data)
                        else:
                            raise HTTPException(response, data)

                # This is handling exceptions from the request
                except OSError as e:
                    # Connection reset by peer
                    if tries < 4 and e.errno in (54, 10054):
                        await asyncio.sleep(1 + tries * 2)
                        continue
                    raise

            if response is not None:
                # We've run out of retries, raise.
                if response.status >= 500:
                    raise DiscordServerError(response, data)

                raise HTTPException(response, data)

            raise RuntimeError('Unreachable code in HTTP handling')

    async def get_from_cdn(self, url: str) -> bytes:
        kwargs = {}

        # Proxy support
        if self.proxy is not None:
            kwargs['proxy'] = self.proxy
        if self.proxy_auth is not None:
            kwargs['proxy_auth'] = self.proxy_auth

        async with self.__session.get(url, **kwargs) as resp:
            if resp.status == 200:
                return await resp.read()
            elif resp.status == 404:
                raise NotFound(resp, 'asset not found')
            elif resp.status == 403:
                raise Forbidden(resp, 'cannot retrieve asset')
            else:
                raise HTTPException(resp, 'failed to get asset')

        raise RuntimeError('Unreachable')

    # state management

    async def close(self) -> None:
        if self.__session:
            await self.__session.close()

    # login management

    async def static_login(self, token: str) -> user.User:
        # Necessary to get aiohttp to stop complaining about session creation
        if self.connector is MISSING:
            self.connector = aiohttp.TCPConnector(limit=0)

        self.__session = aiohttp.ClientSession(
            connector=self.connector,
            ws_response_class=DiscordClientWebSocketResponse,
            trace_configs=None if self.http_trace is None else [self.http_trace],
            cookie_jar=aiohttp.DummyCookieJar(),
        )
        self._global_over = asyncio.Event()
        self._global_over.set()

        old_token = self.token
        self.token = token

        try:
            data = await self.request(Route('GET', '/users/@me'))
        except HTTPException as exc:
            self.token = old_token
            if exc.status == 401:
                raise LoginFailure('Improper token has been passed.') from exc
            raise

        return data

    def logout(self) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('POST', '/auth/logout'))

    # Group functionality

    def start_group(self, user_id: Snowflake, recipients: List[int]) -> Response[channel.GroupDMChannel]:
        payload = {
            'recipients': recipients,
        }

        return self.request(Route('POST', '/users/{user_id}/channels', user_id=user_id), json=payload)

    def leave_group(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id))

    # Message management

    def start_private_message(self, user_id: Snowflake) -> Response[channel.DMChannel]:
        payload = {
            'recipient_id': user_id,
        }

        return self.request(Route('POST', '/users/@me/channels'), json=payload)

    def send_message(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        params: MultipartParameters,
    ) -> Response[message.Message]:
        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages', channel_id=channel_id)
        if params.files:
            return self.request(r, files=params.files, form=params.multipart)
        else:
            return self.request(r, json=params.payload)

    def send_typing(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/typing', channel_id=channel_id))

    def delete_message(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[None]:
        # Special case certain sub-rate limits
        # https://github.com/discord/discord-api-docs/issues/1092
        # https://github.com/discord/discord-api-docs/issues/1295
        difference = utils.utcnow() - utils.snowflake_time(int(message_id))
        metadata: Optional[str] = None
        if difference <= datetime.timedelta(seconds=10):
            metadata = 'sub-10-seconds'
        elif difference >= datetime.timedelta(days=14):
            metadata = 'older-than-two-weeks'
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
            metadata=metadata,
        )
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def delete_messages(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_ids: SnowflakeList, *, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/bulk-delete', channel_id=channel_id)
        payload = {
            'messages': message_ids,
        }

        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def edit_message(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, *, params: MultipartParameters
    ) -> Response[message.Message]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}', channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id)
        if params.files:
            return self.request(r, files=params.files, form=params.multipart)
        else:
            return self.request(r, json=params.payload)

    def add_reaction(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, emoji: str) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'PUT',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}/@me',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
            emoji=emoji,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def remove_reaction(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, emoji: str, member_id: Snowflake
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}/{member_id}',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
            member_id=member_id,
            emoji=emoji,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def remove_own_reaction(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, emoji: str) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}/@me',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
            emoji=emoji,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def get_reaction_users(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        message_id: Snowflake,
        emoji: str,
        limit: int,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        type: Optional[message.ReactionType] = None,
    ) -> Response[List[user.User]]:
        r = Route(
            'GET',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
            emoji=emoji,
        )

        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'limit': limit,
        }
        if after:
            params['after'] = after

        if type is not None:
            params['type'] = type

        return self.request(r, params=params)

    def clear_reactions(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
        )

        return self.request(r)

    def clear_single_reaction(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, emoji: str) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
            emoji=emoji,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def get_message(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake) -> Response[message.Message]:
        r = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}', channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id)
        return self.request(r)

    def get_channel(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[channel.Channel]:
        r = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id)
        return self.request(r)

    def logs_from(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        limit: int,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        around: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
    ) -> Response[List[message.Message]]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'limit': limit,
        }

        if before is not None:
            params['before'] = before
        if after is not None:
            params['after'] = after
        if around is not None:
            params['around'] = around

        return self.request(Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages', channel_id=channel_id), params=params)

    def publish_message(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake) -> Response[message.Message]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'POST',
                '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/crosspost',
                channel_id=channel_id,
                message_id=message_id,
            )
        )

    def pin_message(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'PUT',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/pins/{message_id}',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def unpin_message(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/channels/{channel_id}/pins/{message_id}',
            channel_id=channel_id,
            message_id=message_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def pins_from(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[message.Message]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/pins', channel_id=channel_id))

    # Member management

    def kick(self, user_id: Snowflake, guild_id: Snowflake, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def ban(
        self,
        user_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        delete_message_seconds: int = 86400,  # one day
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('PUT', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bans/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
        params = {
            'delete_message_seconds': delete_message_seconds,
        }

        return self.request(r, params=params, reason=reason)

    def unban(self, user_id: Snowflake, guild_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bans/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def bulk_ban(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        user_ids: List[Snowflake],
        delete_message_seconds: int = 86400,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[guild.BulkBanUserResponse]:
        r = Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bulk-ban', guild_id=guild_id)
        payload = {
            'user_ids': user_ids,
            'delete_message_seconds': delete_message_seconds,
        }
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def guild_voice_state(
        self,
        user_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        mute: Optional[bool] = None,
        deafen: Optional[bool] = None,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[member.Member]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
        payload = {}
        if mute is not None:
            payload['mute'] = mute

        if deafen is not None:
            payload['deaf'] = deafen

        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def edit_profile(self, payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Response[user.User]:
        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/users/@me'), json=payload)

    def change_my_nickname(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        nickname: str,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[member.Nickname]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/@me/nick', guild_id=guild_id)
        payload = {
            'nick': nickname,
        }
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def change_nickname(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        user_id: Snowflake,
        nickname: str,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[member.Member]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
        payload = {
            'nick': nickname,
        }
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def edit_my_voice_state(self, guild_id: Snowflake, payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/voice-states/@me', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def edit_voice_state(self, guild_id: Snowflake, user_id: Snowflake, payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/voice-states/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def edit_member(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        user_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
        **fields: Any,
    ) -> Response[member.MemberWithUser]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
        return self.request(r, json=fields, reason=reason)

    def get_my_voice_state(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[voice.GuildVoiceState]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/voice-states/@me', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_voice_state(self, guild_id: Snowflake, user_id: Snowflake) -> Response[voice.GuildVoiceState]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/voice-states/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id))

    # Channel management

    def edit_channel(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
        **options: Any,
    ) -> Response[channel.Channel]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/channels/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id)
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'parent_id',
            'topic',
            'bitrate',
            'nsfw',
            'user_limit',
            'position',
            'permission_overwrites',
            'rate_limit_per_user',
            'type',
            'rtc_region',
            'video_quality_mode',
            'archived',
            'auto_archive_duration',
            'locked',
            'invitable',
            'default_auto_archive_duration',
            'flags',
            'default_thread_rate_limit_per_user',
            'default_reaction_emoji',
            'available_tags',
            'applied_tags',
            'default_forum_layout',
            'default_sort_order',
        )

        payload = {k: v for k, v in options.items() if k in valid_keys}
        return self.request(r, reason=reason, json=payload)

    def edit_voice_channel_status(
        self, status: Optional[str], *, channel_id: int, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('PUT', '/channels/{channel_id}/voice-status', channel_id=channel_id)
        payload = {'status': status}
        return self.request(r, reason=reason, json=payload)

    def bulk_channel_update(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        data: List[guild.ChannelPositionUpdate],
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/channels', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, json=data, reason=reason)

    def create_channel(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        channel_type: channel.ChannelType,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
        **options: Any,
    ) -> Response[channel.GuildChannel]:
        payload = {
            'type': channel_type,
        }

        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'parent_id',
            'topic',
            'bitrate',
            'nsfw',
            'user_limit',
            'position',
            'permission_overwrites',
            'rate_limit_per_user',
            'rtc_region',
            'video_quality_mode',
            'default_auto_archive_duration',
            'default_thread_rate_limit_per_user',
            'default_sort_order',
            'default_reaction_emoji',
            'default_forum_layout',
            'available_tags',
        )
        payload.update({k: v for k, v in options.items() if k in valid_keys and v is not None})

        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/channels', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def delete_channel(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id), reason=reason)

    # Thread management

    def start_thread_with_message(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        message_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        name: str,
        auto_archive_duration: threads.ThreadArchiveDuration,
        rate_limit_per_user: Optional[int] = None,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[threads.Thread]:
        payload = {
            'name': name,
            'auto_archive_duration': auto_archive_duration,
            'rate_limit_per_user': rate_limit_per_user,
        }

        route = Route(
            'POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/threads', channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id
        )
        return self.request(route, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def start_thread_without_message(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        name: str,
        auto_archive_duration: threads.ThreadArchiveDuration,
        type: threads.ThreadType,
        invitable: bool = True,
        rate_limit_per_user: Optional[int] = None,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[threads.Thread]:
        payload = {
            'name': name,
            'auto_archive_duration': auto_archive_duration,
            'type': type,
            'invitable': invitable,
            'rate_limit_per_user': rate_limit_per_user,
        }

        route = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/threads', channel_id=channel_id)
        return self.request(route, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def start_thread_in_forum(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        params: MultipartParameters,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[threads.ForumThread]:
        query = {'use_nested_fields': 1}
        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/threads', channel_id=channel_id)
        if params.files:
            return self.request(r, files=params.files, form=params.multipart, params=query, reason=reason)
        else:
            return self.request(r, json=params.payload, params=query, reason=reason)

    def join_thread(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/thread-members/@me', channel_id=channel_id))

    def add_user_to_thread(self, channel_id: Snowflake, user_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route('PUT', '/channels/{channel_id}/thread-members/{user_id}', channel_id=channel_id, user_id=user_id)
        )

    def leave_thread(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/thread-members/@me', channel_id=channel_id))

    def remove_user_from_thread(self, channel_id: Snowflake, user_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        route = Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/thread-members/{user_id}', channel_id=channel_id, user_id=user_id)
        return self.request(route)

    def get_public_archived_threads(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, before: Optional[Snowflake] = None, limit: int = 50
    ) -> Response[threads.ThreadPaginationPayload]:
        route = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/threads/archived/public', channel_id=channel_id)

        params = {}
        if before:
            params['before'] = before
        params['limit'] = limit
        return self.request(route, params=params)

    def get_private_archived_threads(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, before: Optional[Snowflake] = None, limit: int = 50
    ) -> Response[threads.ThreadPaginationPayload]:
        route = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/threads/archived/private', channel_id=channel_id)

        params = {}
        if before:
            params['before'] = before
        params['limit'] = limit
        return self.request(route, params=params)

    def get_joined_private_archived_threads(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, before: Optional[Snowflake] = None, limit: int = 50
    ) -> Response[threads.ThreadPaginationPayload]:
        route = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/users/@me/threads/archived/private', channel_id=channel_id)
        params = {}
        if before:
            params['before'] = before
        params['limit'] = limit
        return self.request(route, params=params)

    def get_active_threads(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[threads.ThreadPaginationPayload]:
        route = Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/threads/active', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(route)

    def get_thread_member(self, channel_id: Snowflake, user_id: Snowflake) -> Response[threads.ThreadMember]:
        route = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/thread-members/{user_id}', channel_id=channel_id, user_id=user_id)
        return self.request(route)

    def get_thread_members(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[threads.ThreadMember]]:
        route = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/thread-members', channel_id=channel_id)
        return self.request(route)

    # Webhook management

    def create_webhook(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        name: str,
        avatar: Optional[bytes] = None,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[webhook.Webhook]:
        payload: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'name': name,
        }
        if avatar is not None:
            payload['avatar'] = avatar

        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/webhooks', channel_id=channel_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def channel_webhooks(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[webhook.Webhook]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/webhooks', channel_id=channel_id))

    def guild_webhooks(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[webhook.Webhook]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/webhooks', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_webhook(self, webhook_id: Snowflake) -> Response[webhook.Webhook]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}', webhook_id=webhook_id))

    def follow_webhook(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        webhook_channel_id: Snowflake,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        payload = {
            'webhook_channel_id': str(webhook_channel_id),
        }
        return self.request(
            Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/followers', channel_id=channel_id), json=payload, reason=reason
        )

    # Guild management

    def get_guilds(
        self,
        limit: int,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        with_counts: bool = True,
    ) -> Response[List[guild.Guild]]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'limit': limit,
            'with_counts': int(with_counts),
        }

        if before:
            params['before'] = before
        if after:
            params['after'] = after

        return self.request(Route('GET', '/users/@me/guilds'), params=params)

    def leave_guild(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/users/@me/guilds/{guild_id}', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_guild(self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, with_counts: bool = True) -> Response[guild.Guild]:
        params = {'with_counts': int(with_counts)}
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}', guild_id=guild_id), params=params)

    def get_guild_preview(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[guild.GuildPreview]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/preview', guild_id=guild_id))

    def delete_guild(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}', guild_id=guild_id))

    def create_guild(self, name: str, icon: Optional[str]) -> Response[guild.Guild]:
        payload = {
            'name': name,
        }
        if icon:
            payload['icon'] = icon

        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds'), json=payload)

    def edit_guild(self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, **fields: Any) -> Response[guild.Guild]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'region',
            'icon',
            'afk_timeout',
            'owner_id',
            'afk_channel_id',
            'splash',
            'discovery_splash',
            'features',
            'verification_level',
            'system_channel_id',
            'default_message_notifications',
            'description',
            'explicit_content_filter',
            'banner',
            'system_channel_flags',
            'rules_channel_id',
            'public_updates_channel_id',
            'preferred_locale',
            'premium_progress_bar_enabled',
            'safety_alerts_channel_id',
        )

        payload = {k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in valid_keys}

        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def edit_guild_mfa_level(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, mfa_level: int, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[guild.GuildMFALevel]:
        payload = {'level': mfa_level}
        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/mfa', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def get_template(self, code: str) -> Response[template.Template]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/templates/{code}', code=code))

    def guild_templates(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[template.Template]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/templates', guild_id=guild_id))

    def create_template(self, guild_id: Snowflake, payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Response[template.Template]:
        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/templates', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload)

    def sync_template(self, guild_id: Snowflake, code: str) -> Response[template.Template]:
        return self.request(Route('PUT', '/guilds/{guild_id}/templates/{code}', guild_id=guild_id, code=code))

    def edit_template(self, guild_id: Snowflake, code: str, payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Response[template.Template]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'description',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}
        return self.request(
            Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/templates/{code}', guild_id=guild_id, code=code), json=payload
        )

    def delete_template(self, guild_id: Snowflake, code: str) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/templates/{code}', guild_id=guild_id, code=code))

    def create_from_template(self, code: str, name: str, icon: Optional[str]) -> Response[guild.Guild]:
        payload = {
            'name': name,
        }
        if icon:
            payload['icon'] = icon
        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds/templates/{code}', code=code), json=payload)

    def get_bans(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        limit: int,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
    ) -> Response[List[guild.Ban]]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'limit': limit,
        }
        if before is not None:
            params['before'] = before
        if after is not None:
            params['after'] = after

        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bans', guild_id=guild_id), params=params)

    def get_welcome_screen(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[welcome_screen.WelcomeScreen]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/welcome-screen', guild_id=guild_id))

    def edit_welcome_screen(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, **fields: Any
    ) -> Response[welcome_screen.WelcomeScreen]:
        valid_keys = (
            'description',
            'welcome_channels',
            'enabled',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in valid_keys}
        return self.request(
            Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/welcome-screen', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason
        )

    def get_ban(self, user_id: Snowflake, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[guild.Ban]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bans/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id))

    def get_vanity_code(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[invite.VanityInvite]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/vanity-url', guild_id=guild_id))

    def change_vanity_code(self, guild_id: Snowflake, code: str, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        payload: Dict[str, Any] = {'code': code}
        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/vanity-url', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def get_all_guild_channels(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[guild.GuildChannel]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/channels', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_members(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, limit: int, after: Optional[Snowflake]
    ) -> Response[List[member.MemberWithUser]]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'limit': limit,
        }
        if after:
            params['after'] = after

        r = Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, params=params)

    def get_member(self, guild_id: Snowflake, member_id: Snowflake) -> Response[member.MemberWithUser]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{member_id}', guild_id=guild_id, member_id=member_id))

    def prune_members(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        days: int,
        compute_prune_count: bool,
        roles: Iterable[str],
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[guild.GuildPrune]:
        payload: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'days': days,
            'compute_prune_count': 'true' if compute_prune_count else 'false',
        }
        if roles:
            payload['include_roles'] = ', '.join(roles)

        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/prune', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def estimate_pruned_members(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        days: int,
        roles: Iterable[str],
    ) -> Response[guild.GuildPrune]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'days': days,
        }
        if roles:
            params['include_roles'] = ', '.join(roles)

        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/prune', guild_id=guild_id), params=params)

    def get_sticker(self, sticker_id: Snowflake) -> Response[sticker.Sticker]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/stickers/{sticker_id}', sticker_id=sticker_id))

    def get_sticker_pack(self, sticker_pack_id: Snowflake) -> Response[sticker.StickerPack]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/sticker-packs/{sticker_pack_id}', sticker_pack_id=sticker_pack_id))

    def list_premium_sticker_packs(self) -> Response[sticker.ListPremiumStickerPacks]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/sticker-packs'))

    def get_all_guild_stickers(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[sticker.GuildSticker]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/stickers', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_guild_sticker(self, guild_id: Snowflake, sticker_id: Snowflake) -> Response[sticker.GuildSticker]:
        return self.request(
            Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/stickers/{sticker_id}', guild_id=guild_id, sticker_id=sticker_id)
        )

    def create_guild_sticker(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, payload: Dict[str, Any], file: File, reason: Optional[str]
    ) -> Response[sticker.GuildSticker]:
        initial_bytes = file.fp.read(16)

        try:
            mime_type = utils._get_mime_type_for_image(initial_bytes)
        except ValueError:
            if initial_bytes.startswith(b'{'):
                mime_type = 'application/json'
            else:
                mime_type = 'application/octet-stream'
        finally:
            file.reset()

        form: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [
            {
                'name': 'file',
                'value': file.fp,
                'filename': file.filename,
                'content_type': mime_type,
            }
        ]

        for k, v in payload.items():
            form.append(
                {
                    'name': k,
                    'value': v,
                }
            )

        return self.request(
            Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/stickers', guild_id=guild_id), form=form, files=[file], reason=reason
        )

    def modify_guild_sticker(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        sticker_id: Snowflake,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
        reason: Optional[str],
    ) -> Response[sticker.GuildSticker]:
        return self.request(
            Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/stickers/{sticker_id}', guild_id=guild_id, sticker_id=sticker_id),
            json=payload,
            reason=reason,
        )

    def delete_guild_sticker(self, guild_id: Snowflake, sticker_id: Snowflake, reason: Optional[str]) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/stickers/{sticker_id}', guild_id=guild_id, sticker_id=sticker_id),
            reason=reason,
        )

    def get_all_custom_emojis(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[emoji.Emoji]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_custom_emoji(self, guild_id: Snowflake, emoji_id: Snowflake) -> Response[emoji.Emoji]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}', guild_id=guild_id, emoji_id=emoji_id))

    def create_custom_emoji(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        name: str,
        image: str,
        *,
        roles: Optional[SnowflakeList] = None,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[emoji.Emoji]:
        payload = {
            'name': name,
            'image': image,
            'roles': roles or [],
        }

        r = Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def delete_custom_emoji(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        emoji_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}', guild_id=guild_id, emoji_id=emoji_id)
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def edit_custom_emoji(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        emoji_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[emoji.Emoji]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}', guild_id=guild_id, emoji_id=emoji_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def get_all_integrations(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[integration.Integration]]:
        r = Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/integrations', guild_id=guild_id)

        return self.request(r)

    def create_integration(self, guild_id: Snowflake, type: integration.IntegrationType, id: int) -> Response[None]:
        payload = {
            'type': type,
            'id': id,
        }

        r = Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/integrations', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def edit_integration(self, guild_id: Snowflake, integration_id: Snowflake, **payload: Any) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/integrations/{integration_id}', guild_id=guild_id, integration_id=integration_id
        )

        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def sync_integration(self, guild_id: Snowflake, integration_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/integrations/{integration_id}/sync', guild_id=guild_id, integration_id=integration_id
        )

        return self.request(r)

    def delete_integration(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, integration_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/integrations/{integration_id}', guild_id=guild_id, integration_id=integration_id
        )

        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def get_audit_logs(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        limit: int = 100,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        user_id: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        action_type: Optional[audit_log.AuditLogEvent] = None,
    ) -> Response[audit_log.AuditLog]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {'limit': limit}
        if before:
            params['before'] = before
        if after is not None:
            params['after'] = after
        if user_id:
            params['user_id'] = user_id
        if action_type:
            params['action_type'] = action_type

        r = Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/audit-logs', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, params=params)

    def get_widget(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[widget.Widget]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/widget.json', guild_id=guild_id))

    def edit_widget(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, payload: widget.EditWidgetSettings, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[widget.WidgetSettings]:
        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/widget', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def edit_incident_actions(self, guild_id: Snowflake, payload: guild.IncidentData) -> Response[guild.IncidentData]:
        return self.request(Route('PUT', '/guilds/{guild_id}/incident-actions', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload)

    # Invite management

    def create_invite(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
        max_age: int = 0,
        max_uses: int = 0,
        temporary: bool = False,
        unique: bool = True,
        target_type: Optional[invite.InviteTargetType] = None,
        target_user_id: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        target_application_id: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
    ) -> Response[invite.Invite]:
        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/invites', channel_id=channel_id)
        payload = {
            'max_age': max_age,
            'max_uses': max_uses,
            'temporary': temporary,
            'unique': unique,
        }

        if target_type:
            payload['target_type'] = target_type

        if target_user_id:
            payload['target_user_id'] = target_user_id

        if target_application_id:
            payload['target_application_id'] = str(target_application_id)

        return self.request(r, reason=reason, json=payload)

    def get_invite(
        self,
        invite_id: str,
        *,
        with_counts: bool = True,
        with_expiration: bool = True,
        guild_scheduled_event_id: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
    ) -> Response[invite.Invite]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'with_counts': int(with_counts),
            'with_expiration': int(with_expiration),
        }

        if guild_scheduled_event_id:
            params['guild_scheduled_event_id'] = guild_scheduled_event_id

        return self.request(Route('GET', '/invites/{invite_id}', invite_id=invite_id), params=params)

    def invites_from(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[invite.Invite]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/invites', guild_id=guild_id))

    def invites_from_channel(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[invite.Invite]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/invites', channel_id=channel_id))

    def delete_invite(self, invite_id: str, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/invites/{invite_id}', invite_id=invite_id), reason=reason)

    # Role management

    def get_roles(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[role.Role]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_role(self, guild_id: Snowflake, role_id: Snowflake) -> Response[role.Role]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles/{role_id}', guild_id=guild_id, role_id=role_id))

    def edit_role(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, role_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, **fields: Any
    ) -> Response[role.Role]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles/{role_id}', guild_id=guild_id, role_id=role_id)
        valid_keys = ('name', 'permissions', 'color', 'hoist', 'icon', 'unicode_emoji', 'mentionable')
        payload = {k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in valid_keys}
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def delete_role(self, guild_id: Snowflake, role_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles/{role_id}', guild_id=guild_id, role_id=role_id)
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def replace_roles(
        self,
        user_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        role_ids: List[int],
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[member.MemberWithUser]:
        return self.edit_member(guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id, roles=role_ids, reason=reason)

    def create_role(self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, **fields: Any) -> Response[role.Role]:
        r = Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, json=fields, reason=reason)

    def move_role_position(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        positions: List[guild.RolePositionUpdate],
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[List[role.Role]]:
        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles', guild_id=guild_id)
        return self.request(r, json=positions, reason=reason)

    def add_role(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, user_id: Snowflake, role_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'PUT',
            '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}/roles/{role_id}',
            guild_id=guild_id,
            user_id=user_id,
            role_id=role_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def remove_role(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, user_id: Snowflake, role_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}/roles/{role_id}',
            guild_id=guild_id,
            user_id=user_id,
            role_id=role_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    def edit_channel_permissions(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        target: Snowflake,
        allow: str,
        deny: str,
        type: channel.OverwriteType,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        payload = {'id': target, 'allow': allow, 'deny': deny, 'type': type}
        r = Route('PUT', '/channels/{channel_id}/permissions/{target}', channel_id=channel_id, target=target)
        return self.request(r, json=payload, reason=reason)

    def delete_channel_permissions(
        self, channel_id: Snowflake, target: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/permissions/{target}', channel_id=channel_id, target=target)
        return self.request(r, reason=reason)

    # Voice management

    def move_member(
        self,
        user_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[member.MemberWithUser]:
        return self.edit_member(guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id, channel_id=channel_id, reason=reason)

    # Stage instance management

    def get_stage_instance(self, channel_id: Snowflake) -> Response[channel.StageInstance]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/stage-instances/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id))

    def create_stage_instance(self, *, reason: Optional[str], **payload: Any) -> Response[channel.StageInstance]:
        valid_keys = (
            'channel_id',
            'topic',
            'privacy_level',
            'send_start_notification',
            'guild_scheduled_event_id',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}

        return self.request(Route('POST', '/stage-instances'), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def edit_stage_instance(self, channel_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, **payload: Any) -> Response[None]:
        valid_keys = (
            'topic',
            'privacy_level',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}

        return self.request(
            Route('PATCH', '/stage-instances/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id), json=payload, reason=reason
        )

    def delete_stage_instance(self, channel_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/stage-instances/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id), reason=reason)

    # Guild scheduled event management

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_events(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: Literal[True]
    ) -> Response[List[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEventWithUserCount]]:
        ...

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_events(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: Literal[False]
    ) -> Response[List[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEvent]]:
        ...

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_events(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: bool
    ) -> Union[
        Response[List[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEventWithUserCount]], Response[List[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEvent]]
    ]:
        ...

    def get_scheduled_events(self, guild_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: bool) -> Response[Any]:
        params = {'with_user_count': int(with_user_count)}
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/scheduled-events', guild_id=guild_id), params=params)

    def create_guild_scheduled_event(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, **payload: Any
    ) -> Response[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEvent]:
        valid_keys = (
            'channel_id',
            'entity_metadata',
            'name',
            'privacy_level',
            'scheduled_start_time',
            'scheduled_end_time',
            'description',
            'entity_type',
            'image',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}

        return self.request(
            Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/scheduled-events', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason
        )

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_event(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: Literal[True]
    ) -> Response[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEventWithUserCount]:
        ...

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_event(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: Literal[False]
    ) -> Response[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEvent]:
        ...

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_event(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: bool
    ) -> Union[Response[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEventWithUserCount], Response[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEvent]]:
        ...

    def get_scheduled_event(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake, with_user_count: bool
    ) -> Response[Any]:
        params = {'with_user_count': int(with_user_count)}
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'GET',
                '/guilds/{guild_id}/scheduled-events/{guild_scheduled_event_id}',
                guild_id=guild_id,
                guild_scheduled_event_id=guild_scheduled_event_id,
            ),
            params=params,
        )

    def edit_scheduled_event(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, **payload: Any
    ) -> Response[scheduled_event.GuildScheduledEvent]:
        valid_keys = (
            'channel_id',
            'entity_metadata',
            'name',
            'privacy_level',
            'scheduled_start_time',
            'scheduled_end_time',
            'status',
            'description',
            'entity_type',
            'image',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}

        return self.request(
            Route(
                'PATCH',
                '/guilds/{guild_id}/scheduled-events/{guild_scheduled_event_id}',
                guild_id=guild_id,
                guild_scheduled_event_id=guild_scheduled_event_id,
            ),
            json=payload,
            reason=reason,
        )

    def delete_scheduled_event(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        reason: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'DELETE',
                '/guilds/{guild_id}/scheduled-events/{guild_scheduled_event_id}',
                guild_id=guild_id,
                guild_scheduled_event_id=guild_scheduled_event_id,
            ),
            reason=reason,
        )

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_event_users(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake,
        limit: int,
        with_member: Literal[True],
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = ...,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = ...,
    ) -> Response[scheduled_event.ScheduledEventUsersWithMember]:
        ...

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_event_users(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake,
        limit: int,
        with_member: Literal[False],
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = ...,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = ...,
    ) -> Response[scheduled_event.ScheduledEventUsers]:
        ...

    @overload
    def get_scheduled_event_users(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake,
        limit: int,
        with_member: bool,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = ...,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = ...,
    ) -> Union[Response[scheduled_event.ScheduledEventUsersWithMember], Response[scheduled_event.ScheduledEventUsers]]:
        ...

    def get_scheduled_event_users(
        self,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        guild_scheduled_event_id: Snowflake,
        limit: int,
        with_member: bool,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
    ) -> Response[Any]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {
            'limit': limit,
            'with_member': int(with_member),
        }

        if before is not None:
            params['before'] = before
        if after is not None:
            params['after'] = after

        return self.request(
            Route(
                'GET',
                '/guilds/{guild_id}/scheduled-events/{guild_scheduled_event_id}/users',
                guild_id=guild_id,
                guild_scheduled_event_id=guild_scheduled_event_id,
            ),
            params=params,
        )

    # Application commands (global)

    def get_global_commands(self, application_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[command.ApplicationCommand]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/applications/{application_id}/commands', application_id=application_id))

    def get_global_command(self, application_id: Snowflake, command_id: Snowflake) -> Response[command.ApplicationCommand]:
        r = Route(
            'GET',
            '/applications/{application_id}/commands/{command_id}',
            application_id=application_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def upsert_global_command(
        self, application_id: Snowflake, payload: command.ApplicationCommand
    ) -> Response[command.ApplicationCommand]:
        r = Route('POST', '/applications/{application_id}/commands', application_id=application_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def edit_global_command(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        command_id: Snowflake,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> Response[command.ApplicationCommand]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'description',
            'options',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}
        r = Route(
            'PATCH',
            '/applications/{application_id}/commands/{command_id}',
            application_id=application_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def delete_global_command(self, application_id: Snowflake, command_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/applications/{application_id}/commands/{command_id}',
            application_id=application_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def bulk_upsert_global_commands(
        self, application_id: Snowflake, payload: List[Dict[str, Any]]
    ) -> Response[List[command.ApplicationCommand]]:
        r = Route('PUT', '/applications/{application_id}/commands', application_id=application_id)
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    # Application commands (guild)

    def get_guild_commands(
        self, application_id: Snowflake, guild_id: Snowflake
    ) -> Response[List[command.ApplicationCommand]]:
        r = Route(
            'GET',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def get_guild_command(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        command_id: Snowflake,
    ) -> Response[command.ApplicationCommand]:
        r = Route(
            'GET',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands/{command_id}',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def upsert_guild_command(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> Response[command.ApplicationCommand]:
        r = Route(
            'POST',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def edit_guild_command(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        command_id: Snowflake,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> Response[command.ApplicationCommand]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'description',
            'options',
        )
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}
        r = Route(
            'PATCH',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands/{command_id}',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def delete_guild_command(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        command_id: Snowflake,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'DELETE',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands/{command_id}',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def bulk_upsert_guild_commands(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        payload: List[Dict[str, Any]],
    ) -> Response[List[command.ApplicationCommand]]:
        r = Route(
            'PUT',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def get_guild_application_command_permissions(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
    ) -> Response[List[command.GuildApplicationCommandPermissions]]:
        r = Route(
            'GET',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands/permissions',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def get_application_command_permissions(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        command_id: Snowflake,
    ) -> Response[command.GuildApplicationCommandPermissions]:
        r = Route(
            'GET',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands/{command_id}/permissions',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r)

    def edit_application_command_permissions(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        guild_id: Snowflake,
        command_id: Snowflake,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> Response[None]:
        r = Route(
            'PUT',
            '/applications/{application_id}/guilds/{guild_id}/commands/{command_id}/permissions',
            application_id=application_id,
            guild_id=guild_id,
            command_id=command_id,
        )
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def get_auto_moderation_rules(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[automod.AutoModerationRule]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/auto-moderation/rules', guild_id=guild_id))

    def get_auto_moderation_rule(self, guild_id: Snowflake, rule_id: Snowflake) -> Response[automod.AutoModerationRule]:
        return self.request(
            Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/auto-moderation/rules/{rule_id}', guild_id=guild_id, rule_id=rule_id)
        )

    def create_auto_moderation_rule(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str], **payload: Any
    ) -> Response[automod.AutoModerationRule]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'event_type',
            'trigger_type',
            'trigger_metadata',
            'actions',
            'enabled',
            'exempt_roles',
            'exempt_channels',
        )

        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys and v is not None}

        return self.request(
            Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/auto-moderation/rules', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason
        )

    def edit_auto_moderation_rule(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, rule_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str], **payload: Any
    ) -> Response[automod.AutoModerationRule]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'event_type',
            'trigger_metadata',
            'actions',
            'enabled',
            'exempt_roles',
            'exempt_channels',
        )

        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys and v is not None}

        return self.request(
            Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/auto-moderation/rules/{rule_id}', guild_id=guild_id, rule_id=rule_id),
            json=payload,
            reason=reason,
        )

    def delete_auto_moderation_rule(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, rule_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str]
    ) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/auto-moderation/rules/{rule_id}', guild_id=guild_id, rule_id=rule_id),
            reason=reason,
        )

    # SKU

    def get_skus(self, application_id: Snowflake) -> Response[List[sku.SKU]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/applications/{application_id}/skus', application_id=application_id))

    def get_entitlements(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        user_id: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        sku_ids: Optional[SnowflakeList] = None,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
        guild_id: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        exclude_ended: Optional[bool] = None,
        exclude_deleted: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Response[List[sku.Entitlement]]:
        params: Dict[str, Any] = {}

        if user_id is not None:
            params['user_id'] = user_id
        if sku_ids is not None:
            params['sku_ids'] = ','.join(map(str, sku_ids))
        if before is not None:
            params['before'] = before
        if after is not None:
            params['after'] = after
        if limit is not None:
            params['limit'] = limit
        if guild_id is not None:
            params['guild_id'] = guild_id
        if exclude_ended is not None:
            params['exclude_ended'] = int(exclude_ended)
        if exclude_deleted is not None:
            params['exclude_deleted'] = int(exclude_deleted)

        return self.request(
            Route('GET', '/applications/{application_id}/entitlements', application_id=application_id), params=params
        )

    def get_entitlement(self, application_id: Snowflake, entitlement_id: Snowflake) -> Response[sku.Entitlement]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'GET',
                '/applications/{application_id}/entitlements/{entitlement_id}',
                application_id=application_id,
                entitlement_id=entitlement_id,
            ),
        )

    def consume_entitlement(self, application_id: Snowflake, entitlement_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'POST',
                '/applications/{application_id}/entitlements/{entitlement_id}/consume',
                application_id=application_id,
                entitlement_id=entitlement_id,
            ),
        )

    def create_entitlement(
        self, application_id: Snowflake, sku_id: Snowflake, owner_id: Snowflake, owner_type: sku.EntitlementOwnerType
    ) -> Response[sku.Entitlement]:
        payload = {
            'sku_id': sku_id,
            'owner_id': owner_id,
            'owner_type': owner_type,
        }

        return self.request(
            Route(
                'POST',
                '/applications/{application_id}/entitlements',
                application_id=application_id,
            ),
            json=payload,
        )

    def delete_entitlement(self, application_id: Snowflake, entitlement_id: Snowflake) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'DELETE',
                '/applications/{application_id}/entitlements/{entitlement_id}',
                application_id=application_id,
                entitlement_id=entitlement_id,
            ),
        )

    # Soundboard

    def get_soundboard_default_sounds(self) -> Response[List[soundboard.SoundboardDefaultSound]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/soundboard-default-sounds'))

    def get_soundboard_sound(self, guild_id: Snowflake, sound_id: Snowflake) -> Response[soundboard.SoundboardSound]:
        return self.request(
            Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/soundboard-sounds/{sound_id}', guild_id=guild_id, sound_id=sound_id)
        )

    def get_soundboard_sounds(self, guild_id: Snowflake) -> Response[Dict[str, List[soundboard.SoundboardSound]]]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/soundboard-sounds', guild_id=guild_id))

    def create_soundboard_sound(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str], **payload: Any
    ) -> Response[soundboard.SoundboardSound]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'sound',
            'volume',
            'emoji_id',
            'emoji_name',
        )

        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys and v is not None}

        return self.request(
            Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/soundboard-sounds', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload, reason=reason
        )

    def edit_soundboard_sound(
        self, guild_id: Snowflake, sound_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str], **payload: Any
    ) -> Response[soundboard.SoundboardSound]:
        valid_keys = (
            'name',
            'volume',
            'emoji_id',
            'emoji_name',
        )

        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}

        return self.request(
            Route(
                'PATCH',
                '/guilds/{guild_id}/soundboard-sounds/{sound_id}',
                guild_id=guild_id,
                sound_id=sound_id,
            ),
            json=payload,
            reason=reason,
        )

    def delete_soundboard_sound(self, guild_id: Snowflake, sound_id: Snowflake, *, reason: Optional[str]) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'DELETE',
                '/guilds/{guild_id}/soundboard-sounds/{sound_id}',
                guild_id=guild_id,
                sound_id=sound_id,
            ),
            reason=reason,
        )

    def send_soundboard_sound(self, channel_id: Snowflake, **payload: Any) -> Response[None]:
        valid_keys = ('sound_id', 'source_guild_id')
        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}
        return self.request(
            (Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/send-soundboard-sound', channel_id=channel_id)), json=payload
        )

    # Application

    def application_info(self) -> Response[appinfo.AppInfo]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/oauth2/applications/@me'))

    def edit_application_info(self, *, reason: Optional[str], payload: Any) -> Response[appinfo.AppInfo]:
        valid_keys = (
            'custom_install_url',
            'description',
            'role_connections_verification_url',
            'install_params',
            'flags',
            'icon',
            'cover_image',
            'interactions_endpoint_url ',
            'tags',
        )

        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if k in valid_keys}
        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/applications/@me'), json=payload, reason=reason)

    def get_application_emojis(self, application_id: Snowflake) -> Response[appinfo.ListAppEmojis]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/applications/{application_id}/emojis', application_id=application_id))

    def get_application_emoji(self, application_id: Snowflake, emoji_id: Snowflake) -> Response[emoji.Emoji]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'GET', '/applications/{application_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}', application_id=application_id, emoji_id=emoji_id
            )
        )

    def create_application_emoji(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        name: str,
        image: str,
    ) -> Response[emoji.Emoji]:
        payload = {
            'name': name,
            'image': image,
        }

        return self.request(
            Route('POST', '/applications/{application_id}/emojis', application_id=application_id), json=payload
        )

    def edit_application_emoji(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        emoji_id: Snowflake,
        *,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> Response[emoji.Emoji]:
        r = Route(
            'PATCH', '/applications/{application_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}', application_id=application_id, emoji_id=emoji_id
        )
        return self.request(r, json=payload)

    def delete_application_emoji(
        self,
        application_id: Snowflake,
        emoji_id: Snowflake,
    ) -> Response[None]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'DELETE',
                '/applications/{application_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}',
                application_id=application_id,
                emoji_id=emoji_id,
            )
        )

    # Poll

    def get_poll_answer_voters(
        self,
        channel_id: Snowflake,
        message_id: Snowflake,
        answer_id: Snowflake,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> Response[poll.PollAnswerVoters]:
        params = {}

        if after:
            params['after'] = int(after)

        if limit is not None:
            params['limit'] = limit

        return self.request(
            Route(
                'GET',
                '/channels/{channel_id}/polls/{message_id}/answers/{answer_id}',
                channel_id=channel_id,
                message_id=message_id,
                answer_id=answer_id,
            ),
            params=params,
        )

    def end_poll(self, channel_id: Snowflake, message_id: Snowflake) -> Response[message.Message]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'POST',
                '/channels/{channel_id}/polls/{message_id}/expire',
                channel_id=channel_id,
                message_id=message_id,
            )
        )

    # Subscriptions

    def list_sku_subscriptions(
        self,
        sku_id: Snowflake,
        before: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        after: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
        limit: Optional[int] = None,
        user_id: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
    ) -> Response[List[subscription.Subscription]]:
        params = {}

        if before is not None:
            params['before'] = before

        if after is not None:
            params['after'] = after

        if limit is not None:
            params['limit'] = limit

        if user_id is not None:
            params['user_id'] = user_id

        return self.request(
            Route(
                'GET',
                '/skus/{sku_id}/subscriptions',
                sku_id=sku_id,
            ),
            params=params,
        )

    def get_sku_subscription(self, sku_id: Snowflake, subscription_id: Snowflake) -> Response[subscription.Subscription]:
        return self.request(
            Route(
                'GET',
                '/skus/{sku_id}/subscriptions/{subscription_id}',
                sku_id=sku_id,
                subscription_id=subscription_id,
            )
        )

    # Misc

    async def get_bot_gateway(self) -> Tuple[int, str, SessionStartLimit]:
        try:
            data = await self.request(Route('GET', '/gateway/bot'))
        except HTTPException as exc:
            raise GatewayNotFound() from exc

        return data['shards'], data['url'], data['session_start_limit']

    def get_user(self, user_id: Snowflake) -> Response[user.User]:
        return self.request(Route('GET', '/users/{user_id}', user_id=user_id))