cpu/stm32: Distinguish between different STM32WB lines

[crasbe]

Description

Currently the Make subsystem for the STM32s is only prepared for the STM32WB microcontrollers with Cortex M4 processor. While the F, L, U and G series are distinguished by "F1, F2, L4, ...", all "WB" microcontrollers fall into a common category.
Until very recently that wasn't an issue, however ST just released the STM32WB0x line with a Cortex M0+ processor and (a little bit less recently) the STM32WB1x series with Cortex M0+ processor as well. This means that we have to distinguish between WB5 (and possibly WB3), WB1 and WB0.

This requires a change in the naming scheme of the STM32 stuff and a change in the Makefile that is responsible for including the correct header files: https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/blob/436b6edb694ecaffc73817c359ac31d65a09524a/cpu/stm32/stm32_info.mk

In the foreseeable future I would like to start working on adding support for the STM32WB09 (with the NUCLEO-WB09KE), because I'm really hyped about this little processor. It should be easier to add Bluetooth support for this, as it does not have the second processor core that the STM32WB55 for example has.

This is somewhat related to #19264 and #6629.

Useful links

WB50, WB30: https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0471-multiprotocol-wireless-32bit-mcu-armbased-cortexm4-with-fpu-bluetooth-low-energy-or-802154-radio-solution-stmicroelectronics.pdf
WB55, WB35: https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0434-multiprotocol-wireless-32bit-mcu-armbased-cortexm4-with-fpu-bluetooth-lowenergy-and-802154-radio-solution-stmicroelectronics.pdf
WB10: https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0478-multiprotocol-wireless-32bit-mcu-armbased-cortexm4-with-fpu-bluetooth-low-energy-54-radio-solution-stmicroelectronics.pdf
WB15: https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0473-multiprotocol-wireless-32bit-mcu-armbased-cortexm4-with-fpu-bluetooth-low-energy-radio-solution-stmicroelectronics.pdf
WB09: https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0505-stm32wb09xe-ultralow-power-wireless-32bit-mcu-armbased-cortexm0-with-bluetooth-low-energy-and-24-ghz-radio-solution-stmicroelectronics.pdf