diff --git a/agent/file_safety.py b/agent/file_safety.py
index 7a70f96412507..0d71400c86eb7 100644
--- a/agent/file_safety.py
+++ b/agent/file_safety.py
@@ -77,15 +77,21 @@ def build_write_denied_prefixes(home: str) -> list[str]:
     ]
 
 
-def get_safe_write_root() -> Optional[str]:
-    """Return the resolved HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT path, or None if unset."""
-    root = os.getenv("HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT", "")
-    if not root:
-        return None
-    try:
-        return os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser(root))
-    except Exception:
-        return None
+def get_safe_write_roots() -> set[str]:
+    """Return resolved HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT paths. Supports multiple directories
+    separated by ':' (Unix PATH-style). E.g., '/opt/data:/var/www/html'."""
+    env = os.getenv("HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT", "")
+    if not env:
+        return set()
+    roots: set[str] = set()
+    for path in env.split(":"):
+        if path:
+            try:
+                resolved = os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser(path))
+                roots.add(resolved)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+    return roots
 
 
 def is_write_denied(path: str) -> bool:
@@ -124,9 +130,16 @@ def is_write_denied(path: str) -> bool:
         except Exception:
             pass
 
-    safe_root = get_safe_write_root()
-    if safe_root and not (resolved == safe_root or resolved.startswith(safe_root + os.sep)):
-        return True
+    safe_roots = get_safe_write_roots()
+    if safe_roots:
+        # Allow write if path is under ANY of the safe roots
+        allowed = False
+        for safe_root in safe_roots:
+            if resolved == safe_root or resolved.startswith(safe_root + os.sep):
+                allowed = True
+                break
+        if not allowed:
+            return True
 
     return False
 
diff --git a/tools/memory_tool.py b/tools/memory_tool.py
index eed5742ef3966..700aa44e7b920 100644
--- a/tools/memory_tool.py
+++ b/tools/memory_tool.py
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ def _read_file(path: Path) -> List[str]:
             return []
         try:
             raw = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        except (OSError, IOError):
+        except (OSError, IOError, UnicodeDecodeError):
             return []
 
         if not raw.strip():
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ def _detect_external_drift(self, target: str) -> Optional[str]:
             return None
         try:
             raw = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        except (OSError, IOError):
+        except (OSError, IOError, UnicodeDecodeError):
             return None
         if not raw.strip():
             return None
diff --git a/website/docs/reference/environment-variables.md b/website/docs/reference/environment-variables.md
index 9e8220dd03781..84c05670a58a1 100644
--- a/website/docs/reference/environment-variables.md
+++ b/website/docs/reference/environment-variables.md
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ Advanced per-platform knobs for throttling the outbound message batcher. Most us
 | `HERMES_PREFILL_MESSAGES_FILE` | Path to a JSON file of ephemeral prefill messages injected at API-call time. |
 | `HERMES_ALLOW_PRIVATE_URLS` | `true`/`false` — allow tools to fetch localhost/private-network URLs. Off by default in gateway mode. |
 | `HERMES_REDACT_SECRETS` | `true`/`false` — control secret redaction in tool output, logs, and chat responses (default: `true`). |
-| `HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT` | Optional directory prefix that restricts `write_file`/`patch` writes; paths outside require approval. |
+| `HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT` | Optional directory prefix that restricts `write_file`/`patch` writes; paths outside require approval. Supports multiple directories separated by `:` (e.g., `/opt/data:/var/www/html`). |
 | `HERMES_DISABLE_LAZY_INSTALLS` | Internal bridge var set automatically in the official Docker image to prevent runtime dependency installs into the immutable `/opt/hermes` tree. The user-facing equivalent is `security.allow_lazy_installs: false` in `config.yaml`; do not set this in `.env`. |
 | `HERMES_DISABLE_FILE_STATE_GUARD` | Set to `1` to turn off the "file changed since you read it" guard on `patch`/`write_file`. |
 | `HERMES_CORE_TOOLS` | Comma-separated override for the canonical core tool list (advanced; rarely needed). |
diff --git a/website/i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/reference/environment-variables.md b/website/i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/reference/environment-variables.md
index 52ed671891bf9..ecaf1b2dc9b63 100644
--- a/website/i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/reference/environment-variables.md
+++ b/website/i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/reference/environment-variables.md
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Graph 事件（Teams 会议、日历、聊天等）的入站变更通知监听
 | `HERMES_PREFILL_MESSAGES_FILE` | 包含在 API 调用时注入的临时预填消息的 JSON 文件路径。 |
 | `HERMES_ALLOW_PRIVATE_URLS` | `true`/`false`——允许工具获取 localhost/私有网络 URL。gateway 模式下默认关闭。 |
 | `HERMES_REDACT_SECRETS` | `true`/`false`——控制工具输出、日志和聊天响应中的密钥脱敏（默认：`true`）。 |
-| `HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT` | 可选目录前缀，限制 `write_file`/`patch` 写入；超出范围的路径需要审批。 |
+| `HERMES_WRITE_SAFE_ROOT` | 可选目录前缀，限制 `write_file`/`patch` 写入；超出范围的路径需要审批。支持多个目录，使用 `:` 分隔（例如：`/opt/data:/var/www/html`）。 |
 | `HERMES_DISABLE_FILE_STATE_GUARD` | 设为 `1` 可关闭 `patch`/`write_file` 上的"文件自上次读取后已更改"保护。 |
 | `HERMES_CORE_TOOLS` | 规范核心工具列表的逗号分隔覆盖（高级；极少需要）。 |
 | `HERMES_BUNDLED_SKILLS` | 启动时加载的内置技能列表的逗号分隔覆盖。 |