diff --git a/gateway/platforms/qqbot/adapter.py b/gateway/platforms/qqbot/adapter.py
index 9328464584128..4d779b5b923d3 100644
--- a/gateway/platforms/qqbot/adapter.py
+++ b/gateway/platforms/qqbot/adapter.py
@@ -484,6 +484,13 @@ async def _listen_loop(self) -> None:
                         RATE_LIMIT_DELAY,
                     )
                     if backoff_idx >= MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS:
+                        logger.error("[%s] Max reconnect attempts reached (4008 rate-limit)", self._log_tag)
+                        self._set_fatal_error(
+                            "qq_reconnect_exhausted",
+                            "Max reconnect attempts reached (4008 rate-limit)",
+                            retryable=False,
+                        )
+                        await self._notify_fatal_error()
                         return
                     await asyncio.sleep(RATE_LIMIT_DELAY)
                     if await self._reconnect(backoff_idx):
@@ -537,6 +544,12 @@ async def _listen_loop(self) -> None:
                     backoff_idx += 1
                     if backoff_idx >= MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS:
                         logger.error("[%s] Max reconnect attempts reached (QQCloseError)", self._log_tag)
+                        self._set_fatal_error(
+                            "qq_reconnect_exhausted",
+                            "Max reconnect attempts reached (QQCloseError)",
+                            retryable=False,
+                        )
+                        await self._notify_fatal_error()
                         return
 
             except Exception as exc:
@@ -548,6 +561,12 @@ async def _listen_loop(self) -> None:
 
                 if backoff_idx >= MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS:
                     logger.error("[%s] Max reconnect attempts reached", self._log_tag)
+                    self._set_fatal_error(
+                        "qq_reconnect_exhausted",
+                        "Max reconnect attempts reached",
+                        retryable=False,
+                    )
+                    await self._notify_fatal_error()
                     return
 
                 if await self._reconnect(backoff_idx):
diff --git a/tests/gateway/test_qqbot.py b/tests/gateway/test_qqbot.py
index a5aeb62516a07..fc5c127669544 100644
--- a/tests/gateway/test_qqbot.py
+++ b/tests/gateway/test_qqbot.py
@@ -582,3 +582,102 @@ async def test_send_media_waits_for_reconnect(self):
         assert not result.success
         assert result.retryable is True
         assert "Not connected" in result.error
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _listen_loop — reconnect exhaustion notifies gateway via _set_fatal_error
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestListenLoopReconnectExhaustion:
+    """Verify _listen_loop calls _set_fatal_error + _notify_fatal_error on all exhaustion paths."""
+
+    def _make_adapter(self, **extra):
+        from gateway.platforms.qqbot import QQAdapter
+        adapter = QQAdapter(_make_config(app_id="a", client_secret="b", **extra))
+        adapter._notify_fatal_error = mock.AsyncMock()
+        return adapter
+
+    def test_exception_path_sets_fatal_error(self):
+        """Exception branch: exhausted backoff marks adapter as fatal and notifies gateway."""
+        adapter = self._make_adapter()
+        adapter._running = True
+        adapter._mark_disconnected = mock.MagicMock()
+        adapter._fail_pending = mock.MagicMock()
+
+        call_count = 0
+
+        async def _raise_once():
+            nonlocal call_count
+            call_count += 1
+            if call_count == 1:
+                raise RuntimeError("persistent network failure")
+            adapter._running = False
+
+        adapter._read_events = _raise_once
+        adapter._reconnect = mock.AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+        with mock.patch("gateway.platforms.qqbot.adapter.MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS", 0):
+            asyncio.run(adapter._listen_loop())
+
+        assert adapter.has_fatal_error
+        assert adapter._fatal_error_code == "qq_reconnect_exhausted"
+        assert adapter._fatal_error_retryable is False
+        adapter._notify_fatal_error.assert_awaited_once()
+
+    def test_qqcloseerror_path_sets_fatal_error(self):
+        """QQCloseError branch: exhausted backoff marks adapter as fatal and notifies gateway."""
+        from gateway.platforms.qqbot.adapter import QQCloseError
+
+        adapter = self._make_adapter()
+        adapter._running = True
+        adapter._mark_disconnected = mock.MagicMock()
+        adapter._fail_pending = mock.MagicMock()
+
+        call_count = 0
+
+        async def _raise_close():
+            nonlocal call_count
+            call_count += 1
+            if call_count == 1:
+                raise QQCloseError(1006, "abnormal closure")
+            adapter._running = False
+
+        adapter._read_events = _raise_close
+        adapter._reconnect = mock.AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+        with mock.patch("gateway.platforms.qqbot.adapter.MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS", 1):
+            asyncio.run(adapter._listen_loop())
+
+        assert adapter.has_fatal_error
+        assert adapter._fatal_error_code == "qq_reconnect_exhausted"
+        assert adapter._fatal_error_retryable is False
+        adapter._notify_fatal_error.assert_awaited_once()
+
+    def test_rate_limit_4008_path_sets_fatal_error(self):
+        """4008 rate-limit branch: exhausted backoff marks adapter as fatal and notifies gateway."""
+        from gateway.platforms.qqbot.adapter import QQCloseError
+
+        adapter = self._make_adapter()
+        adapter._running = True
+        adapter._mark_disconnected = mock.MagicMock()
+        adapter._fail_pending = mock.MagicMock()
+
+        call_count = 0
+
+        async def _raise_rate_limit():
+            nonlocal call_count
+            call_count += 1
+            if call_count == 1:
+                raise QQCloseError(4008, "rate limited")
+            adapter._running = False
+
+        adapter._read_events = _raise_rate_limit
+        adapter._reconnect = mock.AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+
+        with mock.patch("gateway.platforms.qqbot.adapter.MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS", 0):
+            asyncio.run(adapter._listen_loop())
+
+        assert adapter.has_fatal_error
+        assert adapter._fatal_error_code == "qq_reconnect_exhausted"
+        assert adapter._fatal_error_retryable is False
+        adapter._notify_fatal_error.assert_awaited_once()