Add a Docker image that's close enough to the CI environment

This is close enough to the runner environment that GitHub provides to
reproduce tricky pipeline issues.

Author: Notgnoshi

Diff for: .dockerignore

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+*

Diff for: Dockerfile

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+FROM ubuntu:jammy
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    build-essential \
+    ca-certificates \
+    cmake \
+    curl \
+    git \
+    ninja-build \
+    openssh-client \
+    && apt-get clean
+
+ENV RUSTUP_HOME=/usr/local/rustup \
+    CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo \
+    PATH=/usr/local/cargo/bin:$PATH
+
+RUN curl https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/rustup-init --output /tmp/rustup-init \
+    && chmod +x ./tmp/rustup-init \
+    && /tmp/rustup-init -y \
+        --default-toolchain=stable \
+        --profile=default \
+    && rm /tmp/rustup-init \
+    && chmod -R a+w $RUSTUP_HOME $CARGO_HOME \