Skip to content

Commit 71800e2

Browse files
sebashtioonsebashtioon
committed
TestCommit
1 parent 3e445d0 commit 71800e2

File tree

1 file changed

+298
-0
lines changed

1 file changed

+298
-0
lines changed

‎ter

+298
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
1+
2+
SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
3+
4+
Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N.
5+
Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given.
6+
A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K.
7+
8+
h H Display this help.
9+
q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit.
10+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
11+
12+
MMOOVVIINNGG
13+
14+
e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines).
15+
y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines).
16+
f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines).
17+
b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines).
18+
z * Forward one window (and set window to _N).
19+
w * Backward one window (and set window to _N).
20+
ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
21+
d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N).
22+
u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N).
23+
ESC-) RightArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions).
24+
ESC-( LeftArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions).
25+
ESC-} ^RightArrow Right to last column displayed.
26+
ESC-{ ^LeftArrow Left to first column.
27+
F Forward forever; like "tail -f".
28+
ESC-F Like F but stop when search pattern is found.
29+
r ^R ^L Repaint screen.
30+
R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
31+
---------------------------------------------------
32+
Default "window" is the screen height.
33+
Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
34+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
35+
36+
SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG
37+
38+
/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line.
39+
?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line.
40+
n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence).
41+
N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
42+
ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files.
43+
ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
44+
ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
45+
ESC-U Clear search highlighting.
46+
&_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines.
47+
---------------------------------------------------
48+
A search pattern may begin with one or more of:
49+
^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines.
50+
^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
51+
^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
52+
^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position).
53+
^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
54+
^S _n Search for match in _n-th parenthesized subpattern.
55+
^W WRAP search if no match found.
56+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
57+
58+
JJUUMMPPIINNGG
59+
60+
g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N).
61+
G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N).
62+
p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file).
63+
t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag.
64+
T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag.
65+
{ ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ].
66+
} ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [.
67+
ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>.
68+
ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_>.
69+
---------------------------------------------------
70+
Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
71+
matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line.
72+
Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
73+
matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.
74+
75+
m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current top line with <letter>.
76+
M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current bottom line with <letter>.
77+
'_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position.
78+
'' Go to the previous position.
79+
^X^X Same as '.
80+
ESC-m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Clear a mark.
81+
---------------------------------------------------
82+
A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
83+
Certain marks are predefined:
84+
^ means beginning of the file
85+
$ means end of the file
86+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
87+
88+
CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS
89+
90+
:e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file.
91+
^X^V Same as :e.
92+
:n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line.
93+
:p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line.
94+
:x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line.
95+
:d Delete the current file from the command line list.
96+
= ^G :f Print current file name.
97+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
98+
99+
MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
100+
101+
-_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
102+
--_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name.
103+
__<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option.
104+
___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name.
105+
+_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.
106+
107+
!_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL.
108+
#_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command, expanded like a prompt.
109+
|XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command.
110+
s _f_i_l_e Save input to a file.
111+
v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR.
112+
V Print version number of "less".
113+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
114+
115+
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
116+
117+
Most options may be changed either on the command line,
118+
or from within less by using the - or -- command.
119+
Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single
120+
character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --.
121+
122+
-? ........ --help
123+
Display help (from command line).
124+
-a ........ --search-skip-screen
125+
Search skips current screen.
126+
-A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN
127+
Search starts just after target line.
128+
-b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N]
129+
Number of buffers.
130+
-B ........ --auto-buffers
131+
Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
132+
-c ........ --clear-screen
133+
Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling.
134+
-d ........ --dumb
135+
Dumb terminal.
136+
-D xx_c_o_l_o_r . --color=xx_c_o_l_o_r
137+
Set screen colors.
138+
-e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF
139+
Quit at end of file.
140+
-f ........ --force
141+
Force open non-regular files.
142+
-F ........ --quit-if-one-screen
143+
Quit if entire file fits on first screen.
144+
-g ........ --hilite-search
145+
Highlight only last match for searches.
146+
-G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH
147+
Don't highlight any matches for searches.
148+
-h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N]
149+
Backward scroll limit.
150+
-i ........ --ignore-case
151+
Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase.
152+
-I ........ --IGNORE-CASE
153+
Ignore case in all searches.
154+
-j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N]
155+
Screen position of target lines.
156+
-J ........ --status-column
157+
Display a status column at left edge of screen.
158+
-k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e]
159+
Use a lesskey file.
160+
-K ........ --quit-on-intr
161+
Exit less in response to ctrl-C.
162+
-L ........ --no-lessopen
163+
Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable.
164+
-m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT
165+
Set prompt style.
166+
-n ......... --line-numbers
167+
Suppress line numbers in prompts and messages.
168+
-N ......... --LINE-NUMBERS
169+
Display line number at start of each line.
170+
-o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e]
171+
Copy to log file (standard input only).
172+
-O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e]
173+
Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
174+
-p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]
175+
Start at pattern (from command line).
176+
-P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t]
177+
Define new prompt.
178+
-q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT
179+
Quiet the terminal bell.
180+
-r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
181+
Output "raw" control characters.
182+
-s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines
183+
Squeeze multiple blank lines.
184+
-S ........ --chop-long-lines
185+
Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping.
186+
-t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g]
187+
Find a tag.
188+
-T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e]
189+
Use an alternate tags file.
190+
-u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
191+
Change handling of backspaces, tabs and carriage returns.
192+
-V ........ --version
193+
Display the version number of "less".
194+
-w ........ --hilite-unread
195+
Highlight first new line after forward-screen.
196+
-W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD
197+
Highlight first new line after any forward movement.
198+
-x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]]
199+
Set tab stops.
200+
-X ........ --no-init
201+
Don't use termcap init/deinit strings.
202+
-y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N]
203+
Forward scroll limit.
204+
-z [_N] .... --window=[_N]
205+
Set size of window.
206+
-" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]]
207+
Set shell quote characters.
208+
-~ ........ --tilde
209+
Don't display tildes after end of file.
210+
-# [_N] .... --shift=[_N]
211+
Set horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width).
212+
--exit-follow-on-close
213+
Exit F command on a pipe when writer closes pipe.
214+
--file-size
215+
Automatically determine the size of the input file.
216+
--follow-name
217+
The F command changes files if the input file is renamed.
218+
--header=[_N[,_M]]
219+
Use N lines and M columns to display file headers.
220+
--incsearch
221+
Search file as each pattern character is typed in.
222+
--intr=_C
223+
Use _C instead of ^X to interrupt a read.
224+
--line-num-width=_N
225+
Set the width of the -N line number field to _N characters.
226+
--modelines=_N
227+
Read _N lines from the input file and look for vim modelines.
228+
--mouse
229+
Enable mouse input.
230+
--no-keypad
231+
Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings.
232+
--no-histdups
233+
Remove duplicates from command history.
234+
--no-number-headers
235+
Don't give line numbers to header lines.
236+
--no-search-headers
237+
Don't search in header lines or columns.
238+
--no-vbell
239+
Disable the terminal's visual bell.
240+
--redraw-on-quit
241+
Redraw final screen when quitting.
242+
--rscroll=_C
243+
Set the character used to mark truncated lines.
244+
--save-marks
245+
Retain marks across invocations of less.
246+
--search-options=[EFKNRW-]
247+
Set default options for every search.
248+
--show-preproc-errors
249+
Display a message if preprocessor exits with an error status.
250+
--proc-backspace
251+
Process backspaces for bold/underline.
252+
--SPECIAL-BACKSPACE
253+
Treat backspaces as control characters.
254+
--proc-return
255+
Delete carriage returns before newline.
256+
--SPECIAL-RETURN
257+
Treat carriage returns as control characters.
258+
--proc-tab
259+
Expand tabs to spaces.
260+
--SPECIAL-TAB
261+
Treat tabs as control characters.
262+
--status-col-width=_N
263+
Set the width of the -J status column to _N characters.
264+
--status-line
265+
Highlight or color the entire line containing a mark.
266+
--use-backslash
267+
Subsequent options use backslash as escape char.
268+
--use-color
269+
Enables colored text.
270+
--wheel-lines=_N
271+
Each click of the mouse wheel moves _N lines.
272+
--wordwrap
273+
Wrap lines at spaces.
274+
275+
276+
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
277+
278+
LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG
279+
280+
These keys can be used to edit text being entered
281+
on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
282+
283+
RightArrow ..................... ESC-l ... Move cursor right one character.
284+
LeftArrow ...................... ESC-h ... Move cursor left one character.
285+
ctrl-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w ... Move cursor right one word.
286+
ctrl-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b ... Move cursor left one word.
287+
HOME ........................... ESC-0 ... Move cursor to start of line.
288+
END ............................ ESC-$ ... Move cursor to end of line.
289+
BACKSPACE ................................ Delete char to left of cursor.
290+
DELETE ......................... ESC-x ... Delete char under cursor.
291+
ctrl-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE ........... Delete word to left of cursor.
292+
ctrl-DELETE .... ESC-DELETE .... ESC-X ... Delete word under cursor.
293+
ctrl-U ......... ESC (MS-DOS only) ....... Delete entire line.
294+
UpArrow ........................ ESC-k ... Retrieve previous command line.
295+
DownArrow ...................... ESC-j ... Retrieve next command line.
296+
TAB ...................................... Complete filename & cycle.
297+
SHIFT-TAB ...................... ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle.
298+
ctrl-L ................................... Complete filename, list all.

0 commit comments

Comments
 (0)